[Analysis on the gender-specific risk factors of new-onset cerebral hemorrhage].

Objective: To explore the gender-specific risk factors of new-onset cerebral hemorrhage. Methods: In this prospective cohort study,a total of 98 961 participants((51.1±12.6)years old), who underwent the 2006 to 2007 physical examination and met the inclusion criteria, were enrolled from the Kailuanstudy cohort. There were 78 908 (79.7%) male,and 20 053 (20.3%) female.The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was observed once per year until December 31, 2016.The difference on the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage between male and female was compared. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to analyze therisk factors of cerebral hemorrhage events among different genders. Results: The participants were followed up for(10.00±0.73) years,and 860 cerebral hemorrhage events were recorded during follow up. The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in the population was 86.90/10 million person years (standardized incidence rate of 47.85/10 million person years). The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was significantly higher in male (49.61/10 million person years) than in female (34.07/10 million person years, P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that 45-59 years old, ≥ 60 years old, diabetes,and waist-hip ratio were more strongly related to new-onset of cerebral hemorrhage events in female than in male, and the hazard ratios(95%CI) were 2.33 (1.23-4.43) ,2.71 (1.30-5.66) ,2.16 (1.24-3.74) and 8.79 (1.42-54.32) in female versus 1.55 (1.21-1.97) ,2.16 (1.68-2.78) ,1.19 (0.93-1.53) and 3.21 (1.09-9.41) in male, respectively. The risk of male cerebral hemorrhage increased by 29% (HR=1.29, 95%CI 1.19-1.40) in male and 24% (HR=1.24, 95%CI 1.20-1.28) in female,when the systolic blood pressure increased 10 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Conclusions: The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is higher in male than in female in this cohort.The association between systolic blood pressure and cerebral hemorrhage is stronger in male than that in female.The associations between age, waist-hip ratio, diabetes and cerebral hemorrhage are stronger in female than in male. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trail Registry, ChiCTR-TNC-11001489.

Total pelvic floor reconstruction versus transvaginal hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse: a retrospective cohort.

AIMS: To evaluate the surgical outcomes following total pelvic floor reconstruction (TPFR) and transvaginal hysterectomy (TVH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent TPFR or TVH repair for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) between January 2005 and January 2011. A total of 251 consecutive women were evaluated prior to, and at two, six, and 12 months after surgery. Anatomy, symptoms, and quality of life were measured using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POP-Q) and pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI). The surgical outcomes were compared between groups using Student's t-test and ANCOVA tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Of the 251 patients, 129 had a total pelvic floor reconstruction (TPFR group), and concomitant modified transobturator inside-out tension-free urethral suspension (TVT-O) was used in pelvic floor dysfunction patients with stress urinary incontinence. The patients that underwent vaginal hysterectomy surgery (TVH group) were 122. At two, six, and 12 months, respectively, 12.40% (TPFR group) and 18.85% (TVH group) of the patients were lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences between TPFR group and TVH group for all preoperative variables (p > 0.05). The TPFR patients had significantly lower operation time, blood loss, anus exhaust time, remaining catheter time, and the length of stay in hospital (p < 0.05). Postoperatively, the recurrence rate in TVH group was higher than that ofTPFR group after surgery at six and 12 months (p < 0.05). The PFDI scorewas significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term clinical results suggest that the two surgeries are safe and effective in treating female POP. The patients' quality life was improved, but TPFR technique was more conspicuous for treating POP.

Spatiotemporal pattern of hand-foot-mouth disease in China: an analysis of empirical orthogonal functions.

OBJECTIVES: Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is the most common infectious disease in China. Spatial and temporal patterns of HFMD in China provide valuable information on the relationship between HFMD and the geographical environment, and help in the prediction of HFMD transmission. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Total HFMD morbidity per 10 days from May 2008 to March 2009 was recorded in 1966 counties in China. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was used to obtain spatial and temporal patterns of HFMD. RESULTS: The first five modes of HFMD morbidity explained 84.24% of the total variance. The dominant mode (first mode showing the highest variance) showed high HFMD morbidity in the western counties of Bohai Bay, the mid-south of China, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River delta and the areas bordering Vietnam from early May to late July 2008. The second mode showed high HFMD morbidity in the western counties of Bohai Bay, the north-east of China, north of Xinjiang and the Yangtze River delta from late May to the middle of August 2008. The third mode showed high HFMD morbidity in the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River delta and the middle of the Huaihe River basin in early May 2008. CONCLUSIONS: EOF analysis of HFMD morbidity shows the main spatiotemporal patterns and can explain variance in HFMD in China.