Development of an abdominal wall abscess caused by fish bone ingestion: a case report.

BACKGROUND: A small percentage of patients with foreign body ingestion develop complications, which have a variety of clinical presentations. Less than 1% of cases require surgical intervention. We present a patient with an abdominal wall abscess resulting from a fish bone that pierced the cecum. The patient was treated laparoscopically. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with a complaint of right lower abdominal pain. A physical examination revealed tenderness, swelling, and redness at the right iliac fossa. Computed tomography showed a low-density area with rim enhancement in his right internal oblique muscle and a hyperdense 20 mm-long pointed object in the wall of the adjacent cecum. Based on the findings we suspected an abdominal wall abscess resulting from a migrating ingested fish bone. He was administered antibiotics as conservative treatment, and the abscess was not seen on subsequent computed tomography. Two months after the initial treatment, he presented with the same symptoms, and a computed tomography scan showed the foreign body in the same location as before with the same low-density area. We diagnosed the low-density area as recurrence of the abdominal wall abscess. He underwent laparoscopic surgery to remove the foreign body. His appendix, and part of his cecum and the parietal peritoneum that included the foreign body, were resected. He had an uneventful postoperative course, and at 1 year after the surgery, the abdominal wall abscess had not recurred. CONCLUSIONS: An abdominal wall abscess developed in association with the migration of an ingested fish bone. We suggest that a laparoscopic surgical resection of the portion of the bowel that includes the foreign body is a useful option for selected cases.

Primary hepatic carcinosarcoma with multimodal treatment.

Hepatic carcinosarcoma (HCS) generally presents in advanced stages, demonstrates aggressive behavior, and has a poor prognosis. Other than curative primary resection, no effective treatment options exist. We present a case of resected HCS with four repeat resections for solitary lymph node recurrence followed by chemoradiotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide. A 67-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of an asymptomatic hepatic tumor. The patient underwent right hepatectomy with a presumptive preoperative diagnosis of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as HCS containing osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma components. After the initial surgery, the patient underwent four additional resections for solitary lymph node HCS recurrence, and then underwent chemoradiotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide for an unresectable lymph node recurrence. Chemotherapy was stopped after two cycles because of severe adverse events, although chemoradiotherapy markedly reduced the size of the lymph node recurrence and provided a progression-free survival of 12 months. Thirty-seven months after the initial surgery, the patient died of cardiac invasion of multiple mediastinal lymph node metastases. The clinical course outlined in this case report suggests that chemoradiotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide for metastatic HCS may prolong survival in patients with unresectable lesions.

Comprehensive screening for antigens overexpressed on carcinomas via isolation of human mAbs that may be therapeutic.

Although several murine mAbs that have been humanized became useful therapeutic agents against a few malignancies, therapeutic Abs are not yet available for the majority of the human cancers because of our lack of knowledge of which antigens (Ags) can become useful targets. In the present study we established a procedure for comprehensive identification of such Ags through the extensive isolation of human mAbs that may become therapeutic. Using the phage-display Ab library we isolated a large number of human mAbs that bind to the surface of tumor cells. They were individually screened by immunostaining, and clones that preferentially and strongly stained the malignant cells were chosen. The Ags recognized by those clones were isolated by immunoprecipitation and identified by MS. We isolated 2,114 mAbs with unique sequences and identified 21 distinct Ags highly expressed on several carcinomas. Of those 2,114 mAbs 356 bound specifically to one of the 21 Ags. After preparing complete IgG(1) Abs the in vitro assay for Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the in vivo assay in cancer-bearing athymic mice were performed to examine antitumor activity. The mAbs converted to IgG(1) revealed effective ADCC as well as antitumor activity in vivo. Because half of the 21 Ags showed distinct tumor-specific expression pattern and the mAbs isolated showed various characteristics with strong affinity to the Ag, it is likely that some of the Ags detected will become useful targets for the corresponding carcinoma therapy and that several mAbs will become therapeutic agents.

Composite tumor of mucinous cystadenoma and somatostatinoma of the kidney.

Approximately 30 cases of carcinoid tumor of the kidney have been reported in the English literature, including three cases found as components of teratomas. Renal composite tumors associated with somatostatinoma have not been described. A 53-year-old female presented with an incidentally found right renal cystic lesion. Computed tomography demonstrated a cystic lesion associated with a solid nodule in the right kidney and postcontrast dynamic MRI revealed enhancement of the solid nodule. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy for the kidney lesion and is now well without recurrence 21 months after the operation. From the histopathological findings we diagnosed the cystic lesion as a composite tumor composed of mucinous cystadenoma and carcinoid tumor. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the majority of cells of in carcinoid portion to be positive for antisomatostatin staining. The present case is the first documented composite tumor of mucinous cystadenoma and somatostatinoma of the kidney.

It is true that, when Langerhans cells migrate from the skin to the lymph node, they are transported via lymph vessels.

BACKGROUND: Generally, Langerhans cells deliver antigen information from the skin to the draining lymph nodes via lymph vessels. METHODS: By immunohistopathology, we investigated the delivery route of Langerhans cells in human skin using CD1a and S-100 protein antibodies. RESULTS: We noted CD1a- and S-100-positive Langerhans cells in the lymph vessels of the dermis. These were shaped like dendritic cells and presented with some lymphocytes, melanophages, melanin granules and lymph in the same vessels. CONCLUSION: These observations support the concept that Langerhans cells deliver antigen peptides to regional lymph nodes via afferent lymph vessels.

Experimental study on phototoxicity and the photosensitization potential of ketoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid and benzophenone and the photocross-reactivity in guinea pigs.

BACKGROUND: Ketoprofen, suprofen and tiaprofenic acid are arylpropionic anti-inflammatories. Their chemical structures share the same elements as the benzoyl radical and the tiophene ring. We experienced nine cases of ketoprofen photoallergy, seven cases of suprofen photoallergy and three cases of tiaprofenic photoallergy. PURPOSE: To find the key structure of photosensitivity and photocross-reactivity to ketoprofen, suprofen and tiaprofenic acid. METHODS: : Three animals were tested for phototoxicity and six animals for the photosensitization potentials of ketoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid and benzophenone, and the photocross-reactivity of the above chemicals. Test substances were applied symmetrically on both sides of the animals' backs. The animals were irradiated with 180 mJ/cm2 UVB ((1/2) MED) and 10 J/cm2 UVA on the left side. The reactions were read on days 2, 3 and 4. The photosensitization potentials of ketoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid and benzophenone were determined using the Adjuvant-Strip method. Six animals were assigned to each test group and to a control group. RESULTS: Ketoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid and propionic acid showed negative reactions with the phototoxic test. Benzophenone showed phototoxic reactions to 40% acetone (ac.), 20% ac. and 10% ac. Therefore, we used 5% aq. benzophenone with the photosensitization test. Ketoprofen was the strongest photosensitizer (6/6) and showed photocross-reactivities to suprofen (2/6), tiaprofenic acid (3/6) and benzophenone (6/6). Suprofen was a strong photosensitizer (4/6) and showed photocross-reactivities to ketoprofen (1/4) and tiaprofenic acid (2/4), but not to benzophenone. Tiaprofenic acid was also a photosensitizer (2/6) but showed a photocross-reactivity only to benzophenone (2/2). Benzophenone was also the strongest photosensitizer (6/6), but did not photocross-react to the above three chemicals. CONCLUSION: From the test results, it appears that benzoyl radical is the key structure for photosensitivity and the photocross-reactivity of ketoprofen, suprofen and tiaprofenic acid. The whole structure of benzophenone was needed to induce photosensitization of benzophenone. The animals that were photosensitized from the entire structure of benzophenone did not photocross-react to ketoprofen, suprofen or tiaprofenic acid.

Contact urticaria due to polyethylene gloves.

We report a rare case of contact urticaria due to polyethylene gloves. The patient, a 46-year-old cook, had had had chronic urticaria since 1985, and first visited our hospital in June 2000. We began by prescribing antihistamine and antiallergenic drugs for him, but his condition did not improve. From a detailed interview, we established that when he put on polyethylene gloves at work, his condition worsened. We suspected some component of his gloves to be the cause of his symptoms. Prick and scratch tests with a solution extracted from his gloves showed a wheal-and-flare reaction at 15 min. We advised him to wear a cotton shirt under his clothes in daily life, and to put on cotton gloves under his polyethylene gloves while at work. Subsequently, the size and the number of wheals were markedly smaller and the subject's symptoms were reduced.

A case of contact urticaria syndrome due to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) in work clothes.

We previously reported a case of contact urticaria syndrome (CUS) due to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) grip on cotton gloves. The patient reported in this previous paper was careful not to have any contact with PVC products in his daily life or in his working environment. He discontinued the use of protective gloves with a PVC grip that was the cause of CUS. When working, he used cotton gloves without a PVC grip. We prescribed antihistamines which slightly improved his condition. However, when he wore work clothes while on duty, CUS relapsed. This condition was severe and made him feel anxious. When we advised him to wear a cotton shirt under his work clothes, the contact urticaria did not develop. We suspected that some component of the work clothes was the cause of his symptoms. A prick test with the extract solution of his work clothes showed a wheal and flare at the 15 min reading. The common component of the grip and the work clothes was found by analysis to be DOP.

Inhibitory Effects of Heated Garlic on N-Ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced Carcinogenesis in the Duodenum and Jejunum of C57BL/6 Mice.

We examined the modifying effects of heated garlic (Allium sativum L.) on N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)-induced duodenal and jejunal carcinogenesis in mice. Heated garlic powder used in this study was prepared as follows: unpeeled garlic bulbs were blanched in boiling water for 6 min, and then peeled, the cloves being crushed, homogenized, and finally freeze-dried. The garlic powder had almost undetectable alliinase activity and was rich in alliin (the main sulfur compound of heated garlic; 22.1 &mgr;/g dry weight). Male C57BL/6 mice were given ENNG (100 &mgr;/l) in drinking water for the first 4 weeks, and then basal diet (Group 1), or 10% (Group 2), 3% (Group 3) or 1% (Group 4) heated garlic in the diet for 30 weeks. At the termination of the experiment, the incidences of duodenal tumors in Groups 1-3 were significantly lower than those in Group 1, and the multiplicities in Group 2 were significantly lower than those in Group 1. Additionally, the incidences and/or multiplicities of the jejunal tumors in Groups 2 and 4 were also significantly lower than those in Group 1. In this study, we also examined changes in erythrocyte polyamine levels. Values for Group 1 were significantly greater than those in the control group, and this elevation in Group 1 were significantly inhibited by dietary heated garlic (10% in the diet; Group 2). These results indicated that the post-initiation-stage feeding of heated garlic, especially at 10% in the diet, inhibits ENNG-induced duodenal and jejunal carcinogenesis in mice.

Primary cutaneous CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine 10 cases with primary cutaneous CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), analyze their clinical manifestations and pathological and immunohistochemical features, and improve early diagnosis of this disease. METHODS: We studied the morphological characteristics of primary cutaneous CD30-positive ALCL using histopathological methods. Leukocyte common antigen (LCA), CD20, CD30, CD45RO, CD68, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (CK) and HMB45 antibodies were used to determine the expression of their respective antigens from routine paraffin samples of the patients. RESULTS: Ten patients (7 men and 3 women, aged 31 to 84 years) complained of subcutaneous masses or papular eruptions over their lower trunks and extremities. Histopathologically, the lesions were composed of numerous large round or oval pleomorphic cells. The cytoplasm was usually abundant, amphophilic or basophilic, and finely vacuolated. Nuclei were commonly eccentrically localized and lobated or horseshoed in shape, and multinucleated giant cells and Reed-Sternberg-like cells were seen. Nucleoli were generally multiple and large. Of the 10 patients, tumor cells displayed positive antigen expression of CD30 in all cases, positive CD45RO in 6 cases, positive CD20 in only 1 case, but negative CD45RO and CD20 expressions in 3 cases. Two patients died at 7 weeks and 3.4 years of follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the importance of histopathologic features and positive CD30 staining for differentiation of this disease from other malignant skin tumors.

Immunohistochemical changes on dendritic cells in microenvironment of thymus in patients with myasthenia gravis / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the microenvironment of the thymus on lymphocytes, dendritic cells and epithelial cells were studied in patients with myasthenia gravis.Methods (1) The thymus specimens of 25 cases were examined using light microscopy,in which 10 were males,15 females with an average age of 31 years old. The lymphoid tissue with proliferation was in 13 cases, without proliferation in 12 cases. Additionally, 7 cases had congenital heart disease (the average age was 27 years old) and the thymus of an infant (1 case) was examined. (2) Immunohistochemical staining for CD1a?CD4?CD8?CD20?CD45RO?S 100?CKPan and EMA were performed onto the specimens. Some of them with positive dendritic cells on S 100 and CD1a were counted. Results (1) It showed that the positive cells of CD1a located at cortical areas of the thymus with or without lymphoid tissue proliferation in MG and non MG cases. However, there were some positive cells in the medulla, Hassall corpuscles and the vascular space areas of the thymus. (2) The CD4 staining was negative. (3) The expression of CD8 and CD45RO was expressed in the medulla, peripheral areas of the Hassall corpuscles and vascular space of the thymus. (4) CD20 was expressed in the medulla and the germinal central areas. (5) The expression of S 100 for dendritic cells were 23.5 and 47.5 per 100 mm 2 in both having medullary follicular hyperplasia and no follicular hyperplasia groups. The CD1a were 2.1, 3.8 per 100 mm 2, respectively. The statistic was significant as compared with both groups with or without proliferation of thymus medulla. (6) The expression of CK was located in the cortex, medulla and Hassall corpuscles. But EMA, CEA were negative. Conclusions (1) There were expressions of suppressive T cells (CD8) and B lymphocytes (CD20) with or without the thymus medullary lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. (2) The changes of numerous quantity of the dendritic cells on the thymus were displayed which showed a relation to the proliferation of T, B lymphocytes and the formation of germinal central of thymus.It suggested that the dendritic cells and the other stromal cells of the thymus may serve as an important role in MG occurrence.

Inhibition of N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced Duodenal Tumorigenesis in Mice by Whole-leaf Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger.

We examined the modifying effects of freeze-dried whole-leaf Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (designated as 'ALOE') on N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)-induced duodenal tumorigenesis in C57BL/6 mice. Experiment 1: Male mice were given ENNG in drinking water for the first 4 weeks, and then 10% ALOE in basal diet for 16 weeks. Experiment 2: Female mice were given ENNG for 5 weeks, and then 5%, 1% or 0.2% ALOE in the diet were given for 15 weeks. In Experiment 1, the tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity (tumors per mouse) of the duodenum in the ENNG + 10% ALOE group were significantly decreased compared with that in the ENNG alone group. Erythrocyte polyamine levels in the ENNG + 10% ALOE group were also significantly decreased. In Experiment 2, the incidence of duodenal tumors in the ENNG + 5% ALOE group were significantly decreased compared with that in the ENNG alone group. These results indicated that ALOE, especially at 10% in the diet, inhibits ENNG-induced duodenal tumorigenesis in mice.