Study on distribution of sidewall earth pressure on open caissons considering soil arching effect.

Based on the soil arching effect theory, the magnitude and distribution of sidewall earth pressure on open caissons when the embedded depth is large was analyzed by using theory of non-limit state earth pressure theory and horizontal differential element method. The theoretical formula was deduced. The theoretical calculation results are compared with the field test results and centrifugal model test results respectively. The results show that when the embedded depth of the open caisson is large, the distribution of earth pressure on the side wall of the open caisson first increases with the increase of embedded depth, reaches a peak value, and then sharply decreases. The peak point is located at 2/3 ~ 4/5 of the embedded depth. In engineering practice, when the embedded depth of the open caisson is 40 m, the relative error between the field test value and the theoretical calculation value is - 55.8% ~ 1.2%, with an average error of 13.8%. When the equivalent embedded depth of the open caisson in the centrifugal model test is 36 m, the relative error between the centrifugal model test value and the theoretical calculation value is - 20.1% ~ 68.0%, with an average error of 10.6%, The results are consistent well. The results of this article provides reference for the design and construction of open caisson.

Bi2O3-Sensitized TiO2 Hollow Photocatalyst Drives the Efficient Removal of Tetracyclines under Visible Light.

The complete removal of tetracycline residuals under visible light still is a challenging task because of their robust ring structure. To tackle this issue, we explore a novel Bi2O3-sensitized TiO2 visible-light photocatalyst by combining p-n heterojunction with hollow structure. The hollow TiO2/Bi2O3 photocatalyst manifests excellent photocatalytic performance and recyclability toward the complete degradation (100%) of antibiotics under visible light (λ > 420 nm) because of the synergistic effect of p-n heterojunction and hollow structure, successfully overcoming the challenge of the incomplete removal of antibiotics over almost all of the reported visible-light photocatalysts. Additionally, the effects of inorganic ions, pH value, water matrix, and outdoor light on the degradation of tetracyclines were investigated with many details. Notably, the degradation pathways and mechanism of tetracycline were revealed according to trapping experiments, HPLC-MS, and photoelectrochemical characterizations. Therefore, this work provides a new insight into developing visible-light photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic performances for the complete removal of other refractory contaminants.