Preparation of meaty flavor additive from soybean meal through the Maillard reaction.

Meaty flavor additive was prepared from soybean meal hydrolysate and xylose in the method of Maillard reaction. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 120 ℃, time 120 min and cysteine addition 10%, the Maillard products had strong flavor of meat. The content of free amino acids was 4.941 µ mol/mL in the products. There were 50 volatile flavor substances in Maillard reaction products according to GC-MS analysis. 4 mercaptans, 4 sulfur substituted furans, 3 thiophenes, 7 furans, 6 pyrazine, 3 pyrrole, 1 pyrimidine, 7 aldehydes, 4 ketones, 7 esters, 2 alcohols and 2 acids were included. The Maillard reaction products also have strong antioxidant activity. The scavenging ability of FRAP, DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS+ radical was 1.82%, 69.8%, 68.7% and 71.6% respectively. The products of Mailard reaction have potential to be used in food additives.

Theoretical exploration and experimental regulation of the degradation of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp seed oil by density functional theory.

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in hemp seed oil is a psychoactive cannabinoid, and the content of Δ9-THC can be reduced. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to simulate the degradation path of Δ9-THC, and the ultrasonic treatment was used to degrade the Δ9-THC in hemp seed oil. Results found that the reaction of Δ9-THC degradation to cannabinol (CBN) was a spontaneous exothermic reaction, which required a certain amount of external energy to initiate reaction process. Through the surface electrostatic potential analysis, the minimum value of electrostatic potential of Δ9-THC was -37.68 kcal/mol, and the maximum value was 40.98 kcal/mol. The frontier molecular orbitals analysis found that the energy level difference of Δ9-THC was lower than that of CBN, indicating that the reactivity of Δ9-THC was stronger. The degradation process of Δ9-THC could be divided into two stages, which needed to cross the reaction energy barriers of 3197.40 and 3087.24 kJ/mol, respectively. Ultrasonic treatment was used to degrade Δ9-THC standard solution, it was found that Δ9-THC can be effectively degraded into CBN through intermediate. Subsequently, ultrasonic technology was applied to hemp seed oil, under the conditions of ultrasonic power 150 W and ultrasonic time 21 min, the Δ9-THC was degraded to 10.00 mg/kg.