[Activation of the complement system during hemodialysis]. / Aktivatsiia sistemy komplementa pri gemodialize i vozmozhnost' ee prognozirovaniia.

One of the adverse effects of haemodialysis is activation of the complement system occurring at the contact of blood with the dialyser membrane. In vitro conditions it was found by means of a modified method of registering haemolitic complement activity pre- and post-incubation with the membrane that the activation of complement in a given blood donor depends both on the inherent complement reactivity and on the surface physico-chemical qualities. The contribution of each component was estimated by means of the coefficient of spontaneous speed (kspont) and of induced speed (kind) of complement activation. The comparison of the results of the complement system activation in vivo (in 9 dialysed patients) with the in vitro results made it possible to use the designed kinetic model in prognostication of the complement system of a given patient subjected to haemodialysis.

[Intrasplenic xenotransplantation of human fetal pancreatic islet cell cultures in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus]. / Vnutriselezenochnaia ksenotransplantatsiia kul'tur ostrovkovykh kletok podzheludochnoi zhelezy plodov cheloveka krysam s éksperimental'nym sakharnym diabetom.

Islet cell cultures obtained from the pancreas of human embryos were transplanted to the spleen pulp of rats with alloxan diabetes mellitus. During 1-2 weeks after transplantation, 6 of the 8 recipients manifested a decrease in glycemia to normal or almost normal. The antidiabetic effect of xenotransplantation of islet cell cultures was well preserved throughout the entire observation period (up to 4 months). Two recipient rats with stable normoglycemia were subjected to splenectomy. One week after operation the animals manifested the recurrent grave diabetic status. Histological study of the removed spleen has shown the red pulp to contain the accumulations of implanted islet cells.

[Xenotransplantation of cultures of islet cells of human fetal pancreas into experimentally diabetic rats]. / Ksenotransplantatsiia kul'tur ostrovkovykh kletok podzheludochmoi zhelezy plodov cheloveka krysam s eksperimental'nym sakharnym diabetom.

Cultures of islet cells of fetal human pancreas were transplanted into the liver of alloxan diabetic rats. This xenotransplantation led to a long-term reduction of glycemia maintained during 8--18 weeks. Histological studies of the liver of recipients revealed the presence of the implanted islet cells.

[Use of the method of selective catheterization of the heart and major vessels in biomedical research with the participation of healthy persons]. / Primenenie metodiki selektivnogo zondirovaniia serdtsa i magistral'nykh sosudov v mediko-biologicheskikh issledovaniiakh s uchastiem zdorovykh liudei.

The paper discusses the application of direct techniques to the study of circulation--catheterization of the heart and central vessels in biomedical experiments with the participation of healthy volunteers and during examinations of pilots, athletes, etc. The experiments showed high informativeness and reliability of the techniques and demonstrated their applicability to the study of gravity effects on the circulation and metabolism of different organs of healthy men as applied to aerospace and clinical medicine. These investigations allow clinical modelling of hemodynamic and metabolic changes that may develop in various organs and tissues in weightlessness, development of pathogenetically substantiated countermeasures against its adverse effects, formulation of certain requirements for artificial organs whose function should be as close as possible to that of natural organs of a healthy man. The paper presents the protocol and results of the first study of the effects of short-term simulated weightlessness on the circulation and metabolism of various organs of a healthy man: brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and musculoskeletal formations of the lower limbs.

[Cell cultures obtained using collalytin from the pancreases of cattle fetuses]. / Kletochnye kul'tury iz podzheldudochnoi zhelezy plodov krupnogo rogatogo skota, poluchennye s primeneniem kollalitina

The authors present morphological characteristics of primary monolayer cultures prepared from the pancreas of bovine fetuses. Combined treatment with trypsin and collalytine solutions (a preparation with collagenase activity) was used for dispersion of the tissue of the pancreas. Numerous epithelial cells corresponding by morphofunctional characteristics to beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans were contained in be cultures obtained; an aldehyde-fuchsin-positive granularity was revealed in the cytoplasm of these cells. Degranulation of these cells occurred under the effect of an increased glucose concentration in the nutrient medium.