Study of some immunity parameters in patients receiving low-caloric diets.

The immunoregulatory effect of low-caloric diets on various components of the immune system was demonstrated. Serum content of TNF-alpha increased after the diet. Seasonal fluctuations in this parameter were observed in patients receiving these diets. A relationship between the increase in TNF-alpha level and body weight loss during low-caloric diet was detected. Presumably, transition to endogenous nutrition triggers not only catabolic hormones, but also cytokines with catabolic effects.

Effect of Buerger's thromboangiitis activity on the outcomes of vascular reconstructions.

Altogether 39 patients suffering from thromboangiitis obliterans were under observation. The vasculitis activity score (VAS) developed by R.A. Luqmain et al. (1994) was used as a criterion for thromboangitis activity. The patients were distributed into 2 groups: the first group included patients in the period of remission and the second, group comprised patients in the period of exacerbation. The patients underwent different types of vascular reconstructions. On examination of hemostasis and hemorheology the second group patients demonstrated potentiation of platelet function, inhibition of antiaggregation activity of the arterial wall, the rise of aggregation activity of red blood cells, and inhibition of blood fibrinolytic activity. The tendency toward hypercoagulation and hyperaggregation revealed in the second group patients led to deterioration of the immediate outcomes of reconstructive operations. Thrombosis of the reconstructed area was recorded in 5 (26.31%) first group patients and in 7 (35%) second group patients. In the first group, the high limb amputation was accomplished in one (5.26%) patient whereas in the second group, amputation was performed in 6 (30%) cases. So, the VAS according to R. A. Luqmain et al. (1994) is a reliable predictor which allows to carry out the screening of patients with Buerger's thromboangiitis for vascular reconstructions. The presence of the clinical signs of vasculitis activity in Buerger's thromboangitis requires preliminary preliminary preparation aimed at the removal of inflammation and correction of hemorheologic and hemostatic disorders.

[Kidney involvement in trophoblastic disease (chorionepithelioma)]. / Porazhenie pochek pri trofoblasticheskoi bolezni (khorionepiteliome).

Renal involvement in chorionepithelioma is attributed to tumor destruction and metastases to the kidneys. A rare case of secondary paraneoplastic nephropathy manifesting as nephrotic syndrome in the presence of renal metastases is described. Metastatic lesion of the lungs provoked spontaneous pneumothorax. It is not easy to detect chorionepithelioma and related paraneoplastic nephropathy. Therefore, special attention should be given to puerperants with unusual clinical presentation of nephrotic syndrome, with bloody expectorations. In the above cases chorionepithelioma must not be excluded.

[Hemodynamic disorders in acute intestinal obstruction in the early postoperative period and their correction]. / Rasstroistva gemodinamiki pri ostroi neprokhodimosti kishechnika v rannem posleoperatsionnom periode i ikh korrektsiia.

Eight indices of hemodynamics and microcirculation in 50 patients with acute ileus (AI) at the early postoperative period were studied. The significant deviation of all (except arterial pressure) indices, especially those characterising the disorders in microcirculation were revealed. They were the most pronounced in patients with AI of tumour nature. By 5-7 day after the operation, none of the indices has normalized. It is recommended not to restrict the performance of corrigative therapy to the early postoperative period, and to continue it under laboratory control up to normalization of the indices of hemodynamics and microcirculation.

[Use of the NBT test for evaluating the sensitivity of neutrophils to stimulants]. / Primenenie NST-testa dlia otsenki chuvstvitel'nosti neitrofilov k stimuliatoram.

Sensitivity of the blood neutrophils of healthy subjects and of patients suffering from persistent bronchitis to different stimulants has been examined. The studies have revealed that the neutrophils of normal subjects and patients show different sensitivity to various stimulants which in fact can be of use in choosing a certain stimulant for immunotherapy.

Effect of the activation of macrophages on the course of regeneration of rat liver following partial hepatectomy.

Stimulation of the Kupffer cells with E. coli endotoxin (the purified lipopolysaccharide) or with prodigiosan (a polysaccharide from Serratia marcescens) 24 h before partial hepatectomy (resection of 65-70% of the liver) stimulated and intensified the onset of liver regenerative activity (evaluated from changes in liver DNA synthesis, the H5 labelling index and the mitotic activity of the hepatocytes). Liver DNA synthesis increased together with the dose of endotoxin (i.v., from 25 to 1000 micrograms/kg body weight). If E. coli endotoxin was injected during or 3 h after partial hepatectomy, partial inhibition of liver DNA synthesis was observed. In mice stimulated with zymosan (a polysaccharide isolated from yeast), administered 5 days before performing partial hepatectomy, proliferation of the hepatocytes (evaluated from changes in the 3H labelling index and in the mitotic activity of the hepatocytes) was evaluated. The results confirm that proliferation is correlated to the state of reactivity of the Kupffer cells.

[Liver regeneration at different stages of mononuclear infiltration induced by zymosan granules]. / Regeneratsiia pecheni v raznye periody mononuklearnoi infil'tratsii, indutsirovannoi zimozanovymi granulami.

The relationship between regeneration of the liver of (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice and the degree of its mononuclear infiltration was studied. Resection of the 2/3 of the liver mass was performed 1 and 5 days and 2 months after zymosan-induced mononuclear infiltration. The synthesis of DNA and mitotic activity of hepatocytes in the liver with infiltrations was higher as compared with control. The rate of liver regeneration was dependent on the scope of the mononuclear infiltration, reaching a maximum provided liver resection was made 5 days after injection of zymosan granules.

[Dependence of mononuclear infiltration of the liver on hepatocyte proliferation]. / Zavisimost' mononuklearnoi infil'tratsii pecheni ot proliferatsii gepatotsitov.

Partial liver resection (two-thirds) performed in (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice 2-4 or 24 h after intravenous injection of 2 mg zymozan led to retardation of the formation of mononuclear infiltrates in the liver and the lung. In control sham-operated animals, the first signs of infiltration appeared on the 2nd, whereas in mice with partial liver resection ( PLR ) on the 5th day after zymozan -induced stimulation of liver macrophages. If mice underwent PLR 5 days after zymozan injection, the preformed mononuclear infiltrates experienced the reverse development. PLR did not abolish monocytosis which was observed after zymozan injection. On the other hand, when mice received hydrocortisone in a dose of 125 mg/kg, the zymozan -induced infiltration in the liver as well as monocytosis were blocked. It is assumed that depression of mononuclear infiltration in the liver and the lung after liver resection is linked with a specific effect of proliferating hepatocytes rather than with the stress-induced mobilization of glucocorticoids.

[Derepression of hepatocyte proliferation with changes in the functional state of the reticuloendothelial system]. / Rastormazhavanie proliferatsii gepatsitov pri izmenenii funktsional'nogo sostoianiia retikuloéndotelial'noi sistemy.

Experiments on rats and mice were performed to study the effects of different substances modifying RES functions on hepatocyte proliferation. It was shown that as early as 24 hours after Kupffer cell (KC) overloading with colloidal iron particles the number of hepatocytes in mitosis increased. The mitotic rate increased by 32 h and decreased between 48 and 72 h following iron injection. Forty-eight h after injection of latex particles the hepatocyte mitotic peak could be identified. Twenty-four and 48 h after zymozan injection DNA synthesis in sinusoidal liver cells correspondingly increased. Hepatocytes in mitosis appeared 5 days later, reaching the peak value after 9 days followed by a decrease 12 days after zymozan injection. The depression of the hepatocyte mitotic rate was also observed 9 days after BCG and 15 days after prodigiozan injection. The data are suggestive of the importance of KC as potential inducers of hepatocyte proliferation.

[Compensatory processes after unilateral cutting of the brachia of the posterior colliculi in cats]. / Osobennosti kompensatornykh protsessov posle odnostoronnei pererezki ruchek zadnego dvukholmiia u koshek.

The ability for spatial analysis of stimuli of various sensory modalities was studied in cats with a unilateral section of the brachia of the posterior colliculi. To study the possible mechanisms of compensation of localization function in different periods following the brachia section, cortical evoked potentials to sound and light were recorded, and various areas of the neocortex removed (the temporal, parietal or sensorimotor). It was suggested that after a unilateral section of the brachia, compensation of localization of non-acoustic stimuli is linked with the recovery of interhemispheric functional symmetry within the corresponding analyser systems; localization of sound stimuli is restored primarily due to activation of the temporal neocortex in the intact hemisphere, i.e. involvement of one-hemisphere binaural mechanism.

[Reactive changes in liver stroma following zymosan administration]. / Reaktivnye izmeneniia stromy pecheni pri vvedenii zimozana.

Male (CBA x C57BI)F1 mice weighing 18-22 g received zymosan intravenously in a dose of 2 mg. After 2 days numerous mononuclear foci could be seen in the liver. Most cells from the infiltrates were strongly acid phosphatase-positive. The slice surface under the infiltrates gradually increased and 5 days after zymosan injection occupied 25% of the total slice surface. The number of the infiltrates increased almost 5-fold from the 2d to the 5th day of experiment. Liver infiltration was accompanied by pronounced monocytosis. Activation of any type of liver sinusoidal cells was revealed by electron microscopy. The evidence obtained shows that activated Kupffer macrophages may give rise to the formation of liver mononuclear infiltrates.