Dual modification of phosphate toward improving electrochemical performance of LiNiO2 cathode materials.

Lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2) cathode materials are featured with high capacity and low cost for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries but suffer from severe structure and interface instability. Bulk doping together with surface coating has been proven to be an efficient approach to improve the inner structure and interfacial stability of the LiNiO2 cathode material. Nevertheless, the role of anion doping seems to be quite different from that of cation doping, and a deep insight will be desirable for the structure design of the LiNiO2 cathode material. In this paper, PO43--doped and Li3PO4-coating of dual modification of LiNiO2 are achieved via a facile approach. It is demonstrated that the PO43- anions are doped into the tetrahedron vacant sites of the crystal structure, alleviating the phase transition and improving the reversibility of crystal structure. Besides, the Li3PO4 coating layer ameliorates the interface stability to restrain the side reactions. Therefore, the dual modification enhances overall structural stability of the material to provide excellent performance. Moreover, the consumption of the Li residues by the formation of Li3PO4 coating layer, and the enlarged interlayer spacing of the crystal structure by PO43- doping can facilitate the Li+ ions diffusion, resulting in a superior rate capability.

Phytosterol-mediated glycerosomes combined with peppermint oil enhance transdermal delivery of lappaconitine by modulating the lipid composition of the stratum corneum.

Although the introduction of glycerosomes has enriched strategies for efficient transdermal drug delivery, the inclusion of cholesterol as a membrane stabilizer has limited their clinical application. The current study describes the development and optimization of a new type of glycerosome (S-glycerosome) that is formed in glycerol solution with ß-sitosterol as the stabilizer. Moreover, the transdermal permeation properties of lappaconitine (LA)-loaded S-glycerosomes and peppermint oil (PO)-mediated S-glycerosomes (PO-S-glycerosomes) are evaluated, and the lipid alterations in the stratum corneum are analyzed via lipidomics. The LA-loaded S-glycerosomes prepared by the preferred formulation from the uniform design have a mean size of 145.3 ± 7.81 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 73.14 ± 0.35%. Moreover, the addition of PO positively impacts transdermal flux, peaking at 0.4% (w/v) PO. Tracing of the fluorescent probe P4 further revealed that PO-S-glycerosomes penetrate deeper into the skin than S-glycerosomes and conventional liposomes. Additionally, treatment with PO-S-glycerosomes alters the isoform type, number, and composition of sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids in the stratum corneum, with the most notable effect observed for ceramides, the main component of sphingolipids. Furthermore, the transdermal administration of LA-loaded PO-S-glycerosomes improved the treatment efficacy of xylene-induced inflammation in mice without skin irritation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of ß-sitosterol as a stabilizer in glycerosomes. Additionally, the inclusion of PO improves the transdermal permeation of S-glycerosomes, potentially by altering the stratum corneum lipids.

Ion-Diffusion Management Enables All-Interface Defect Passivation of Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated over 25% power conversion efficiency (PCE) via efficient surface passivation. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art perovskite post-treatment strategies can solely heal the top interface defects. Herein, an ion-diffusion management strategy is proposed to concurrently modulate the top interfaces, buried interfaces, and bulk interfaces (i.e., grain boundaries) of perovskite film, enabling all-interface defect passivation. Specifically, this method is enabled by applying double interactive salts of octylammonium iodide (OAI) and guanidinium chloride (GACl) onto the 3D perovskite surface. It is revealed that the hydrogen-bonding interaction between OA+ and GA+ decelerates the OA+ diffusion and therefore forms a dimensionally broadened 2D capping layer. Additionally, the diffusion of GA+ and Cl- determines the composition of the bulk and buried interface of PSCs. As a result, n-inter-i-inter-p, i.e., five-layer structured PSCs can be obtained with a champion PCE of 25.43% (certified 24.4%). This approach also enables the substantially improved operational stability of perovskite solar cells.

Dissolved-Cl2 triggered redox reaction enables high-performance perovskite solar cells.

Constructing 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions is effective for the surface passivation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, previous reports that studying perovskite post-treatment only physically deposits 2D perovskite on the 3D perovskite, and the bulk 3D perovskite remains defective. Herein, we propose Cl2-dissolved chloroform as a multifunctional solvent for concurrently constructing 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction and inducing the secondary growth of the bulk grains. The mechanism of how Cl2 affects the performance of PSCs is clarified. Specifically, the dissolved Cl2 reacts with the 3D perovskite, leading to Cl/I ionic exchange and Ostwald ripening of the bulk grains. The generated Cl- further diffuses to passivate the bulk crystal and buried interface of PSCs. Hexylammonium bromide dissolved in the solvent reacts with the residual PbI2 to form 2D/3D heterojunctions on the surface. As a result, we achieved high-performance PSCs with a champion efficiency of 24.21% and substantially improved thermal, ambient, and operational stability.

Impact Mechanisms of Humic Acid on the Transmembrane Transport of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Wheat at the Subcellular Level: The Important Role of Slow-Type Anion Channels.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have potential to accumulate in crops and pose health risks to humans, but it is unclear how the widely present organic matters in soil, such as humic acid (HA), affect their uptake and translocation in plants. In this study, hydroponic experiments were conducted to systematically disclose the impacts of HA on the uptake, translocation, and transmembrane transport at the subcellular level of four PFASs, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results of the uptake and depuration experiments indicated that HA depressed the adsorption and absorption of PFASs in wheat roots by reducing the bioavailability of PFASs, and HA did not affect the long-range transport of PFASs to be eliminated via the phloem of wheat. However, HA facilitated their transmembrane transport in wheat roots, while the contrary effect was observed in the shoots. The inhibitor experiments coupled with transcriptomics analysis uncover that the increased transmembrane transport of PFASs stimulated by HA is mainly driven by the slow-type anion channel pathways interacting with Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (Ca2+-CDPK-SLAC1). The promoted transmembrane transport of PFASs might cause adverse effects on the plant cell wall, which causes further concerns.

CoO embedded porous biomass-derived carbon as dual-functional host material for lithium-sulfur batteries.

A new strategy is developed to fabricate sulfur electrode by infusing sulfur into a conductive biochar decorated with highly dispersed CoO nanoparticles. The loading of the CoO nanoparticles, as the active sites for reactions, is efficiently increased by using the microwave-assisted diffusion method. It is demonstrated that biochar can serve as an excellent conductive framework to effectively activate sulfur. Simultaneously, the CoO nanoparticles possessing excellent capability to adsorb polysulfides can remarkably alleviate the dissolution of polysulfides, and greatly enhance the conversion kinetics between the polysulfides and Li2S2/Li2S in the charge/discharge processes. The sulfur electrode dual-functionalized with biochar and CoO nanoparticles exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including high initial discharge specific capacity of 930.5 mAh g-1 and low capacity decay rate of 0.069 % per cycle during 800 cycles at 1C rate. It is particularly interesting that the CoO nanoparticles distinctively enhance the Li+ diffusion during the charge process, endowing the material with excellent high-rate charging performance. This could be beneficial for the development of Li-S batteries with fast charging feature.

Cobalt-free nickel-rich cathode materials based on Al/Mg co-doping of LiNiO2 for lithium ion battery.

To develop Co-free LiNiO2-based layered cathode materials is crucial for meeting the demands of the lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, long cycling life, and low cost. Herein, the LiNi1-x-yAlxMgyO2 materials are synthesized by the solid-solid interface elemental interdiffusion strategy. It is elucidated that the Mg2+ and Al3+ ions are mainly doped in the Li slabs and transition metal slabs, respectively, leading to the alteration of the crystal lattice. Furthermore, the incorporation of the Mg2+ ions may induce more Ni2+ ions formed in the transition metal slabs, which would have great impact on the electrochemical performance of the materials. The LiNi1-x-yAlxMgyO2 materials with optimized Mg/Al co-doping exhibit much better electrochemical performance than the pristine LiNiO2 and Al-doped LiNiO2 materials, including cycling stability and rate capability. The in-situ XRD characterization and structural analysis show that stabilization of the crystal structure, preservation of the integrity of the secondary particles, and enlargement of the interlayer spacing by the Mg/Al co-doping are the main factors responsible for the superior performance of the materials. The Mg/Al co-doping strategy might be the promising approach for the design of the cobalt-free nickel-rich materials.

Different Sources, Fractionation, and Migration of Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances between Greenhouse and Open-Field Soils.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely present in agricultural soils, but their sources and fate in greenhouse soils remain unclear. In this study, the sources, fractionation, and migration of PFASs were compared in the greenhouse and open-field soils of the Fen-Wei Plain, China. The total concentrations of PFASs (Σ17PFAS) were comparable in the greenhouse and open-field soils but with different profiles. Detrended correspondence and correlation analyses indicated that dry deposition was an important source of PFASs in the open-field soils, whereas surface water had a notable contribution to the greenhouse soils due to more frequent irrigation. The PFASs in the soils were mainly present in water-soluble fraction (F1). The F1 proportions of short-chain and long-chain PFASs were negatively correlated with the anion exchange capacity (AEC) and organic carbon content (foc) in soil, respectively, with that of short-chain PFASs being higher than long-chain ones. The AEC was significantly higher while foc was lower in the greenhouse soil than the open-field soil, leading to lower proportions of F1 for short-chain PFASs while higher for long-chain ones in the greenhouse soil. Frequent irrigation and elevated temperatures promoted the migration of PFASs in greenhouse soil; thus, the Σ17PFAS and F1 exhibited an increasing trend with soil depth.

Who really benefits from intraperitoneal chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer? A treatment-free survival analysis of the AICE trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether peritoneal disease extent can predict the survival benefit of intraperitoneal/intravenous (IP/IV) chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. DESIGN: A treatment-free survival (TFS) analysis. SETTING: Five-centre trial. POPULATION: An extended follow-up of the Additional Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Etoposide in ovarian cancer (AICE) trial (NCT01669226), with data cut-off on 27 August 2020. Patients were categorised into subgroups with high tumour burden (HTB) and low tumour burden (LTB). METHODS: Overall survival (OS) was divided into time on protocol treatment exposure (T), time free of subsequent treatment or death (TFS) and time after the first subsequent therapy (REL). TFS analyses and quality-adjusted OS were calculated by multiplying the mean time in each health state by its assigned utility: quality-adjusted OS = ut  × T + TFS + urel  × REL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The area under each Kaplan-Meier curve was estimated using the 96-month restricted mean time, with threshold utility analyses used to illustrate quality-adjusted OS comparisons. RESULTS: In the HTB subgroup, the restricted mean TFS was 33.9 months and 18.7 months in the IP/IV and IV groups, respectively (p = 0.005), with a significant quality-adjusted OS gain (13.2-16.0 months). In the LTB subgroup, IP/IV therapy yielded no survival benefit in either TFS (p = 0.268) or quality-adjusted OS (range: 1.4-6.3 months). CONCLUSIONS: Both TFS and quality-adjusted OS was longer across all utility weight values with IP/IV than with standard IV therapy in the HTB subgroup, whereas patients in the LTB subgroup did not benefit from the therapy. The tumour burden of ovarian cancer should be assessed before deciding on IP/IV versus IV treatment.

Underlying Mechanisms for Low-Molecular-Weight Dissolved Organic Matter to Promote Translocation and Transformation of Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonate in Wheat.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) such as fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) in soil considerably affects the fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). However, the effect of DOM on their behavior in plants remains unclear. Herein, hydroponic experiments indicate that FA and HA reduce the accumulation of an emerging PFAS of high concern, 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), in wheat roots by reducing its bioavailability in the solution. Nevertheless, FA with low molecular weight (MW) promotes its absorption and translocation from the roots to the shoots by stimulating the activity and the related genes of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, whereas high-MW HA shows the opposite effect. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that 6:2 Cl-PFESA undergoes reductive dechlorination, which is regulated mainly using nitrate reductase and glutathione transferase. HA and FA, particularly the latter, promote the dechlorination of 6:2 Cl-PFESA in wheat by enhancing electron transfer efficiency and superoxide production. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that FA also stimulates catalytic activity, cation binding, and oxidoreductase activity, facilitating 6:2 Cl-PFESA transformation in wheat.

O/W microemulsion droplets diffuse through hydrogel network to achieve enhanced transdermal drug delivery.

To overcome the poor water solubility of total flavones of Arisaematis rhizoma, microemulsions (MEs) can be used as a carrier for transdermal administration to promote their solubilization and skin permeability. Here, we investigated the physical compatibility of MEs in hydrogels and their skin permeation-enhancing effects. Transparency of microemulsion-based hydrogels (MBGs) was analyzed to evaluate ME compatibility with different hydrogel matrices. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to explore the microstructures of MBGs and ME-hydrogel combinations. Uniform and transparent MBG was obtained by adding 1% sodium hyaluronate (SH) to the optimized ME. MBG prepared with SH as a matrix expressed pseudoplastic-fluid and shear-thinning characteristics, making it easy to apply in clinical settings. No new FTIR peak occurred in the MBG compared with ME and hydrogel matrix, indicating a physical combination of ME and the polymer network gel. Nanoscale droplets of ME migrated in the gel network, and the migration capacity and in vitro transdermal permeation flux negatively correlated with SH concentration in the gel system. In conclusion, in MBGs, ME can keep nanoscale droplets migrating in the hydrogel network, thereby enhancing transdermal drug delivery.

MLife: a lite framework for machine learning lifecycle initialization.

Machine learning (ML) lifecycle is a cyclic process to build an efficient ML system. Though a lot of commercial and community (non-commercial) frameworks have been proposed to streamline the major stages in the ML lifecycle, they are normally overqualified and insufficient for an ML system in its nascent phase. Driven by real-world experience in building and maintaining ML systems, we find that it is more efficient to initialize the major stages of ML lifecycle first for trial and error, followed by the extension of specific stages to acclimatize towards more complex scenarios. For this, we introduce a simple yet flexible framework, MLife, for fast ML lifecycle initialization. This is built on the fact that data flow in MLife is in a closed loop driven by bad cases, especially those which impact ML model performance the most but also provide the most value for further ML model development-a key factor towards enabling enterprises to fast track their ML capabilities. Better yet, MLife is also flexible enough to be easily extensible to more complex scenarios for future maintenance. For this, we introduce two real-world use cases to demonstrate that MLife is particularly suitable for ML systems in their early phases.

Paclitaxel and naringenin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles surface modified with cyclic peptides with improved tumor targeting ability in glioblastoma multiforme.

The present work describes the systematic development of paclitaxel and naringenin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). So far only temozolomide therapy is available for the GBM treatment, which fails by large amount due to poor brain permeability of the drug and recurrent metastasis of the tumor. Thus, we investigated the drug combination containing paclitaxel and naringenin for the treatment of GBM, as these drugs have individually demonstrated significant potential for the management of a wide variety of carcinoma. A systematic product development approach was adopted where risk assessment was performed for evaluating the impact of various formulation and process parameters on the quality attributes of the SLNs. I-optimal response surface design was employed for optimization of the dual drug-loaded SLNs prepared by micro-emulsification method, where Percirol ATO5 and Dynasan 114 were used as the solid lipid and surfactant, while Lutrol F188 was used as the stabilizer. Drug loaded-SLNs were subjected to detailed in vitro and in vivo characterization studies. Cyclic RGD peptide sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp) was added to the formulation to obtain the surface modified SLNs which were also evaluated for the particle size and surface charge. The optimized drug-loaded SLNs exhibited particle size and surface charge of 129 nm and 23 mV, drug entrapment efficiency >80% and drug loading efficiency >7%. In vitro drug release study carried out by micro dialysis bag method indicated more than 70% drug was release observed within 8 h time period. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in drug absorption parameters (Cmax and AUC) from the optimized SLNs over the free drug suspension. Cytotoxicity evaluation on U87MG glioma cells indicated SLNs with higher cytotoxicity as compared to that of the free drug suspension (p < 0.05). Evaluation of uptake by florescence measurement indicated superior uptake of SLNs tagged with dye over the plain dye solution. Overall, the dual drug-loaded SLNs showed better chemoprotective effect over the plain drug solution, thus construed superior anticancer activity of the developed nanoformulation in the management of glioblastoma multiforme.

The key environmental influencing factors for the change of sediment bacterial community and antibiotics resistance genes in a long-term polluted lake, China.

In order to investigate the key environmental influencing factors for the change of sediment bacterial community structure (BCS) and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in a long-term Quinolone antibiotics (QNs) and heavy metals (HMs) polluted lake, 16S rRNA MiSeq High-throughput Sequencing and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis methods were applied. Baiyangdian lake was subdivided into three habitats: (1) Habitat 1: greatly influenced by municipal wastewater; (2) Habitat 2: mainly impacted by aquaculture sewage and domestic wastewater; and (3) Habitat 3: with the least human activities. Through One-way ANOVA analysis, the results showed that most of QNs and HMs showed significant difference among three habitats. Both the highest richness and diversity indices of bacterial community appeared in Habitat 3. The abundance of Multidrug, Phenicol, Aminoglycoside, Teracycline, and Quinolone ARGs exhibited the highest values in Habitat 1, while the abundance of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLS), Rifamycinm, and Sulfonamide ARGs appeared the highest values in Habitat 2. The result of redundancy analysis exhibited that 68.8% and 93.8% of the change in BCS and ARGs can be explained by environmental factors, respectively. Pb (explained 37.5% (p = 0.002)) and Fleroxacin (FLE) (explained 51.3% (p = 0.026)) were the most important factors for the variation of BCS and ARGs, respectively. Therefore, the effects of antibiotics and HMs on BCS and ARGs should be simultaneously paid more attention. Furthermore, the ARGs results by PICRUSt were similar to the results by metagenomic shotgun sequencing analysis, thus the PICRUSt analysis method can be used in the future research.

The complete chloroplast genome of the extremely drought-resistant plant Primulina ophiopogoides.

Primulina ophiopogoides is a perennial herb of Gesneriaceae distributed on the limestone rocks. Here, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. ophiopogoides was assembled and characterized. The cp genome is in a total length of 152,718 bp with the typical quadripartite structure, containing 2 inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,472 bp separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,615 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,159 bp. The whole cp genome of P. ophiopogoides contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs genes, and 8 rRNAs. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that P. ophiopogoides displayed a closer kinship to Primulina linearifolia.

[Bioaccumulation Characteristics of Quinolones (QNs) in Dominant Fish Species and Their Correlation with Environmental Factors in Baiyangdian Lake].

In recent years, quinolone antibiotics (QNs), which easily bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, have been widely detected in lake ecosystems, and the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer behavior are obviously spatiotemporally different. In this study, the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer behavior of fourteen QNs in nine dominant fish species were studied, the correlation with environmental factors was analyzed, and the health risk of QNs was evaluated in Baiyangdian Lake. The results showed that the mass concentrations of ∑QNs in water varied from 0.7400 to 1590 ng·L-1. Furthermore, the detected frequencies of flumequine (FLU), oxolinic acid (OXO), and ofloxacin (OFL) were higher, and the average mass concentration of FLU was the highest. The content of ∑QNs in fish ranged from 17.1 to 146 ng·g-1, and the average contents of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and OFL were higher. The bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were in the range of 96.2 (BAFMAR)-489 (BAFCIP) L·kg-1, indicating the bioaccumulation of QNs was low in dominant fish species. The trophic magnification factors (TMF) of five QNs (enrofloxacin (ENR), FLU, marbofloxacin (MAR), norfloxacin (NOR), and OFL) varied from 0.714 (TMFMAR) to 1.33 (TMFENR), indicating ENR exhibited trophic magnification, while FLU, MAR, and ∑QNs exhibited trophic dilution. The results of correlation analysis between environmental parameters and BAF/TMF showed that pH, T, SD, DO, COD, TP, TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N, and PO43--P were significantly related to the bioaccumulation of QNs in fish. The results of human health risk showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) of CIP (0.0040-0.026) was significantly higher than that of other QNs (≤ 0.0050), and the hazard indices (HI) ranged from 0.0010 to 0.035, indicating a high level of health risk. Therefore, to reduce the health risk, the standard and residue limits of QNs should be set in Baiyangdian Lake.

A preoperative prediction model for predicting coexisting adnexa malignancy of patients with G1/G2 endometrioid endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of coexisting adnexa malignancy (CAM) before surgery for patients with G1/G2 endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC). METHODS: Patients with G1/G2 EEC who received surgery in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 1996 to 2017 were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the predictors for CAM, and the nomogram was constructed and evaluated the discrimination and calibration. RESULTS: Among the 1511 patients in the study cohort, 66 (4.4%) coexisted adnexa malignancy (51 metastatic and 15 synchronous primaries). In the univariate logistic regression analysis, CA125 level (>35 U/ml), histologic grades, myometrial invasion depth in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), adnexal involvement in MRI/surgical exploration (SEP) were found to be significant predictors for CAM (P < .001, 0.047, 0.011, <0.001, respectively). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that high CA125 level (P < .001; OR: 2.945; 95%CI: 1.700-5.101), deep myometrial invasion (P = .011; OR: 2.194; 95%CI: 1.200-4.011), and suspected adnexal involvement in MRI/SEP (P < .001; OR: 11.524; 95%CI: 6.726-19.744) were independent predictors for CAM (AUC = 0.786). In 338 patients with MMR results, eighty-seven (25.7%) were detected MSI-high. There were 5.7% (5/87) patients diagnosed with CAM in the MSI-high group compared with 4.4% (11/251) in the MSS group. CONCLUSIONS: A nomogram with pre- and intra-operative factors was constructed to predict CAM in G1/G2 EEC patients, which may help clinicians in decision-making for ovarian preservation for these patients.

Temperature-sensitive gel-loaded composite nanomedicines for the treatment of cervical cancer by vaginal delivery.

In this study, toad venom (TV) and realgar were loaded into a poloxamer 188/407 (F127/F188)-based temperature-sensitive in situ gel (TISG) and encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (TV-SLN) or ground nano-realgar (NR) to improve drug release and reduce local irritation after vaginal administration. The combination of TV-SLN and NR (TV-SLN/NR) greatly enhanced the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and was most effective at a dose ratio of 2:3 (w/w). After TV-SLN/NR treatment, S and G0/G1 phase arrest were observed in HeLa and SKOV-3 cells and the inhibitory effects on proliferation were stronger than those in the conventional powder group. The gelation temperature of TV-SLN and NR-loaded TISG (TV-SLN/NR-TISG) using the selected formulation was 33 ± 0.91 °C. The cumulative release of the drug increased as the dissolution of gel progressed, showing a linear relationship (r > 0.99). TV-SLN/NR-TISG enabled the sustained release of cargo by adhesion to the vaginal mucosa and showed excellent biocompatibility during continuous administration for 7 days. We specifically demonstrated the effectiveness of the TISG for the vaginal delivery of TV-SLN and NR, supporting its important clinical implications for the treatment of cervical cancer.

Bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and human health risk of quinolones antibiotics in the benthic food web from a macrophyte-dominated shallow lake, North China.

The bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of 12 Quinolones (QNs) have been studied in a macrophyte dominated lake-Baiyangdian Lake, China. QNs concentrations were detected in surface water, sediments, and 25 biological samples. The average concentrations of QNs varied from 3.01 ng/L for Oxolinic Acid (OXO) to 174 ng/L for Flumequine (FLU) in water, 3.28 ng/g (dry weight, dw) for OXO to 97.0 ng/g (dw) for FLU in sediments, and from 2.88 ng/g (dw) for Pipemidic Acid (PIP) to 37.7 ng/g (dw) for FLU in biological samples. The values of bioconcentration factors (BCFs) or bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) (in the range of 98.0-723 L/kg) and biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAFs) (in the range of 0.000300-0.124) were indicated that low bioaccumulation ability of target QNs in biological species. Due to the detected frequencies of FLU, Enrofloxacin (ENR), Norfloxacin (NOR), and Ofloxacin (OFL) were higher than 50%, the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) values for those QNs were calculated from three different habitats. The TMFs for those QNs were ranged from 0.840 to 1.10. Thereinto, ENR and NOR were appeared trophic magnification, while FLU and OFL were appeared trophic dilution in the food web of Baiyangdian Lake. Although the TMFs values of QNs were not showed significantly difference among three habitats, the TMFs values of those QNs showed significantly difference between the foodweb with macrophyte species and without macrophyte species. Except FLU, the other TMFs values of these QNs without macrophyte species (in the range of 0.700-1.01) were lower than the TMFs for QNs with macrophyte species. Finally, the results of human health risk for QNs suggested that consumption of fish from Baiyangdian Lake with a considerable risk, thus more standard and residue limits of QNs should be set to decrease the human health risk around this region. CAPSULE ABSTRACT: The spatial variation of bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and human health risk for 12 QNs has been studied in the benthic foodweb from a macrophyte-dominated shallow lake.