RESUMEN
The Sapindus saponaria (soapberry) kernel is rich in oil that has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, promotes cell proliferation, cell migration, and stimulates skin wound-healing effects. S. saponaria oil has excellent lubricating properties and is a high-quality raw material for biodiesel and premium lubricants, showing great potential in industrial and medical applications. Metabolite and transcriptome analysis revealed patterns of oil accumulation and composition and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during seed development. Morphological observations of soapberry fruits at different developmental stages were conducted, and the oil content and fatty acid composition of the kernels were determined. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on kernels at 70, 100, and 130 days after flowering (DAF). The oil content of soapberry kernels was lowest at 60 DAF (5%) and peaked at 130 DAF (31%). Following soapberry fruit-ripening, the primary fatty acids in the kernels were C18:1 (oleic acid) and C18:3 (linolenic acid), accounting for an average proportion of 62% and 18%, respectively. The average contents of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in the kernel were 86% and 14%, respectively. Through the dynamic changes in fatty acid composition and DEGs analysis of soapberry kernels, FATA, KCR1, ECR, FAD2 and FAD3 were identified as candidate genes contributing to a high proportion of C18:1 and C18:3, while DGAT3 emerged as a key candidate gene for TAG biosynthesis. The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolism unveiled the molecular mechanism of oil accumulation, leading to the creation of a metabolic pathway pattern diagram for oil biosynthesis in S. saponaria kernels. The study of soapberry fruit development, kernel oil accumulation, and the molecular mechanism of oil biosynthesis holds great significance in increasing oil yield and improving oil quality.
RESUMEN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third frequent cancer and second leading reason of cancer-related mortality all over the globe. Saponins from Platycodi radix (SPR) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate CRC cell progression. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detected miR-181c-5p, miR-181d-5p, and RBM47 expression level. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays validated that miR-181c-5p and miR-181d-5p promote CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and SPR exerts opposite effects. Cignal Finder Reporter Array and western blot proved that the activity of PI3K/AKT pathway was decreased by RBM47 overexpression. RNA pulldown, luciferase reporter, and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays proved the interaction between miR-181c/d-5p and RBM47, and RBM47 and PTEN. Rescue experiments were carried out to validate that RBM47 reverses the influence of miR-181c/d-5p on the progression of CRC cells. The stability of PTEN was probed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in CRC cells treated with Actinomycin D (Act D). To be concluded, SPR inactivates PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to suppress CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via miR-181c/d-5p/RBM47. Elucidating the mechanisms of SPR underlying CRC may offer novel insight into CRC treatment.