[Clinical observation of transurethral holmium laser enucleation of prostate by two-way rendezvous and trenching].

OBJECTIVE: Exploring the clinical efficacy, safety, and surgical techniques of two-way rendezvous and trenching method for transurethral holmium laser prostatectomy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical data on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative follow-up of 326 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent two-way rendezvous and trenching method of transurethral holmium laser prostatectomy at the Urology Department of Wujin People's Hospital in Changzhou City from January 2020 to January 2023. RESULTS: Compared with preoperative measures, IPSS symptom score, quality of life (QoL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and residual urine volume (PVR) were significantly improved at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (P<0.05). Thirty two patients with normal and regular sexual life pre-operation were observed. There were no significant changes in their IIEF-5 score and Erectile Hardness Scale (EHGS) score after surgery compared with pre-operation (P<0.05). There were 9 patients (28.12%) with retrograde ejaculation after surgery. CONCLUSION: The two-way rendezvous and trenching method of transurethral holmium laser prostatectomy is a safe and effective method for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, with precise results, high safety, minimal trauma, and fast postoperative recovery.

[Comparison of therapeutic effects between holmium laser and plasma transurethral enucleation in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of clinical efficacy between transurethral holmium laser prostate enucleation (two-way rendezvous and trenching method) and transurethral plasma enucleation. METHODS: A total of 483 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who were admitted to our hospital from December 2019 to December 2022 were randomly divided into an observation group (245 cases) and a control group (238 cases) using a random number table method. The observation group underwent transurethral holmium laser prostatectomy, while the control group underwent transurethral plasma prostatectomy,evaluate the efficacy of two surgical methods. RESULT: The IPSS symptom score, quality of life (QOL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume (PVR) and other indicators were significantly improved in both groups after 6 months of surgery compared to before (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in sexual function and retrograde ejaculation between the two groups of patients(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Both surgical methods have good surgical efficacy, but compared with prostate plasma resection, holmium laser prostatectomy can reduce intraoperative bleeding in patients with BPH, effectively shorten catheter retention time, patient hospitalization time, and postoperative bladder flushing time, resulting in higher quality of life and safety.

Parabronema skrjabini (Nematoda: Habronematidae) infection and development in the intermediate host-Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus, 1758) in Inner Mongolia, China.

Parabronemosis is a disease that severely threatens camel health, causing huge economic losses to industries involved in camel husbandry. Previous studies have reported that horn flies (Haematobia irritans) act as intermediate hosts of Parabronema skrjabini; however, the infection and developmental processes of P. skrjabini in horn flies remain unclear. In the present study, the infection rates of P. skrjabini were determined in morphologically and molecularly identified horn flies collected from Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) producing regions in Inner Mongolia, China that have high P. skrjabini infection rates. The horn flies were dissected to obtain the nematode larvae at various instar stages. The P. skrjabini found in the different instar stages of horn fly instars were counted and identified to assess the infection and developmental status. Nematode larvae at different developmental stages were obtained from the horn fly instars for further molecular analysis. Sequencing results confirmed that the nematode larvae were P. skrjabini. Furthermore, we found that the mean growth rate of the nematode larva increased as the horn fly instars develops. The results suggested that P. skrjabini infected the horn flies at the larval instar stage, and that the nematode larvae developed simultaneously with the horn fly instars stages. Our findings provide useful information into the elucidation of P. skrjabini infection and life history by studying horn fly development.

Microecology research: a new target for the prevention of asthma.

The incidence and prevalence of asthma have increased remarkably in recent years. There are lots of factors contributing to the occurrence and development of asthma. With the improvement of sequencing technology, it has been found that the microbiome plays an important role in the formation of asthma in early life. The roles of the microbial environment and human microbiome in the occurrence and development of asthma have attracted more and more attention. The environmental microbiome influences the occurrence of asthma by shaping the human microbiome. The specific mechanism may be related to the immune regulation of Toll-like receptors and T cells (special Tregs). Intestinal microbiome is formed and changed by regulating diet and lifestyle in early life, which may affect the development and maturation of the pulmonary immune system through the intestinal-pulmonary axis. It is well-recognized that both environmental microbiomes and human microbiomes can influence the onset of asthma. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the research of microbiome, its relationship with asthma, and the possible mechanism of the microbiome in the occurrence and development of asthma. The research of the microbial environment and human microbiome may provide a new target for the prevention of asthma in children who have high-risk factors to allergy. However, further study of "when and how" to regulate microbiome is still needed.

[Transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with a history of transrectal prostate biopsy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of BPH in patients with a history of transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 102 cases of BPH treated by HoLEP in our hospital between November 2015 and May 2017, of which 42 had received TRPB prior to HoLEP (the PB group) but not the other 60 (the non-TRPB ï¼»NPBï¼½ group). We compared the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative follow-up data between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the mean age, prostate volume, and preoperative post-void residual urine volume (PVR), IPSS, quality of life (QOL) score and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) between the two groups of patients. The preoperative PSA level was significantly higher in the PB than in the NPB group (ï¼»10.30 ± 3.62ï¼½ vs ï¼»2.62 ± 1.75ï¼½ µg/L, P < 0.01), and the operation time markedly longer in the former than in the latter (ï¼»78.00 ± 18.25ï¼½ vs ï¼»67.93 ± 15.89ï¼½ min, P < 0.01), particularly in the patients with an interval of <2 weeks between HoLEP and TRPB than in those with an interval of ≥2 weeks (ï¼»91.17 ± 16.51ï¼½ vs ï¼»68.13 ± 12.45ï¼½ min, P < 0.01). Statistically significant differences were not found in the postoperative hemoglobin level, continuous bladder irrigation duration, catheter-indwelling time and hospital stay, nor in the incidence rate of transient urinary incontinence between the PB and NPB groups (47.62% vs 45%, P = 0.794). There were no transurethral resection syndrome, bladder or rectal injury, or blood transfusion in either group, nor statistically significant differences in PVR, Qmax, IPSS and QOL score between the two groups of patients at 3, 6 or 12 months after operation. CONCLUSIONS: HoLEP is a safe and effective surgical treatment of BPH for patients with a history of TRPB, which can reduce the time and increase the safety of operation when performed at ≥2 weeks after TRPB.

[Effects of Elevated Tetracycline Concentrations on Aerobic Composting of Human Feces: Composting Behavior and Microbial Community Succession].

In order to investigate the effect of antibiotics on composting behavior, enzymatic activity, and microbial community succession during the aerobic composting of human feces using sawdust as the bulk carrier, tetracycline (TC) was added to the composting system at four different concentrations (0, 100, 250, and 500 mg·kg-1). Microbial community succession was examined by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the influence of TC on the physical and chemical properties of compost was related to its concentration. With the increase in TC concentration, the temperature increase during aerobic composting was inhibited, the water-soluble carbon (WSC) residue was increased, the germination index (GI) was decreased, and the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was also hindered. Parameters, such as temperature, WSC, GI, and DHA, are widely accepted and representative indicators to evaluate compost maturity. Overall, when the concentration of TC was higher than 500 mg·kg-1, the aerobic composting process and the maturity of the final compost were inhibited. Furthermore, elevated TC caused significant changes in microbial community succession and reductions in community diversity and abundance. Therefore, interference in microbial community structures and a hindrance to biological activity are believed to be the main adverse effects of TC on the composting process and maturity of the composting products.

[Removal of Typical Antibiotics During Aerobic Composting of Human Feces].

Aerobic composting experiments were conducted under three different temperatures (55℃, 35℃, and non-temperature-controlled) with human feces and sawdust as the compost material and bulky matrix respectively. Attention was paid to the effects of temperature on the removal of four typical antibiotics (tetracycline, chlortetracycline, sulfadiazine, and ciprofloxacin) during human feces aerobic composting. Furthermore, three specific experiments were conducted to identify the possible antibiotic degradation mechanisms in aqueous solution and during composting with moist sterile sawdust but without feces and composting with feces and moist sterile sawdust. The most effective removal of the four antibiotics was achieved through thermophilic composting (55℃). At 55℃, more than 90% of all the antibiotics were removed. The degradation of tetracycline and chlortetracycline was more temperature-dependent than that of sulfadiazine and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, tetracycline and chlortetracycline removal was primarily through hydrolysis in moist environments. However, sulfadiazine and ciprofloxacin removal was mainly attributed to adsorption by sawdust particles. The contribution of microbial action to antibiotic degradation was insignificant for all the antibiotics except ciprofloxacin. Up to 20% of this antibiotic was degraded by microbial action.

[Relationship between the intrapelvic perfusion pressure in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy and postoperative recovery].

OBJECTIVES: To introduce the method to monitor intrapelvic perfusion pressure during minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL), and to observe the effect of high pressure intrapelvic perfusion on recovery. METHODS: The end of F5 ureteral catheter and aseptic transducer were connected by self-made connecter. During the operation, 46 renal calculi cases were monitored, and the early complication, such as fever, pain index, drop of hemoglobin, the stone-free rate and hospital stay were investigated. And the relationship between the variation of pressure and recovery was studied. RESULTS: Intrapelvic perfusion pressure ranged from 3 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) to 50 mm Hg during the course of MPCNL. The definition of high pressure was the time of the pressure more than 30 mm Hg not less than 10 min. Postoperative fever rate, pain index, drop of hemoglobin and hospital stay in the high pressure were significantly higher than low pressure group (P< or =0.05). There was no difference of the stone-free rate in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: During the course of MPCNL intrapelvic perfusion pressure should be monitor immediately. It should be careful to maintain the time of pressure more than 30 mm Hg less than 10 min for stable postoperative recovery.

[Detection of DD3 mRNA in the urine of prostate cancer patients and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the differential display code 3 mRNA (DD3 mRNA) in the urine sample of patients with prostate cancer and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS: DD3 mRNA in the urine collected from 48 patients with prostate cancer, 23 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and 9 healthy male volunteers was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: DD3 products could not be detected in the urine samples of the BPH patients and healthy male volunteers, but could in 39/48 urine samples of the patients with prostate cancer. Significant difference was found between them (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The detection of DD3 mRNA in the urine promises to be a non-invasive, simple and sensitive method for the early diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of prostate cancer.