[The immunological characteristics and enzymatic activity of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of the children presenting with pharyngeal tonsillar hypertrophy]. / Immunologicheskie pokazateli i énzimaticheskaia aktivnost' limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi u detei s gipertrofiei glotochnoi mindaliny.

The objective of the present work was to study the immunological characteristics and activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in peripheral blood lymphocytes in the young children presenting with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy (PTH). A total of 57 children at the age from 1 to 3 years with PTH were available for the examination. The control group was comprised of 35 age-matched practically healthy children. The amount of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+/56-, and CD19+ cells in the peripheral blood was determined with the use of the cytoflowmetric technique. The activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was quantified by the method of A.A. Savchenko and co-workers ([14]. Serum IgA, IgM, and IgG levels were measured as described by G. Mancini and co-workers [12], and the levels of the circulating immune complexes (CIC) by the method of Haskova and co-workers [13]. The children presenting with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy were found to undergo changes in the immune-phenotypic spectrum of peripheral bloods lymphocytes, the decrease of serum IgA concentration, and the increase in the serum CIC level. The activity of riboso-5-phpsphate- and NADH-dependent reactions of the macromolecular synthesis was increased whereas the role of the malate-aspartate shunt in the cellular energy metabolism and activity of glycolysis decreased. On the contrary, the substrate flow in the tricarbonic acid cycle was rather high while glutathione reductase activity was low. The present study has shown that the children presenting with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy underwent changes in the immune and phenotypic spectrum of peripheral bloods lymphocytes, the decrease of serum IgA concentration, and the increase in the serum CIC level.

[Changes of the Immunophenotypic Spectrum and the Enzymatic Profile of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Infants with Hypertrophy of the Pharyngeal Tonsil].

OBJECTIVE: to study immunophenotype and NAD- and NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase of blood lymphocytes activity indicators in children with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils (HPT). METHODS: 57 children aged 1-3 years with HPT were examined. The focus group included 35 healthy children of the similar age. The number of CD3⁺-, CD4⁺-, CD8⁺-, CD16⁺/56⁺-, CD19⁺-cells in the blood was determined by flow cytometry. The activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase was studied by the method of A. Savchenko and coauth. (1989). RESULTS: The changes of immunophenotypic spectrum of peripheral blood lymphocytes in infants with HPT have been revealed. The increase of ribose-5-phosphate and NADN-dependent reactions of macromolecular synthesis, the reduction of malataspartat shunt role in cell energy, the reduction of anaerobic lactate dehydrogenase reaction, the compensatory increase in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, the high substrate flow of the citric acid cycle and the reduced level of glutathione have been fixed. The correlation analysis has showed increase in the number of correlations between indicators of investigated oxidoreductase activity in blood lymphocytes in children with HPT and the high level of correlation between the metabolic reactions of the mitochondrial compartment. CONCLUSION: the change of immunophenotype, enzymatic activity, correlation pattern of connection between intracellular enzymes of peripheral blood lymphocytes have been revealed in children aged 1-3 years with HPT.

[The phenotype IFNy+cd69- of T-lymphocytes of umbilical blood associated with epidemiologically verified risk factors of atopy formation].

The article deals with the determination of possible role of imbalance of lymphocytes TH1/TH2 at birth in pathogenesis of atopy development in children. The subpopulation compound of umbilical blood lymphocytes was examined on sampling of 153 newborns. The following prospective monitoring was applied during first year of life. It is established that the low content ofnonactivated mononuclears in umbilical blood producing gamma-interferon (IFNy+/CD69-) is associated with atopic family anamnesis (p = 0.006), residing of pregnant woman in town (in comparison with rural area, p = 0.02) and male gender of newborn in case of repeated labor (p = 0.008). This situation matches the epidemiologic verified risk factors of atopy formation in children. The contact of pregnant woman with domestic pets results in increasing of content of activated lymphocytes producing gamma-interferon (IFNy+/CD69-), p = 0.03. The decrease of content of nonactivated cells producing gamma-interferon (IFNy+/CD69-) is a strong and independent predictor of formation of atopic dermatitis in children of infancy age. The relative risk of formation of atopic dermatitis consisted 3.4 (1.19-9.69).

[Clinical and immunological effect of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae, type B, in children with disorders of the nervous system].

Observations on 277 children aged 3 months to 4 years with lesions of the nervous system, immunized with vaccine Act-HIB (Aventis Pasteur, France), were carried out in groups of children. The significant decrease of the level of Hib nasopharyngeal carrier state in 3.3 times and the decrease of total morbidity in acute infections of respiratory and ENT organs in 2.7 times occurred after immunization was revealed. The immunological effect of immunization on the level of protective titers against H. influenzae, type b, in children with organic CNS lesions in children was shown.

[Correlation of clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in children and the activity of NAD(PH)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes]. / Vzaimosviaz' klinicheskikh proiavlenii atopicheskogo dermatita u detei s aktivnost'iu NAD(F)-zavisimykh degidrogenaz limfotsitov krovi.

The bioluminescence was used to study the activity levels of NAD (P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes of 88 children with atopic dermatitis. The nature and intensity of the investigated enzymes were found to be dependent on age and a disease severity with changes being most pronounced and resistant in the elder age group and in patients with a continuously relapsing disease course. Besides, it was shown that the changes of NAD (P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes are objectively related with an allergic inflammation clinical course in patients with atopic dermatitis and could be clinically valuable in monitoring the dermatitis progression at the metabolic level, in prognosticating possible relapses and in evaluating a chosen therapy.

[The structural and functional status of the immune system in pre-school children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. / Strukturno-funktsional'noe sostoianie immunnoi sistemy u detei rannego vozrasta, infitsirovannykh mikobakteriiami tuberkuleza.

Sixty children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT), aged 3 to 5 years were followed up in the period before specific chemotherapy. The studies established structural and functional changed in the immune system in young MBT-infected children. Moreover, the disorders found in immune homeostasis were of combined nature. This circumstance should be taken into account in elaborating immune rehabilitative programs for this group of patients.

[Specific antigenic preparations as inducers of blood leukocyte respiratory burst in chemiluminescent analysis]. / Ispol'zovanie spetsificheskikh antigennykh preparatov v kachestve indukatorov dykhatel'nogo vzryva leikotsitov krovi pri khemiliuminestsentnom analize.

Functional activity of blood leukocytes of normal subjects and patients with herpesvirus infection was studied by the chemiluminescent method in vitro with specific antigenic preparations (tick-borne encephalitis vaccine, ADPT vaccine, and herpetic vaccine). Functional response of blood leukocytes to vaccine preparations is specific and depends on the antigen and metabolic status of cells of recipients. The range of chemiluminescent response of blood leukocytes is wide: no changes in tick-borne encephalitis vaccine, weak response to herpetic vaccine, and pronounced changes in functional activity in response to ADPT vaccine. Testing with different doses of specific inducers helps additionally evaluate the metabolic reserve of blood leukocytes. A pronounced response of leukocytes to specific antigenic preparations in vitro (e.g. to ADPT vaccine) prompts development of methods for predicting the reaction of nonspecific reactivity system to vaccination.

[Interconnection of immunologic indicators of blood and functional parameters of leukocytes in children with relapsing herpesvirus infection]. / Vzaimosviaz' immunologicheskikh pokazatelei krovi i funktsional'nykh parametrov leikotsitov u detei s retsidiviruiushchei gerpes-virusnoi infektsiei.

Correlations between immunological indices of blood and functional activity of leukocytes were studied in healthy children and those with recurrent Herpes virus infection (RHVI) at the age 3-6 and 7-11 years. Functional activity of leukocytes was assessed by the chemiluminescence test. Both healthy and RHVI children are shown to have age-specific features of blood immunology, leukocyte function and their correlation. In ontogenesis and RHVI relations between immunological indices of blood and functional parameters of leukocytes vary and correlations appear between leukocyte function and cellular, humoral immunity. These findings evidence for differentiation of ontogenetic processes in different links of immunological system, on the one side, and necessitate development of normal age standards which will facilitate diagnosis of immunoreactive disorders in various infections, on the other side.

[Neural network classification of people with chronic, nonspecific lung diseases using immunologic parameters of the blood and activity of metabolic enzymes in lymphocytes]. / Neirosetevaia klassifikatsiia lits s khronicheskimi nespetsificheskimi zabolevaniiami legkikh po velichene immunologicheskikh parametrov krovi i aktivnosti metabolicheskikh fermentov limfotsitov.

Informatic importance of blood immunological parameters and activities of lymphocyte metabolic enzymes was investigated in patients with chronic non-specific lung diseases (CNLD) in remission by neural-network classifier. There insignificant increase of immunoregulatory index, absence of variations in indices of humoral immunity, but decrease oxidoreductase activities controlling of bioenergetic processes were detected in immunocompetent cells of patients with CNLD. It was assumed that disturbance of the metabolic state of lymphocytes defined weak functional activation of immunocompetent cells, as well as the development of immunodeficiency and chronicity of diseases. Basing on analysis of lymphocytic NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases, neural-network classifier divided all patients with CNLD into two groups distinguishing by the level of intracellular metabolism and the type of immune reactions. This result and complete training on the basis of immunological parameters reflect higher informatic importance of metabolic indices of lymphocytes in diagnosis of immunodeficiency.

[A chemiluminescent analysis of the functional activity of the blood leukocytes in children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis and atopic dermatitis]. / Khemiliuminestsentnyi analiz funktsional'noi aktivnosti leikotsitov krovi u detei s retsidiviruiuschim obstruktivnym bronkhitom i atopicheskim dermatitom.

To study the informative value of chemiluminescence determination of leukocytic functional activity, children aged 3 to 6 years who had recurrent obstructive bronchitis (ROB) and atopic dermatitis (AD) were examined. The mean statistic data on spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence responses were found to be far from fully reflecting the individual characteristics of leukocytic functional activity in children with these diseases (in a group of patients with the same disease, children were found to have lower and higher values of cell chemiluminescence). This suggests that in developed infection, the functions of phagocytic cells may be not only activated, but also suppressed. Two cases of using the chemiluminescence technique during treatment of children with ROB and AD are given as an example.

[Hemodynamic aspects of heart and respiratory failures in ischemic heart disease patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and their dynamics during treatment]. / Gemodinamicheskie aspekty serdechnoi i dykhatel'noi nedostatochnosti u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa s tiazheloi legochnoi gipertenziei i ikh dinamika v protsesse lecheniia.

The greater and lesser circulation: hemodynamics and external respiratory function were repeatedly examined in the course of treatment in 90 patients with atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis and circulatory insufficiency, stages I-IIB. In heart failure, hemodynamic shifts were earlier and more pronounced in the lesser circulation, as compared to the greater circulation. Respiratory insufficiency also preceded hemodynamic shifts in the greater circulation and was more pronounced in patients with pulmonary hypertension. In the course of treatment, these patients showed a more significant blood pressure fall in the pulmonary artery and progressively diminishing manifestations of respiratory insufficiency.