Evaluation of Animal Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders Based on Characteristics of Clinical Symptoms of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveBased on the new method of animal model evaluation， this paper summarized and analyzed the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） and Western medicine syndromes in existing autism spectrum disorder（ASD） animal models， and put forward suggestions for improvement. MethodRelevant literature on ASD animal models in China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） and PubMed were searched. According to the diagnostic standards of traditional Chinese and western medicine， core symptoms and accompanying symptoms were assigned values， and the clinical consistency of the models was comprehensively evaluated. ResultMost ASD model experimental animals were rodents， and the modeling methods included genetic and non-genetic. Domestic research focused on biochemical induction， while foreign research used genetic models more commonly. Among all models， valproic acid induction had the highest clinical consistency， followed by the neuroligin 4（NLGN4） and contactin associated protein like 2（CNTNAP2） gene knockout models. Most modeling methods could meet the characteristics of surface validity and structural validity， but did not clearly distinguish TCM syndromes. Currently， there is no model that has a high degree of clinical agreement between TCM and western medicine at the same time. ConclusionThe existing ASD animal models are mostly constructed under the guidance of western medicine， which lacks the characteristics of TCM syndromes. And the selection of evaluation indicators of western medicine is relatively single， without specifying the types of TCM syndromes. It is recommended to apply TCM intervention factors during the process of model preparation， to improve the evaluation indicators of traditional Chinese and western medicine， and to emphasize the study of on non-human primates， so as to lay a solid foundation for future experiments.

Mechanism of EGFR inhibitor AG1478 combined with oxaliplatin in inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway and promoting autophagy in HI 975 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of oxaliplatin combined with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 on autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer H1975 cells. Methods H1975 cells were cultured in vitro using gradient concentrations of AG1478 (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 jjimol • IT

The effect of intrinsic capacity and comorbidity on adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older adults: path analysis based on structure equation model / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To examine the impact of intrinsic capacity(IC), comorbidity, and their interaction on the occurrence of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:This 2-year observational cohort study included 230 residents aged 75 and above who lived in the Beijing Taikang Yanyaun community active area from June to August 2018.The study evaluated the IC scale, Charlson comorbidity index(CCI), and activity of daily living(ADL).In September 2020, adverse outcomes such as functional decline(defined as a decline of at least one point on the ADL scores at 2-year follow-up compared with baseline)and falls were assessed.The structure equation model(SEM)path analysis was employed to examine the direct and indirect effects of IC and CCI on adverse outcomes.Results:Among the 212 older adults who completed a 2-year follow-up, aged 75-93(mean age 83.8±4.4)years, 59.4%(126 cases)were female.Out of these participants, 51.4%(109 cases)experienced functional decline and 33.5%(71 cases)had falls.Path analysis revealed that the direct effects of IC on functional decline and falls were significantly positive, with standardized coefficients of 0.430 and 0.369, respectively.However, the effect of CCI was not found to be significant.The multi-variable Logistic regression model showed that the total effect of IC on functional decline and falls remained significantly positive, with values of 1.184 and 0.915, respectively.CCI acted as a mediating factor, with indirect effects on functional decline and falls accounting for 5.4% and 0.8%, respectively.In terms of the relationship between age and adverse outcomes, the indirect effect of IC was significantly higher than that of CCI(functional decline: 0.192 vs.0.037; falls: 0.158 vs.0.017). Conclusions:The maintenance of IC in the health management of community-dwelling older adults should be given more attention as it can significantly affect the incidence of functional decline and falls.Comorbidity, on the other hand, has a weaker influence.

Can the Blended Application of Controlled-Release and Common Urea Effectively Replace the Common Urea in a Wheat-Maize Rotation System? A Case Study Based on a Long-Term Experiment.

The one-time application of blended urea (BU), combining controlled-release urea (CRU) and uncoated urea, has proven to be a promising nitrogen (N) management strategy. However, the long-term sustainability of blending urea remains largely unexplored. To assess whether a single application of blended urea could effectively replace split uncoated urea applications, a long-term field experiment was conducted in the North China Plain (NCP). The results indicated that, when compared to common urea (CU) at the optimal N rate (180 kg N ha-1), BU achieved comparable grain yields, N uptake and NUE (61% vs. 62). BU exhibited a 12% higher 0-20 cm soil organic nitrogen stock and a 9% higher soil organic carbon (C) stock. Additionally, BU reduced life-cycle reactive N (Nr) losses and the N footprint by 10%, and lowered greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the C footprint by 7%. From an economic analysis perspective, BU demonstrated comparable private profitability and a 3% greater ecosystem economic benefit. Therefore, BU under the optimal N rate has the potential to substitute split applications of common urea in the long-term and can be regarded as a sustainable N management strategy for wheat and maize production in the NCP.

Canagliflozin alleviates high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis via HIF-1α inhibition.

The cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been demonstrated in many studies. However, their benefits for end-stage kidney disease patients, particularly those on peritoneal dialysis, remain unclear. SGLT2 inhibition has shown peritoneal protective effects in some studies, but the mechanisms are still unknown. Herein, we investigated the peritoneal protective mechanisms of Canagliflozin in vitro by simulating hypoxia with CoCl2 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and rats by intraperitoneal injection of 4.25% peritoneal dialysate simulating chronic high glucose exposure. CoCl2 hypoxic intervention significantly increased HIF-1α abundance in HPMCs, activated TGF-ß/p-Smad3 signaling, and promoted the production of fibrotic proteins (Fibronectin, COL1A2, and α-SMA). Meanwhile, Canagliflozin significantly improved the hypoxia of HPMCs, decreased HIF-1α abundance, inhibited TGF-ß/p-Smad3 signaling, and decreased the expression of fibrotic proteins. Five-week intraperitoneal injection of 4.25% peritoneal dialysate remarkably increased peritoneal HIF-1α/TGF-ß/p-Smad3 signaling and promoted peritoneal fibrosis and peritoneal thickening. At the same time, Canagliflozin significantly inhibited the HIF-1α/TGF-ß/p-Smad3 signaling, prevented peritoneal fibrosis and peritoneal thickening, and improved peritoneal transportation and ultrafiltration. High glucose peritoneal dialysate increased the expression of peritoneal GLUT1, GLUT3 and SGLT2, all of which were inhibited by Canagliflozin. In conclusion, we showed that Canagliflozin could improve peritoneal fibrosis and function by ameliorating peritoneal hypoxia and inhibiting the HIF-1α/TGF-ß/p-Smad3 signaling pathway, providing theoretical support for the clinical use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Arenobufagin-loaded PEG-PLA nanoparticles for reducing toxicity and enhancing cancer therapy.

Arenobufagin (ArBu) is a natural anticancer drug with good anti-tumor effects, but its clinical applications and drug development potential are limited due to its toxicity. The purpose of this study is to reduce the toxic side effects of ArBu and improve the efficacy of tumor treatment by incorporating it into poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly (lactide) co-polymer (PEG-PLA). ArBu@PEG-PLA micelles were prepared by a thin film hydration method. The optimized micelles were characterized by size, stability, drug loading, encapsulation rate, and drug release. The tumor-inhibition efficacy of the micelles was evaluated on A549 cells and tumor-bearing mice. The ArBu@PEG-PLA micelles have good drug-loading capacity, release performance, and stability. They can accumulate at the tumor site through the EPR effect. The micelles induce apoptosis through a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Compared with the free ArBu, the ArBu@PEG-PLA micelles had lower toxicity and higher safety in the acute toxicity evaluation experiment. The in vivo anti-tumor experiment with tumor-bearing mice showed that the tumor-inhibition rate of ArBu@PEG-PLA micelles was 72.9%, which was 1.28-fold higher than that of free ArBu (57.1%), thus showing a good tumor treatment effect. This study indicates that ArBu@PEG-PLA polymeric micelles can significantly improve the toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of ArBu. These can lead to a new therapeutic strategy to reduce the toxicity of ArBu and enhance tumor treatment.

Effect of down-regulation of let-7c/g on triggering a double-negative feedback loop and promoting restenosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main causes of restenosis (RS) in diabetic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). However, the relevant pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood.@*METHODS@#In this study, we introduced a "two-step injury protocol" rat RS model, which started with the induction of atherosclerosis (AS) and was followed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry staining were used to verify the form of RS. Two-step transfection was performed, with the first transfection of Lin28a followed by a second transfection of let-7c and let-7g, to explore the possible mechanism by which Lin28a exerted effects. 5-ethynyl-2΄-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Transwell assay were performed to evaluate the ability of proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of Lin28a protein and let-7 family members.@*RESULTS@#Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we discovered that let-7c, let-7g, and microRNA98 (miR98) were downstream targets of Lin28a. More importantly, decreased expression of let-7c/let-7g increased Lin28a, leading to further inhibition of let-7c/let-7g. We also found an increased level of let-7d in the RS pathological condition, suggesting that it may function as a protective regulator of the Lin28a/let-7 loop by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs.@*CONCLUSION@#These findings indicated the presence of a double-negative feedback loop consisting of Lin28a and let-7c/let-7g, which may be responsible for the vicious behavior of VSMCs in RS.

Humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody as a salvage therapy for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. Methods: A total of 64 patients with SR-aGVHD between June 2019 and October 2020 in Suchow Hopes Hematology Hospital were enrolled in this study. Humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies 1 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) were administered on days 1, 3, and 8, and then once per week according to the disease progression. Efficacy was assessed at days 7, 14, and 28 after humanized anti-CD 25 treatment. Results: Of the 64 patients with a median age of 31 (15-63) years, 38 (59.4%) were male and 26 (40.6%) were female. The overall response (OR) rate of the humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody in 64 patients with SR-aGVHD on days 7, 14, and 28 were 48.4% (31/64), 53.1% (34/64), and 79.7% (51/64), respectively. Liver involvement is an independent risk factor for poor efficacy of humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody for SR-aGVHD at day 28 (OR=9.588, 95% CI 0.004-0.291, P=0.002). The median follow-up time for all patients was 17.1 (0.2-50.8) months from the start of humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody therapy. The 1- and 2-year OS rates were 63.2% (95% CI 57.1% -69.3%) and 52.6% (95% CI 46.1% -59.1%), respectively. The 1- and 2-year DFS rates were 58.4% (95% CI 52.1% -64.7%) and 49.8% (95% CI 43.4% -56.2%), respectively. The 1- and 2-year NRM rates were 28.8% (95% CI 23.1% -34.5%) and 32.9% (95% CI 26.8% -39.0%), respectively. The results of the multifactorial analysis showed that liver involvement (OR=0.308, 95% CI 0.108-0.876, P=0.027) and GVHD grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ (OR=9.438, 95% CI 1.211-73.577, P=0.032) were independent risk factors for OS. Conclusion: Humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody has good efficacy and safety for SR-aGVHD. This study shows that SR-aGVHD with pretreatment grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ GVHD and GVHD involving the liver has poor efficacy and prognosis and requires early intervention.

Clinical Analysis of Colistin Sulfate in the Treatment of Hematonosis Infected by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of colistin sulfate in the treatment of hematonosis patients infected by multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and discuss the possible factors that affect the efficacy of colistin sulfate.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 85 hematologic patients infected with MDR GNB in the Soochow Hopes Hematonosis Hospital from April 2022 to November 2022 were collected and divided into clinically effective group with 71 cases and ineffective group with 14 cases according to the therapeutic efficacy of colistin sulfate. The age, gender, type of hematologic disease, status of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, infection sites, type of pathogen, timing of administration, daily dose and duration of colistin sulfate, and combination with other antibacterial agents of patients in two groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze on the meaningful variables to study the influencing factors of colistin sulfate. The adverse reactions of colistin sulfate were also evaluated.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in age, gender, type of hematologic disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation status, infection sites and pathogen type between the effective group and the ineffective group (P>0.05). Compared with the medication time more than 7 days, meropenem used within 7 days in the clinical effective group, and timely replacement with colistin sulfate could obtain better efficacy, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.018). The duration of tigacycline before colistin sulfate did not affect the efficacy, and there was no significant difference in efficacy between the effective and ineffective groups. The therapeutic effect of colistin sulfate at daily dose of 500 000 U q8h was better than that of 500 000 U q12h, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.035). The time of colistin sulfate use in the clinically effective group was longer than that in the ineffective group, which had a statistical difference (P=0.003). Compared with the clinical ineffective group, the efficacy of combination regimens with colistin sulfate was better than that of colistin sulfate monotherapy, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.013). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the indicators with statistical differences in the two groups of patients, which suggested that the use time of colistin sulfate (B: 2.358; OR: 10.573; CI: 1.567-71.361; P=0.015) and the combination of colistin sulfate (B: 1.720; OR: 5.586; CI: 1.210-25.787; P=0.028) were influential factors in the efficacy of colistin sulfate. During the treatment, the incidence of nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and peripheral neurotoxicity were 5.9%, 1.2% and 1.2%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The use of colistin sulfate improves the clinical efficacy of MDR GNB infections in hematological patients, and the timing of colistin sulfate administration and the combination of drugs are independent factors affecting its clinical efficacy, and the safety during treatment is high.

Predictive value of baseline peripheral blood inflammatory biomarkers for prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of baseline peripheral blood inflammatory biomarkers for prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy.Methods:The clinical data of a total of 120 patients with advanced HCC who received immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy at Cancer Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2019 to March 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the optimal cut-off values of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). According to the optimal cut-off values, the study objects were divided into high value group and low value group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to analyze the factors associated with prognosis.Results:By the end of follow-up, 74 patients died and 46 survived. The median follow-up time was 23.0 months, the median overall survival (mOS) was 15.6 months, and the median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 13.1 months. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off values of NLR, PLR, SII, LMR and PNI were 3.45, 131.87, 626.21, 2.12 and 43.30, respectively. The mPFS (18.3 months vs. 8.7 months) and mOS (26.6 months vs. 10.9 months) of patients in the low-NLR group ( n=75) were longer than those of the high-NLR group ( n=45), and there were statistically significant differences ( χ2=55.64, P<0.001; χ2=64.14, P<0.001). The mPFS (17.9 months vs. 10.9 months) and mOS (24.5 months vs. 13.5 months) of patients in the low-PLR group ( n=55) were longer than those of the high-PLR group ( n=65), and there were statistically significant differences ( χ2=5.27, P=0.023; χ2=11.84, P<0.001). The mPFS (18.0 months vs. 10.7 months) and mOS (25.7 months vs. 12.8 months) of patients in the low-SII group ( n=75) were longer than those of the high-SII group ( n=45), and there were statistically significant differences ( χ2=24.46, P<0.001; χ2=25.42, P<0.001). The mPFS (18.2 months vs. 10.9 months) and mOS (26.6 months vs. 13.2 months) of patients in the high-LMR group ( n=56) were longer than those of the low-LMR group ( n=64), and there were statistically significant differences ( χ2=19.25, P<0.001; χ2=19.92, P<0.001). The mPFS (17.9 months vs. 10.9 months) and mOS (25.4 months vs. 13.4 months) of patients in the high-PNI group ( n=62) were longer than those of the low-PNI group ( n=58), and there were statistically significant differences ( χ2=13.69, P<0.001; χ2=19.07, P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage ( HR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.17-2.87, P=0.008), Child-Pugh grade ( HR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.47-3.34, P<0.001), modified albumin-bilirubin (mALBI) grade ( HR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.81, P=0.045), extrahepatic metastases ( HR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.47-3.25, P<0.001), NLR ( HR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.28-1.54, P<0.001), PLR ( HR=1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.001), SII ( HR=1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, P<0.001), LMR ( HR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.51-0.79, P<0.001) and PNI ( HR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98, P=0.001) were correlated with PFS; BCLC stage ( HR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.21-3.91, P=0.009), Child-Pugh grade ( HR=2.57, 95% CI: 1.61-4.09, P<0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score ( HR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.01-2.51, P=0.044), mALBI grade ( HR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.17-2.17, P=0.003), extrahepatic metastasis ( HR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.59-3.96, P<0.001), NLR ( HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.32-1.60, P<0.001), PLR ( HR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.01, P<0.001), SII ( HR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.01, P<0.001), LMR ( HR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.40-0.72, P<0.001) and PNI ( HR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.96, P<0.001) were correlated with OS. Multivariate analysis showed that extrahepatic metastasis ( HR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.10-2.87, P=0.018) and NLR ( HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.24-1.73, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for PFS; extrahepatic metastasis ( HR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.21-3.61, P=0.009), NLR ( HR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.29-1.88, P<0.001), SII ( HR=1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, P=0.025), LMR ( HR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.45-0.78, P=0.008) and PNI ( HR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99, P=0.013) were independent influencing factors for OS. Conclusion:NLR and extrahepatic metastasis can be regarded as important indicators to predict PFS in patients with advanced HCC receiving immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy, and NLR, SII, LMR, PNI and extrahepatic metastasis can be regarded as important indicators to predict OS in patients with advanced HCC receiving immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy. High NLR, high SII, low LMR, low PNI and extrahepatic metastasis indicate poor prognosis of HCC patients.

Recent progresses of targeted therapy and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, with a high incidence and fatality rate in China. Since sorafenib opened up a new era of targeted therapy for HCC, drug developers around the world have made a lot of efforts and contributions to the exploration of systematic therapy for HCC. In recent years, novel molecular targeted agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors and their combined treatment regimens in advanced HCC have been implemented for many large samples, international multi-center clinical trials. The results show that the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and dual immunotherapy have significant advantages compared with that of targeted or immune monotherapy, and have satisfactory safety while prolonging survival and improving the quality of life of patients.

Progress Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion's Clinical Therapeutic Effect / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

At present,the evaluation method of clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion is highly subjective,and the applied objective imaging data also has shortcomings of long time,large radiation and low cost performance.Musculoskeletal ultrasound technology can solve these problems well,and has gradually become the first choice in the diagnosis or treatment evaluation of many diseases.it is also widely used in clinical and experimental research of acupuncture.Musculoskeletal ultrasound has the advantages of real-time,non radiation,fast imaging,objectivity and so on.This article summarizes and analyzes the advantages of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the evaluation of acupuncture clinical efficacy,and provides relevant reference for its further clinical application and development.

Clinical characteristics of Trousseau's syndrome with acute cerebral infarction and its correlation with D-polymer and fibrinogen / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of Trousseau's syndrome with acute multiple cerebral infarction and its correlation with D-polymer and fibrinogen. Methods The clinical characteristics of 31 patients with malignant tumor complicated with cerebral infarction hospitalized from July 2019 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and reviewed. The correlation between NIHSS score and D-polymer and fibrinogen was analyzed. Results The incidence of male was higher than that of female (61.29%),28 cases had multiple lesions (≥2),31 cases had increased D-dimer,19 cases showed fibrinogen abnormality,18 cases of lung cancer (58.06%),3 cases of bowel cancer (9.68%),5 cases of gastric cancer (16.13%),2 cases of cervical cancer (6.45%). There were 3 cases with liver cancer (9.68%),16 cases with metastasis (51.61%),NIHSS score had no significant correlation with D-dimer (0.041),and a certain negative correlation with fibrinogen (-0.162),but there was no significant difference between NIHSS score and NIHSS score (P>0.05). Conclusion For patients with malignant tumors complicated with acute multiple cerebral infarction,Trousseau's syndrome should be considered. At the same time,D-polymer and fibrinogen may be related to ischemic stroke. Anticoagulant therapy can be used as the main treatment method,and fibrinogen reduction therapy may further aggravate neurological deficits.

Clinical and pathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma with concurrent histological variants / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) with concurrent other histological variants.Methods:The clinical data of 566 UTUC patients admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 2007 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 289 were males and 277 were females, with an average age of (67.3±10.0)years old. Among the patients, 97 had a history of smoking, 29 had undergone kidney transplantation, 120 had diabetes, 76 had coronary heart disease, 146 had hyperlipidemia, 271 had hypertension, and 50 had a history of chronic kidney disease. Among the UTUC cases, 366 had concurrent hydronephrosis, 55 had concurrent bladder cancer, and 43 had a history of previous bladder cancer. The distribution included 210 cases of renal pelvis carcinoma, 5 cases of carcinoma at the renal pelvis-ureter junction, 226 cases of ureteral carcinoma, and 125 cases of multifocal tumors. Patients were classified into the pure UTUC group and the UTUC with concurrent other histological variants group based on postoperative pathology, and their clinical and pathological features were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors for the occurrence of histological variations in UTUC. The log-rank test was employed to compare the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the two groups, while Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate prognostic factors.Results:Among the 566 cases, 511 were pure UTUC and 55 were UTUC with concurrent other histological variants. Among the latter, 30 cases had squamous differentiation, 6 had glandular differentiation, 5 had mucinous differentiation, 5 had sarcomatoid carcinoma, 2 had micropapillary carcinoma, 2 had neuroendocrine carcinoma, 1 had giant cell carcinoma, and 4 had other mixed histological variations. The proportion of patients with a history of kidney transplantation was higher in the UTUC with concurrent histological variants group than that in the pure UTUC group [14.5% (8/55) vs. 4.1% (21/511)], with statistically significant difference ( P=0.003). In the UTUC with concurrent histological variants group, the proportion of postoperative high-grade tumors [98.2% (54/55) vs. 80.2% (410/511)], muscle-invasive tumors [89.1% (49/55) vs. 68.1% (348/511)], lymph node metastasis tumors [10.9% (6/55) vs. 2.3% (12/511)], and maximum tumor diameter [(3.60±2.64) cm vs. (2.96±1.98) cm] were higher than those in the pure UTUC group ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of kidney transplantation ( OR=4.991, 95% CI 1.749-13.615, P=0.002) was an independent predictive factor for the occurrence of histological variants. Follow-up was conducted for 1 to 174 months, with a median follow-up time of 32.8 months. UTUC with concurrent histological variants was significantly associated with worse OS and CSS ( P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that histological variants were an independent risk factor for OS ( HR=1.860, 95% CI 1.228-2.816, P=0.003) and CSS ( HR=2.146, 95% CI 1.349-3.412, P=0.001). Conclusions:UTUC with concurrent other histological variants exhibited higher postoperative tumor grade and stage compared to pure UTUC, and UTUC with concurrent other histological variants was an independent risk factor for worse prognosis.

Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic kidney disease / 中华肾脏病杂志

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem worldwide, whereas there is still no efficient cure. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining human health and disease resistance, and multiple studies have confirmed that the gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of CKD. Starting from the "gut-kidney axis" theory, this article provides a systematic review of the changes in gut microbiota composition and function in patients with CKD, such as a decrease in the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Besides that, the article explores the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects CKD progression, such as inflammation and immunity, and also describes the application methods of using the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for CKD, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, microecologics, and dietary therapy, in order to provide microbial- based targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CKD.

Risk factors of death and construction of a survival prediction model in maintenance hemodialysis patients with corona virus disease 2019 / 中华肾脏病杂志

It was a retrospective cohort study. Eighty maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were enrolled, among whom 48 patients survived and 32 died. The clinical data between the survival and death groups were compared. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of death in MHD patients with COVID-19, and a survival prediction model was constructed. The results showed that age, lesion-cumulative number of lung segments, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, serum ferritin, interleukin-6, D-dimer, serum phosphorus, and proportions of males, diabetes and hypoxemia in the death group were higher than those in the survival group (all P<0.05). Increased age ( HR=1.039, 95% CI 1.007-1.072, P=0.017), diabetes ( HR=2.688, 95% CI 1.018-6.991, P=0.046), increased C-reactive protein ( HR=1.006, 95% CI 1.001-1.011, P=0.012), and increased serum phosphorus ( HR=1.573, 95% CI 1.015-2.438, P=0.043) were independent influencing factors of death in MHD patients with COVID-19. The survival prediction model was established based on age, diabetes, C-reactive protein and blood phosphorus. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the combined model for survival time at 7-day, 14-day, and 21-day were 0.751 (95% CI 0.690-0.811), 0.768 (95% CI 0.712-0.824), and 0.780 (95% CI 0.729-0.831), respectively. The concordance index of cross- validation as internal validation was 0.797 (95% CI 0.757-0.837). Increased age, diabetes, elevated C-reactive protein and elevated blood phosphorus are independent risk factors of COVID-19 death in MHD patients, and the survival prediction model built by those factors has good efficacy.

Advances in conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 中华器官移植杂志

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a sole viable treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As the median age of AML is approaching 68 years and the global population is aging, allo-HSCT for is becoming more vital for elderly AML patients (60 years and over). Conditioning regimen is important in determining the clinical outcomes of post-allo-HSCT patients.This review summarized the classic and latest conditioning regimens and evaluated their respective clinical outcomes.Clinicians may appreciate the advantages of each conditioning regimen and formulate optimal options for elderly AML patients.

Scientific, transparent and applicable rankings of Chinese guidelines and consensus of rehabilitation medicine published in medical journals in 2022 / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo evaluate the Chinese guidelines and consensus of rehabilitation medicine published in the medical journals in 2022 using Scientific, Transparent and Applicable Rankings (STAR). MethodsGuidelines and consensus which were developed by Chinese institutions or led by Chinese scholars were retrieved in databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, Chinese Medical Journal Network, PubMed and Web of Science, in 2022, followed by screening for rehabilitation medicine field. The literature were rated with STAR. ResultsSeven guidelines and eleven consensuses were included. The STAR scores ranged from 11.7 to 69.6, with a median score of 25.9 and mean score of 28.3. There was a significant difference in the total score between guidelines and consensus (U = 12.000, P = 0.014). The score ratio was high in the domains of recommendations (73.6%), evidence (39.5%) and others (33.3%), while it was low in the domains of protocol (1.4%), clinical questions (12.5%) and conflicts of interest (13.9%). The score ratio was high in the items of listing the institutional affiliations of all individuals involved in developing the guideline (94.4%), identifying the references for evidence supporting the main recommendations (94.4%), indicating the considerations (e.g., adverse effects) in clinical practice when implementing the recommendations (88.9%), and making the recommendations clearly identifiable, e.g., in a table, or using enlarged or bold fonts (75%); and it was low in the items of describing the role of funder(s) in the guideline development (0), indicating information about the evaluation and management of conflicts of interest (0), providing tailored editions of the guidelines for different groups of target users (0), presenting the guideline or recommendations visually, such as with figures or videos (0), providing details of the guideline protocol (2.8%), assessing the risk of bias or methodological quality of the included studies (2.8%), describing the responsibilities of all individuals or sub-groups involved in developing the guideline (5.6%), indicating how the clinical questions were selected and sorted (5.6%), formating clinical questions in PICO or other formats (5.6%), making the guideline accessible through multiple platforms (5.6%), and declaring that the funder(s) did not influence the guideline's recommendations (8.3%). ConclusionThe quality of current clinical practice guidelines and consensus of rehabilitation medicine is poor, which should be developed in accordance with the relevant standards.

Constructed "ashi point" / 中国针灸

Ashi point is one of the three major categories of acupoint in acupuncture-moxibustion theory nowadays. It is originally recorded in Beiji Qianjin Yaofang (Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergency) as one of the effective folk methods. The theoretic development of ashi point goes through the innovation period of contemporary and modern acupuncture-moxibustion theory, specifically in three aspects, definition, property and status. Through the analysis of historical data, it is found that the bias of ashi point theory results from the misunderstanding of connotation, the distortion of application techniques, the misinterpretation of semantics and the gradual promotion of status. All of these are generally caused by the reform of acupuncture-moxibustion theory in Japan, which covers the essence of ashi point, limits its connotation and clouds the concept of acupoint. It is necessary to re-understand the literal sense and theoretic construction of ashi point and timely update the knowledge system of acupuncture-moxibustion in association with the results of theoretical researches.

Hot water washing processing technology of Euodiae Fructus based on change laws of active components and tastes / 中国中药杂志

In order to establish the standardized processing technology of the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus, this study, based on the traditional processing method of hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus recorded in ancient works and modern processing specifications of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, took the yield of decoction pieces and the content of main components as the indicators and optimized the processing conditions by orthogonal test based on the results of single factor investigation. At the same time, electronic tongue technology was used to analyze the change law of the taste index of Euodiae Fructus during the hot water washing. The results of the single factor investigation showed that the content of the main components in Euodiae Fructus showed some regular changes during the processing. Specifically, the content of chlorogenic acid, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, and dehydroevodiamine decreased significantly, with average decreases of-23.75%,-27.80%,-14.04%,-14.03%, and-13.11%, respectively. The content of limonin increased significantly with an average increase of 19.83%. The content of evodiamine, rutaecarpine, evocarpine, and dihydroevocarpine showed fluctuating changes and generally increased, with average variation amplitudes of 0.54%,-3.78%, 2.69%, and 5.13%, respectively. The orthogonal test results showed that the optimum processing parameters for the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus were as follows: washing time of 2 min, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10 g·mL~(-1), washing temperature of 80 ℃, washing once, and drying at 50 ℃. After the hot water washing processing, the average yield of Euodiae Fructus pieces was 94.80%. The content of limonin, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine was higher than those of raw pro-ducts, and the average transfer rates were 102.56%, 103.15%, and 105.16%, respectively. The content of dehydroevodiamine was lower than that of the raw products, and the average transfer rate was 83.04%. The results of taste analysis showed that the hot water washing could significantly reduce the salty, astringent, and bitter tastes of Euodiae Fructus. This study revealed the influence of the hot water washing on the content of main components and taste of Euodiae Fructus, and the processing technology of the hot water was-hing of Euodiae Fructus established in this study was stable, feasible, and suitable for industrial production, which laid a foundation for clarifying its processing principle and improving the quality standard and clinical application value of decoction pieces.