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Electron Beam Ion Traps (EBITs) serve as efficient tools for producing and studying highly charged ions. In response to the diagnostic requirements of upcoming magnetic confinement fusion devices, a medium-energy atomic spectra research platform based on a compact EBIT is developed. This platform achieves a central magnetic field of up to 1.0 T, with electron beam currents reaching 20 mA and electron energies up to 30 keV, similar to the electron temperature on fusion reactors. The developed atomic spectra platform successfully provided spectral data for elements such as argon, xenon, iron, and tungsten. This platform stands as a valuable asset for advancing research in nuclear fusion, particularly concerning impurity spectroscopic diagnostics.
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The Laser Blow-Off (LBO) impurity injection system is a crucial tool for studying impurity transport and plasma behavior. Conducting proactive impurity transport research is challenging on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) due to the uncontrollable generation of impurity sources; therefore, it is necessary to develop a laser blow-off impurity injection system for injecting controlled trace impurity particles. This study presents the design and test results of an LBO system for the EAST. The system aims to provide precise and repeatable control over the timing and quantity of impurity injection. The system primarily consists of a laser source, two mirrors, a moveable focusing lens, a target material, and a vacuum system. The movement of the focusing lens is achieved by a three-dimensional displacement system. The operation of the system is completed by a remote control system. With the accurate control system, the laser spot diameter is adjustable, allowing for modification of impurity injection quantity. The test results demonstrate that the system can rapidly detect external trigger signals and ensure precise timing for the impurity injection. Furthermore, this system can also quickly change the focal point of the laser spot, addressing the requirements for impurity injections during the experiments with less than 0.4 mm position error for laser spot focusing. Test results have shown that the aluminum film material can be peeled off by the LBO system when the laser energy exceeds 650 mJ and the smallest ablation spot is about 1 mm. This study is of significant importance for conducting plasma impurity transport research on the EAST.
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A space-resolved vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy is employed to measure impurity emission profiles (500-3200 Å) on EAST. This study successfully captures C IV (1548.20 and 1550.77 Å) lines emitted from carbon ions and derives ion temperatures using Doppler broadening and a collision model based on their intensity ratios. Both the emission intensity and ion temperature profiles are determined. However, the calculated results reveal a lower temperature of around 10-20 eV with the collision model, suggesting a potential need for further correction in subsequent calculations. Furthermore, this study explores relative rotation velocities from the Doppler shift, indicating an increase in toroidal rotation velocity with applied neutral beam injection. The measured results exhibit concordance with the charge exchange recombination spectrometer data. Furthermore, during boron powder dropping discharges on EAST, B II (1623.60, 1623.79, 1623.95, 1624.02, 1624.17, and 1624.38 Å) emission lines exhibiting a similar time behavior trend with boron powder injection are identified. Ion temperatures are measured using B II (1362.46 Å) through the Doppler broadening method. These techniques hold significant promise for future impurity analysis at the edge of EAST, providing valuable insights into the behavior of carbon and boron ions.
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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the chronic complications of diabetes, is a serious and irreversible blinding disease. It is difficult to detect in the early stage, to control in the progressive stage, to operate in the advanced stage of DR. Recently, the "14th Five-year plan" for National Eye Health proposed to "improve the management mode of chronic eye disease, and build a chronic disease management system". The project team used artificial intelligence technology based on cloud platform, joint outpatient service, virtual ward to explore the comprehensive management of DR from the aspects of early screening, multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment, and refined blood glucose management during perioperative period. In the future, it is urgent to integrate DR chronic disease management with other systemic chronic diseases to reduce the blindness caused by DR.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Retinopatía Diabética , Humanos , Retinopatía Diabética/complicaciones , Retinopatía Diabética/diagnóstico , Inteligencia Artificial , Tamizaje Masivo , Ceguera/complicaciones , Ceguera/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Objective: To explore the effect of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on pulmonary function and the efficacy in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Data of 30 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy before surgery in the Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from March 2018 to September 2021 were retrospectively collect. The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the perioperative period and changes in pulmonary function of patients before and after neoadjuvant treatment were valuated. Results: The patients were all-male with age of (61±8)years old, The major pathological response (MPR) rate of patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy was 43%(13 cases), the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was 37% (11 cases), disease control rate (DCR) was 97% (29 cases), objective response rate (ORR) was 67% (20 cases). The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after treatment was (2.59±0.63) L, and the ratio of FEV1 to the predicted value (FEV1%pred) was 85.27%±15.86%, which were significantly higher than those before treatment [(2.48±0.59)L, 81.73%±15.94%, respectively] (P=0.013, 0.022, respectively). Forced vital capacity (FVC) after treatment was (3.59±0.77) L, which was also significantly higher than before [(3.47±0.76) L,P=0.036]; while there were no statistical difference in FEV1/FVC and FVC accounted for the proportion of predicted values (FVC%pred) between before and after treatment (P=0.084, 0.344, respectively). The ratio of carbon monoxide dispersion (DLCO) to the predicted value (DLCO%pred) decreased from 83.61%±13.10% to 78.69%±13.85% after treatment (P=0.023). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the DLCO%pred decreased group and the non-decreased group (3/18 vs 0/6; P=0.546). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy can increase the rate of MPR and PCR, significantly increase FEV1 and FEV1%pred, but also lead to a decrease in DLCO%pred; neoadjuvant immunotherapy does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Anciano , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , China , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Pulmón , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The impurity radiation from the divertor region of the EAST tokamak is dominantly in the wavelength range of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) due to the elevated edge electron temperature. A space-resolved VUV spectroscopy is developed to measure impurity radiation in the divertor region. An eagle-type VUV spectrometer with a focal length of 1 m is adopted in this system, equipped with a spherical grating and a charged-coupled device (CCD) detector. The performance of the VUV spectrometer is preliminarily tested on a synchrotron radiation facility. The wavelength calibration is conducted near 65 nm. It is found that the wavelength range observed by the CCD detector is about 11.07 nm around the central wavelength of about 65 nm. With a linear dispersion of 0.0053 nm/pixel, it is possible to measure the ion temperature lower than 20 eV at the edge region by analyzing the Doppler broadening of a carbon line. These test results show that the performance of the VUV spectrometer is capable of measuring divertor radiation and analyzing the ion temperature of edge impurity ions.
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The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was published in 2018, and covered the diagnosis, management, treatment and follow-up of early, intermediate and advanced disease. At the ESMO Asia Meeting in November 2018 it was decided by both the ESMO and the Taiwan Oncology Society (TOS) to convene a special guidelines meeting immediately after the Taiwan Joint Cancer Conference (TJCC) in May 2019 in Taipei. The aim was to adapt the ESMO 2018 guidelines to take into account both the ethnic and the geographic differences in practice associated with the treatment of HCC in Asian patients. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by experts in the treatment of patients with intermediate and advanced/relapsed HCC representing the oncology societies of Taiwan (TOS), China (CSCO), India (ISMPO) Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS) and Singapore (SSO). The voting was based on scientific evidence, and was independent of the current treatment practices, the drug availability and reimbursement situations in the individual participating Asian countries.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Asia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , China , Humanos , India , Japón , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Malasia , Oncología Médica , República de Corea , TaiwánRESUMEN
Objective: To investigate differential genes (DEGs) between no/mild and severe emphysema by bioinformatics analysis. Methods: The microarray dataset GSE1650, of lung tissue in no/mild and severe emphysema, was downloaded from the GEO database, and DEGs were obtained by t test. Analysis of DEGs based on DAVID database was used to obtain gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was established using STRING database to identify hub genes. Results: A total of 76 DEGs were obtained, of which 62 genes were up-regulated and 14 genes were down-regulated in severe emphysema group. Gene ontology showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in neutrophil chemotaxis, cellular response to interleukin-1, extracellular matrix organization, immune response, and KEGG pathway involved cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, platelet activation. Seventeen hub genes were recognized by PPI analysis, including CXCL8, RRAD, CLU, TIMP1, SEPP1, ISLR, BGN, COL1A1, COLIA2, ACTA2, ACTN1, FIGF, TPM1, TPM2, LUM, COL6A3 and TAGLN. Among them, fifteen genes (CLU, TIMP1, SEPP1, ISLR, BGN, COLIA2, COL1A1, ACTA2, ACTN1, FIGF, TPM1, TPM2, LUM, COL6A3, TAGLN) were up-regulated and two genes (CXCL8, RRAD) were down-regulated. Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis based on GEO database showed that there were DEGs between non/mild and severe emphysema patients.
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Biología Computacional , Enfisema , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas rasRESUMEN
Objective: To investigate the association of plasma roundabout 4 concentration with pulmonary ventilation function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methods: To get the effective data, the study was conducted in the outpatient department of West China Hospital from September 2017 to September 2018. The subjects meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were continuously included. Among them, the COPD group (75 cases) was from the respiratory outpatient department, and the healthy control group (57 cases) was from the health examination center at the same time. Data of basic demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, pulmonary ventilation function parameters and blood samples were collected. The concentrations of roundabout 4, C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1b and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in plasma were detected, and the differences among groups were compared, the correlation between plasma roundabout 4 and pulmonary ventilation function parameters and inflammatory factors was analyzed. The diagnostic efficiency of roundabout 4 to COPD was analyzed according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The plasma concentration of roundabout 4 in COPD group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [(41.3±14.2) vs (27.7±13.3) ng/L; P<0.001], the sensitivity and specificity of roundabout 4 in the diagnosis of COPD were 0.827 and 0.702 respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the plasma concentration of roundabout 4 was negatively correlated with lung function parameters forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV(1)/FVC), the first second forced expiratory volume as a percentage of the estimated value (FEV(1)%pred), forced exhalation of 50% and 25% lung capacity (MEF50, MEF25) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) (r=-0.399, -0.321, -0.439, -0.363, -0.458; all P<0.001), positively correlated with CRP (adjusted r=0.311, P<0.001). Conclusion: The increased concentration of roundabout 4 in plasma leads to the decline of pulmonary ventilation function in COPD patients.
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Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , China , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Pulmón , Pruebas de Función RespiratoriaRESUMEN
AIM: Under-management of diabetes can lead to a hyperglycaemic episode (HCE), which could be further strengthened in the presence of schizophrenia and the use of antipsychotics. This study aims to investigate the risk of HCE in diabetic patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, the duration of antipsychotic use on the risk of HCE is examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 13858 diabetic patients with schizophrenia and 55407 controls (without schizophrenia) matched by gender, age, index year, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score were included between 1999 and 2010 and followed to the end of 2013 using from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. During the follow-up period, participants who developed HCE were identified. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the HCE incidence rate between the two groups studied. RESULTS: Diabetic patients with schizophrenia were associated with an increased risk of HCE compared with unaffected controls after adjusted for baseline demographics and duration of antipsychotic use (4.73 versus 2.43 per 1,000 person-years, HR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.85-2.51). Also, in diabetic patients with schizophrenia, a longer duration of antipsychotic use was associated with a lower risk of HCE after adjustment for the above-mentioned variables, suggesting a protective effect of antipsychotics against HCE during prolonged use. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the need to pay more attention to the risk of HCE in diabetic patients with schizophrenia and the importance of proper use of antipsychotics may reduce the risk of HCE.
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Complicaciones de la Diabetes/complicaciones , Hiperglucemia , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/epidemiología , Hiperglucemia/etiología , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Antipsicóticos , Diabetes Mellitus , Hiperglucemia , Esquizofrenia , Estudios de Cohortes , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation (KT) has been found to reduce cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic dialysis patients. There is little data, however, regarding the risk reduction of cerebrovascular events after KT in Asian populations. This study evaluates the risk of cerebrovascular events after KT in Taiwan. METHODS: Tapping Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims data of patients with a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), we enrolled all KT recipients from 1999 to 2011 (n = 2908). For each KT patient, four controls (patients also diagnosed with ESRD) without KT were propensity matched by birth date, sex, selected comorbidities and duration of dialysis. All subjects were followed to the end of 2011. RESULTS: The incidence rate for stroke in the KT recipients and comparison group were 52.63 and 137.26 per 10 000 person-years, respectively. After adjustment for age, gender and comorbidities with competing mortality, KT recipients had 60% reduction in all kinds of stroke, compared to those who did not receive procedure. They were found to have a 48 and 74% reduction in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risk, respectively. Subgroup analyses also showed similar trends in the improvement of stroke after KT. While elderly patients, men, and those with diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease are at increased risk for stroke, our log-rank test revealed those that received KT had significantly lower cumulative incidence rates of stroke than those that did not (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: KT was associated with reduced risk of new onset stroke in chronic dialysis patients in Taiwan.
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Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Fallo Renal Crónico/cirugía , Trasplante de Riñón , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Puntaje de Propensión , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Diálisis Renal , Taiwán/epidemiología , Receptores de TrasplantesRESUMEN
This study evaluates the incidence of BK polyomavirus (BKV) and prognosis of BKV infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who received transplantation in our hospital before and after regular BKV nucleic acid test (NAT) was implemented. METHODS: The study included 74 KTRs who received a single kidney either from standard- or expanded-criteria deceased donor between March 2011 and March 2017. BKV NATs were regularly checked in 26 patients (group 1) in the first posttransplant year in accordance with current guidelines since NAT was implemented in our laboratory in 2014. We retrospectively compared 48 KTRs (group 2) who either received NAT when necessary in another laboratory or were not checked before 2014. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in patient characteristics between groups. BKV viruria were confirmed in 8 of 26 (30.8%) group 1 patients, whereas only 2 of 48 (4.2%) BKV infections were confirmed in group 2. None of the BKV(+) KTRs in group 1 developed BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN), whereas 2 BKV(+) patients (100%) of group 2 developed BKVAN, which indicates renal function deterioration and biopsy-validated nephropathy. There was no significant difference in graft survival and renal function between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of BKV infection is considerably higher in KTRs using NAT. Because there is no approval treatment, early diagnosis of BKV infection and early reduction of immunosuppression agents is critical for KTRs. Implementation of regular BKV NAT is mandatory before BKVAN and malignant neoplasms develop.
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ADN Viral/análisis , Huésped Inmunocomprometido/inmunología , Trasplante de Riñón , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/diagnóstico , Adulto , Virus BK/genética , Muerte , Diagnóstico Precoz , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Incidencia , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/inmunología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Donantes de Tejidos , Receptores de Trasplantes , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a useful biomarker for systemic bacterial infection, and many studies have described the correlation between high serum PCT level and Gram-negative bloodstream infection (BSI), whereas the diagnostic accuracy of PCT for this kind of episode has not been summarized. This study aimed to estimate the overall accuracy of serum PCT for diagnosing Gram-negative BSI through a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus database for studies that met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative likelihood ratio (PLR/NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated using bivariate random-effects models. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to summarize overall diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis included 13 studies involving 4,513 subjects. Summary estimates for PCT in diagnosing Gram-negative BSI were as follows: sensitivity, 0.73 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.78); specificity, 0.74 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.81); PLR, 2.77 (95% CI 2.07 to 3.70); NLR, 0.37 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.42); DOR, 7.59 (95% CI 5.31 to 10.85); AUC, 0.79 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.82). The corresponding summary performance estimates for using PCT in differentiating Gram-negative BSI from gram-positive BSI were as follows: sensitivity, 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.78); specificity, 0.70 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.78); PLR, 2.40 (95% CI, 1.83 to 3.15); NLR, 0.39 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.46); DOR, 6.15 (95% CI 4.40 to 8.60); AUC, 0.77 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: PCT may have a limited diagnostic value for Gram-negative BSI.
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Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Calcitonina/sangre , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/sangre , HumanosRESUMEN
A two-crystal assembly was deployed on the tangential X-ray crystal spectrometer to measure both helium-like and hydrogen-like spectra on EAST. High-quality helium-like and hydrogen-like spectra were observed simultaneously for the first time on one detector for a wide range of plasma parameters. Profiles of line-integrated core ion temperatures inferred from two spectra were consistent. Since tungsten was adopted as the upper divertor material, one tungsten line (W XLIV at 4.017 Å) on the short-wavelength side of the Lyman-α line (Lα1) was identified for typical USN discharges, which was diffracted by a He-like crystal (2d = 4.913 Å). Another possible Fe XXV line (1.85 Å) was observed to be located on the long-wavelength side of resonance line (w), which was diffracted from a H-like crystal (2d = 4.5622 Å) on the second order. Be-like argon lines were also observable that fill the detector space between the He-like and H-like spectra.
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OBJECTIVE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is both a pulmonary and systematic disease, which will cause abnormal expression of some circulating factors. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) has been reported to play important role in inflammatory responses and several diseases. However, whether it contributes to COPD is an open question. The aim of this study is to explore the potential relationship between ANGPTL4 and COPD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, circulating levels of ANGPTL4, C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in 73 COPD patients and 40 healthy volunteers were investigated using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Kits. Then, we analyzed the correlations between ANGPTL4 with other inflammatory mediators and pulmonary function. RESULTS: Serum ANGPTL4 levels were significantly elevated in COPD patients compared with healthy controls (122.86 ± 38.59 ng/mL versus 99.03 ± 31.84 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Besides, serum ANGTPL4 levels were much higher in ever-smokers with COPD than in never-smokers with COPD (131.71 ± 32.92 ng/mL versus 113.25 ± 42.34 ng/mL, p = 0.03). More importantly, the concentrations of circulating ANGPLT4 correlated inversely with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) % predicted, an index of lung function in COPD (r = -0.450, p < 0.001) and in all participants (r = -0.369, p < 0.001), while correlated positively with CRP (r = 0.312, p = 0.007 for COPD; r = 0.404, p < 0.001 for total subjects), adiponectin (r = 0.266, p = 0.004 for total subjects), and MMP-9 (r = 0.254, p = 0.03 for COPD). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that circulating ANGPTL4 levels are up-regulated in COPD patients, and have correlations with pulmonary function and systematic inflammation in COPD, which provides a novel idea to further dig the pathogenic mechanisms of COPD, and justifies more studies to determine how ANGPTL4 contributes to COPD.
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Angiopoyetinas/biosíntesis , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/metabolismo , Proteína 4 Similar a la Angiopoyetina , Angiopoyetinas/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Humanos , Inflamación/sangre , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/sangre , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Pruebas de Función RespiratoriaRESUMEN
In patients with limited mouth opening, traditional laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopes are not useful when performing nasotracheal intubation. Eighty patients with limited mouth opening who required nasotracheal intubation were randomly assigned to either fibreoptic intubation (n = 40) or the Trachway(®) (n = 40). Using the modified nasal intubation difficulty scale, 22 (55%) patients who received fibreoptic intubation were categorised as no difficulty compared with 40 (100%) patients in the Trachway group (p < 0.001). Mean (SD) total intubation time was 71.8 (23.3) s in patients who received fibreoptic intubation compared with 35.4 (9.8) s in the Trachway group (p < 0.001). We conclude that the Trachway technique for nasotracheal intubation is quicker and easier compared with fibreoptic intubation in patients with limited mouth opening.