Open or closed abdomen post laparotomy to control severe abdominal sepsis: a survival analysis.

INTRODUCTION: severe abdominal sepsis, accompained by diffuse peritonitis, poses a significant challenge for most surgeons. It often requires repetitive surgical interventions, leading to complications and resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. The open abdomen technique, facilitated by applying a negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT), reduces the duration of the initial surgical procedure, minimizes the accumulation of secretions and inflammatory mediators in the abdominal cavity and lowers the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome and its associated complications. Another approach is primary closure of the abdominal aponeurosis, which involves suturing the layers of the abdominal wall. METHODS: the objective of this study is to conduct a survival analysis comparing the treatment of severe abdominal sepsis using open abdomen technique versus primary closure after laparotomy in a public hospital in the South of Brazil. We utilized data extracted from electronic medical records to perform both descriptive and survival analysis, employing the Kaplan-Meier curve and a log-rank test. RESULTS: the study sample encompassed 75 laparotomies conducted over a span of 5 years, with 40 cases employing NPWT and 35 cases utilizing primary closure. The overall mortality rate observed was 55%. Notably, survival rates did not exhibit statistical significance when comparing the two methods, even after stratifying the data into separate analysis groups for each technique. CONCLUSION: recent publications on this subject have reported some favorable outcomes associated with the open abdomen technique underscoring the pressing need for a standardized approach to managing patients with severe, complicated abdominal sepsis.

[Use of health service to children under five years of age in Southern Brazil]. / Utilização de serviços de saúde por menores de cinco anos no extremo Sul do Brasil.

To identify the main determinants of health services utilization by children under five years of age, a population-based study using systematic sampling was conducted in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Twelve previously trained interviewers applied a standardized home questionnaire to mothers in order to obtain data on living conditions, medical consultations, and hospitalization for children under five years of age. Among 514 children covered by the study, 50% had required consultation with a physician in the previous three months and 11% had been hospitalized in the previous twelve months. Acute respiratory infection was responsible for almost two-thirds of the consultations and half of the hospitalizations. After adjusting the analysis for several confounders, the most important determinants were children's age, father's schooling, and type of home construction. Identification of these factors can contribute to adequate planning of future health interventions and to reach children in the community who need but have not received health care.

Utilização de serviços de saúde por menores de cinco anos no extremo Sul do Brasil / Determinants of hospitalization among children under five years of age in Southern Brazil

Para avaliar os principais determinantes da utilização de serviços de saúde por menores de cinco anos, um estudo de base populacional por amostragem sistemática foi realizado no extremo sul do Brasil. Doze entrevistadores previamente treinados aplicaram questionários padronizados às mães sobre variáveis demográficas, sócio-econômicas e ambientais da família e padrão de morbidade e utilização de serviços de saúde entre estas criancas. Dentre os 514 menores de cinco anos estudados, metade foi levado à consulta médica nos últimos três meses e 11,5 por cento foram hospitalizados nos útimos 12 meses. As infecções respiratórias responderam por cerca de dois terços das consultas médicas e praticamente metade das hospitalizações. Após ajuste para diversos fatores de confusão, os principais determinantes da utilização de serviços de saúde foram: idade da criança, escolaridade do pai e tipo de moradia. A identificação desses determinantes e das principais características dos seus usuários podem auxiliar no planejamento de futuras ações em saúde e no alcance daquelas crianças que necessitam de cuidados em saúde, mas que não fazem uso dele.