Spectrum of intracranial complications of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis - resurgence in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a pictorial essay.

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) has regained significance following its resurgence in the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Rapid and progressive intracranial spread occurs either by direct extension across the neural foraminae, cribriform plate/ethmoid, walls of sinuses, or angioinvasion. Having known to have a high mortality rate, especially with intracranial extension of disease, it becomes imperative to familiarise oneself with its imaging features. MRI is the imaging modality of choice. This pictorial essay aims to depict and detail the various intracranial complications of mucormycosis and to serve as a broad checklist of structures and pathologies that must be looked for in a known or suspected case of ROCM.

Imaging of leiomyomas arising from Müllerian remnants in a case of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality characterised by varying degrees of aplasia or hypoplasia of the uterus and vagina. Very rarely, leiomyomas or adenomyosis can develop in the Müllerian remnant tissue or rudimentary uterus. We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with MRKH syndrome, who presented with primary amenorrhoea and lower abdominal pain. On examination, a large pelvic mass was palpated and a provisional diagnosis of ovarian tumour was made. MRI showed multiple large leiomyomas arising from the Müllerian remnant tissue, and chronic torsion of the right ovary.

Localized renal cystic disease.

Localized renal cystic disease (LRCD) is a rare benign non-hereditary, non-progressive condition which must be differentiated from other renal cystic diseases. Familiarity with this condition and its characteristic imaging features avoids unnecessary surgical intervention. We report a case of LRCD in a 40-year-old male who presented with left loin pain. Computed tomography demonstrated a cluster of simple cysts in the lower pole of the left kidney with normal right kidney and other organs. Diagnosis of LRCD was made on typical imaging characteristics and absence of family history of cystic renal disease.

An unusual case of disseminated toxoplasmosis in a previously healthy pregnant patient: radiographic, CT, and MRI findings.

Toxoplasmosis is a ubiquitous protozoal infection that during pregnancy commonly affects the fetus severely, with maternal infection usually being mild self-limiting. Disseminated toxoplasmosis in a healthy pregnant woman has, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported before. We present a case of disseminated toxoplasmosis involving pulmonary, central nervous system, and lymph nodes in a pregnant woman and imaging findings on radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.

Evaluation of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) by diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging.

Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a clinicoradiological entity with varied aetiologies and having a typical course of evolution. We present a case of MERS evaluated with diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging along with various conventional sequences of MRI. At the time of presentation, the lesions in the splenium of corpus callosum and bilateral cerebral white matter showed diffusion restriction with reduced apparent diffusion coefficient and no reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) values on diffusion tensor imaging; on follow-up diffusion restriction completely resolved with normalisation of the apparent diffusion coefficient. The normal to slightly increased FA values in the lesions may indicate that MERS is a non-degenerative disorder.