Research on Hydrogen-Induced Induced Cracking Sensitivity of X80 Pipeline Steel under Different Heat Treatments.

X80 pipeline steel has played a vital role in oil and gas transportation in recent years. However, hydrogen-related issues frequently lead to pipeline failures during service, resulting in significant losses of properties and lives. Three heat treatment processes (furnace cooling (FC), air cooling (AC), and water cooling (WC)) were carried out to investigate the effect of different microstructures on hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) susceptibility of X80 pipeline steel. The WC sample demonstrated the highest hydrogen embrittlement index, registering at 21.9%, while the AC and FC samples exhibited progressively lower values of 15.45% and 10.98%, respectively. Under equivalent hydrogen charging durations, crack dimensions with a maximum length exceeding 30 µm in the WC sample generally exceed those in the FC sample and AC sample. The variation is attributed to the difference in microstructures of the samples, predominantly lath bainite (LB) in water-cooled samples, granular bainite (GB) in air-cooled samples, and ferrite/pearlite (F/P) in FC samples. The research results demonstrate that the sensitivity of lath bainite (LB) to HIC is significantly higher than that of pearlite, ferrite, and granular bainite (GB). The presence of a large amount of martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents within bainite results in a multitude of hydrogen trap sites. HIC cracks in bainite generally propagate along the profiles of M/A constituents, showing both intergranular and transgranular cracking modes.

Effect of preoperative prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss control in patients undergoing cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the important risk factors leading to maternal mortality and intervention is essential. Oxytocin therapy is widely used clinically, but the effect is unsatisfactory. The efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in hemostasis is notable, whereas its use in preventing PPH warrants exploration. AIMS: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic administration of TXA on perioperative blood loss in women undergoing cesarean section by systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS: Bibliographic databases were screened from their inception to December 2022 to retrieve relevant studies. Study outcomes including blood loss during cesarean section, 2-h postpartum blood loss, total blood loss (during cesarean section and 2-h postpartum), and 6-h postpartum, as well as hemoglobin changes were extracted and compared. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies, nine randomized clinical trials and 12 cohort studies, involving 1896 patients given TXA prophylactically and 1909 patients given placebo or no treatment, were analyzed. Compared with the control group, the preoperative prophylactic intravenous administration of TXA significantly reduced the intraoperative (RCT: P < 0.00001, cohort studies: P < 0.00001), 2-h postpartum (RCT: P = 0.02, cohort studies: P < 0.00001) and total blood loss (RCT: P < 0.00001, cohort studies: P = 0.0002), and reduced the decline in hemoglobin (RCT: P < 0.00001, cohort studies: P = 0.0001), but did not significantly affect blood loss at 6-h postpartum (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic intravenous TXA before cesarean section is helpful in preventing perioperative bleeding in women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO , identifier: CRD 42022363450.

Comparative safety of infliximab and adalimumab on pregnancy outcomes of women with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review & meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition that affects most of the digestive tract. There is no report of fertility reduction in medically managed IBD women compared with the general population. On the other hand, active IBD can lead to significantly decreased fertility. Over the previous 2 decades, anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) has been an effective treatment for managing patients with IBD, increasing the use of infliximab and adalimumab in clinical practice. However, it is unclear which biologics are better for pregnant women with IBD. AIM: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis for the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes following treatment with infliximab and adalimumab in women with IBD. METHODS: Bibliographic databases were retrieved from their inception to July 2022. The results were adverse pregnancy outcomes, including congenital malformations and spontaneous abortion. RESULTS: A total of 8 studies included 527 pregnant women with IBD. Of these, 343 received infliximab, and 184 received adalimumab therapy. Compared to adalimumab, adverse pregnancy outcomes were not increased in infliximab therapy including congenital malformations and spontaneous abortion. CONCLUSION: Infliximab and adalimumab therapy did not show the difference of risk in adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO , identifier: CRD 42,021,277,869.

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Following Exposure to Biologics in Women With Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Crohn's disease is a chronic disease, which commonly affects women during their reproductive years. Poorly treated Crohn's disease is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Biologics, a group of therapeutic drugs targeting inflammatory mediators including anti-TNF, anti-integrins and anti-interleukins, are increasingly used in pregnant women with Crohn's disease, exposing both the women and their fetuses to treatment-related complications. At present, it is unclear which biologics are more superior. This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with Crohn's disease after exposure to biologics. Bibliographic databases were searched from inception to May 2021. The outcomes of interest were preterm delivery, low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, and congenital abnormalities. A total of 11 studies comprised of 1,875 pregnancies among women with Crohn's disease were included. Of these, 1,162 received biologics and 713 received non-biologic therapy. During the remission phase of the disease, the use of biological therapy increased the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, of which anti-integrins were associated with a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes than anti-TNF and anti-interleukins. Systematic Review Registration: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020191275.

Quantitative Assessment of Abiotic Stress on the Main Functional Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Wheatgrass at Different Seedling Age.

The wheat seedlings of 6 days old were daily subjected to ultraviolet irradiation (irradiating for 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 min/day, respectively), Polyethylene glycol 6000 (5, 10, 15, 20, 25% in 1/2 Hoagland solution, respectively), and salinity solution (10, 25, 50, 100, 200 mM in 1/2 Hoagland solution, respectively), while the control group (CK) was supplied only with the Hoagland solution. The wheatgrass was harvested regularly seven times and the total soluble polysaccharides, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, total polyphenol, total triterpene, total flavonoid, and proanthocyanins content were tested. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthia-zoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability, and ferric ion reducing power. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) mathematical model was adopted to comprehensively assess the functional phytochemicals of the different treatments. The results showed that the accumulation patterns of phytochemicals under abiotic stress were complex and not always upregulated or downregulated. The antioxidant activity and functional phytochemicals content of wheatgrass were significantly affected by both the stress treatments and seedling age, while the latter affected the chemicals more efficiently. The top five highest functional phytochemicals were observed in the 200 mM NaCl treated group on the 21st and 27th day, 25% PEG treated group on the 24th day, 200 mM NaCl treated group on the 24th day, and the group of 40 min/day ultraviolet exposure on 27th day.

Mica Can Alleviate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Reducing Angiotensin II and IL-17A and Increasing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Angiotensin 1-7, and IL-10.

AIM: To explore the treatment effect of mica on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution- (TNBS-) induced colitis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into the control group, the TNBS group, and the mica group. Control mice were treated with saline solution. Experimental colitis was induced by TNBS (250 mg/kg/d) in the TNBS group and the mica group. After modeling, the mica group was treated with mica (180 mg/kg/d) for 3 days, while the TNBS group continued the treatment with TNBS. All solutions were injected intrarectally. During treatment, body weight and mice activity were monitored daily. After treatment, the colon tissues of mice were collected; angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin 1-7 (Ang (1-7)), IL-17A, and IL-10 expression was analyzed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Food intake, activity, and body weight gradually decreased in the TNBS group compared to the control group and the mica group (all P < 0.05). Also, black stool adhesion in the anus and thin and bloody stool were observed in the TNBS group, but not in the other two groups. Moreover, the expression of Ang II, ACE2, Ang (1-7), IL-17A, and IL-10 in the TNBS group increased compared to that in the control group. Compared to the TNBS group, ACE2, Ang (1-7), and IL-10 in the mica group increased, while Ang II and IL-17A decreased (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Mica can alleviate TNBS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the inflammation process; it reduces Ang II and IL-17A and increases ACE2, IL-10, and Ang (1-7).

IRF1-mediated immune cell infiltration is associated with metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that metastasis is chiefly responsible for the poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in regulating this biological process. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify crucial metastasis-related biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment and investigate its association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. METHODS: We obtained gene expression profiles and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. According to the "Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissue using Expression data" algorithm, each sample generated the immune and stromal scores. Following correlation analysis, the metastasis-related gene was identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and validated in the GSE40967 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus. The correlation between metastasis-related gene and infiltrating immune cells was assessed using the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource database. RESULTS: The analysis included 332 patients; the metastatic COAD samples showed a low immune score. Correlation analysis results showed that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Furthermore, significant associations between IRF1 and CD8+ T cells, T cell (general), dendritic cells, T-helper 1 cells, and T cell exhaustion were demonstrated by Spearmans correlation coefficients and P values. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that IRF1 is associated with metastasis and the degree of immune infiltration of CD8+ T cells (general), dendritic cells, T-helper 1 cells, and T cell exhaustion in COAD. These results may provide information for immunotherapy in colon cancer.

Peripheral blood miR-372 as a biomarker for ulcerative colitis via direct targeting of NLRP12.

The present study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and underlying mechanism of microRNA-372 (miR-372) in the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure miR-372 expression levels in the blood and colonic mucosa tissue samples from patients with UC. The present study demonstrated that levels of miR-372 were significantly increased in the blood and colonic mucosa tissue samples from patients with UC compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the level of serum miR-372 was positively correlated with the level of serum c-reactive protein. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that levels of miR-372 detected in serum and tissue samples could be used to screen for patients with UC from healthy controls. These results indicated a potential role of miR-372 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with UC. Furthermore, a conserved miR-372 binding site in the 3'untranslated region of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 12 (NLRP12) was identified. Dual luciferase assay demonstrated that overexpression of miR-372 significantly reduced the relative luciferase activity of pmirGLO-NLRP12-3'UTR compared with control pmirGLO. In addition, western blot analysis indicated that overexpression of miR-372 significantly decreased the protein expression level of NLRP12. Therefore it was hypothesized that miR-372 may promote the progression of UC by suppressing NLRP12 protein expression and thereby inducing the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, high levels of miR-372 detected in peripheral blood samples may serve a role as a potential biomarker to screen potential patients with UC from healthy controls.