RESUMEN
We report here the identification and characterization of a novel human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DPB1 allele that was subsequently named HLA-DPB1*0302 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee. HLA-DPB1*0302 was identified in a single Sicilian individual by a combination of sequence-specific primers, reverse line sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing and DNA sequencing-based typing. The DPB1*0302 allele is most similar to the DPB1*3101 allele, differing by a single mismatch at nucleotide position 301 (T to G).
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Antígenos HLA-DP/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN/química , Exones , Cadenas beta de HLA-DP , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oligonucleótidos/genética , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , SiciliaRESUMEN
The application of DNA-based methods for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping has revealed an ever-increasing degree of polymorphism within the HLA-DRB loci and has resulted in the discovery of new alleles. We have identified a new DRB1 allele that was subsequently named DRB1*1360 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee. This allele is unusual for a DRB1*13 allele, as it is present on a DRB5 haplotype rather than the normal DRB3 haplotype found in association with DRB1*13 alleles.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil , Cadenas HLA-DRB1 , Cadenas HLA-DRB5 , Haplotipos , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Homología de SecuenciaRESUMEN
We have identified a new HLA-B*15 allele and a new HLA-DRB1*12 allele, named B*1568 and DRB1*1208, respectively. The alleles were identified using a combination of sequence specific primers, reverse line sequence specific oligonucleotide probing and sequence-based typing. Both alleles were identified in a single individual of Korean origin. HLA-B*1568 appears to be an HLA-B*4801/B*1507 hybrid combining the exon 2 sequence of B*4801 and the exon 3 and 4 sequences of B*1507. Exon 2 of DRB1*1208 was most similar to DRB1*1201 or 1206, with a single mismatch at nucleotide position 165 (A to C). At the protein level, this substitution results in a phenylalanine substitution at position 26 that creates an identical amino acid sequence to DRB3*0202 between amino acid positions 17 and 36.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Exones , Antígeno HLA-B15 , Cadenas HLA-DRB1 , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Datos de Secuencia MolecularAsunto(s)
Asociación , Condicionamiento Clásico , Animales , Condicionamiento Operante , Modelos Teóricos , RatasRESUMEN
For two pigeons, behavior was compared in equivalent two-link chained and tandem schedules in which 100 responses were required for food reinforcement but the responses required in the two links of the chained schedule were varied over the values 2-98, 50-50, and 98-2. Initial pausing, response rate in each link, and the total time to complete each ratio were recorded. In chained components, initial-link pausing (for both birds) and total time to complete the ratio (for one bird) were generally shorter when the response requirement was 2-98 than when it was 50-50 or 98-2; for terminal-link pausing this relationship was reversed for both birds. There were also systematic changes in behavior in tandem components, and in the relationship between behavior in chained and tandem components. The results are discussed in terms of conditioned reinforcement.