RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of Naoshuantong, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on the main components of neurovascular unit in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, ischemia/reperfusion, and ischemia/reperfusion plus Naoshuantong groups. The cerebral ischemia was induced by 1.5 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by unlocking the thread to induce reperfusion injury. After 24 h of reperfusion, neurological functional deficits were assessed, apoptosis of main components of neurovascular unit was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling combined with neuronal nuclei antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein or CD31 immunofluorescence double staining. RESULTS: Naoshuantong significantly reduced neurological functional deficits, and reduced neuron, astrocyte and vascular endothelium cell apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in the border zone of ischemic cortex. CONCLUSION: Naoshuantong is effective in protecting the neurovascular unit including neurons, astrocytes and vascular endothelium cells against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Fitoterapia , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismoRESUMEN
This paper studies a periodic driven diffusive system, which separates into two equal-sized parts with different values of hopping rates. Competition of the two different driven parts leads to various bulk-driven phase transitions, including shock and antishock. More interestingly, for the symmetric scenario, one can observe shock and antishock simultaneously in the system. We have explained the coexistence of shock and antishock via the effective boundary reservoir density. Theoretical analysis has been carried out to characterize the emerging nonequilibrium steady states, which is in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.