Misdiagnosis of primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the pleura: case report and literature review.

Background: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an indolent B cell lymphoma. Its occurrence in the pleura is rare, with atypical clinical manifestations. MALT of the pleura is easily misdiagnosed. This is the first case report of pleural MALT lymphoma in China. Case Description: We report the case of a 54-year-old Chinese man with no notable medical history who complained of cough, sputum, and shortness of breath for 3 months. He had a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test. An initial misdiagnosis of pleural tuberculosis was corrected, after 3 thoracoscopic biopsies and tests, to primary pleural MALT lymphoma. He received treatments of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vindesine and prednisolone) and traditional Chinese medicine. The patient was followed for 3 years until June 2022, with no obvious respiratory symptoms. Pleural MALT lymphoma is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported. This article describes our case, and includes an overview of 15 previously reported cases to summarize the characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of primary pleural MALT lymphoma. Conclusions: Pleural MALT lymphoma is rare, and a correct diagnosis depends on tissue biopsy, immunohistochemical staining, and detection of gene rearrangement. Thoracoscopy is important to diagnose this disease. Multiple thoracoscopic biopsies may be necessary.

Characterizations and Nonlinear-Optical Properties of Pentanary Transition-Metal Oxysulfide Sr2CoGe2OS6.

As one type of material containing multiple anions, oxysulfides can combine the advantages of oxides and sulfides and are deeply studied as nonlinear-optical (NLO) materials. Herein, a new melilite-type pentanary oxysulfide Sr2CoGe2OS6 is studied. It crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric tetragonal space group P4̅21m, and its structure features GeOS3 and CoS4 tetrahedra-built {[CoGe2OS6]4-}∞ layers. Its powder sample exhibits a moderate phase-matchable NLO response and a high laser-induced damage threshold. The NLO response is mainly determined by CoS4 tetrahedra according to the theoretical calculation results. This work indicates that transition-metal oxysulfides can also be considered as potential infrared NLO materials.

Cation Regulation to Investigate the Chalcogenide Borate RE6Nb2MgSB8O26 (RE = La-Nd) Family.

Chalcogenide borates have been developed and are considered an attractive system due to their favorable physical properties such as magnetism and nonlinear optical effects. Here, isostructural RE6Nb2MgSB8O26 (RE = La-Nd) compounds in the title family have been obtained through cation regulation in rare-earth and VB group metals. This family crystalizes in the centrosymmetric P3̅ space group and features 3D frameworks formed by {[Mg(NbB4O13)2]16-}∞ polyanionic layers and QRE6 octahedra. The structural chemistry was characterized and theoretical calculations were performed to understand the structural merit of this family. In addition, RE6Nb2MgSB8O26 possess the largest band gaps among known rare-earth chalcogenide borates, and they all show antiferromagnetic-like behaviors.

Second-Harmonic-Generation-Active Oxyhalides: CuSb2O3X (X = Cl, Br).

Metal oxyhalides have attracted broad interest recently because of their diverse structures and versatile properties. Here, two oxyhalides, CuSb2O3Cl (1) and CuSb2O3Br (2), were studied by focusing on their nonlinear-optical properties. They are crystallized in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic Cc structure, and the layered structures could be derived from a 1:1 combination of CuX- (X = Cl, Br) and Sb2O3-type slabs. Their energy gaps were determined to be 2.76 and 2.64 eV. The second-harmonic-generation (SHG) test suggests that they are nonlinear-optical-active, and the effects are ascribed to the contribution of CuX3O units. Meanwhile, the SbO3 units' arrangement has a small contribution to the SHG effects. This work is the pioneer SHG investigation of the MI-MIII-O-X (MI = Cu, Ag; MIII = trivalent As, Sb, Bi; X = halogen) family.

Sn7 Br10 S2 : The First Ternary Halogen-Rich Chalcohalide Exhibiting a Chiral Structure and Pronounced Nonlinear Optical Properties.

Infrared nonlinear optical (IR NLO) materials are significant in laser technology for civil and military uses. Here, we report the synthesis, structural chemistry and NLO properties of a halogen-rich chalcohalide Sn7 Br10 S2 . Its noncentrosymmetric (NCS, P63 ) structure can be considered as partially aliovalent anion substitution of SnBr2 (P63 /m) induced centrosymmetric (CS) to NCS structural transformation. The 3D ∞ [Sn(1)6 Sn(2)6 Br6 X6 ]6- (X=Br/S) channel framework consists of Sn(1)BrX2 and Sn(2)X3 trigonal pyramids. It exhibits excellent NLO performance, including a strong phase-matchable NLO response of 1.5 × AgGaS2 and high laser-induced damage threshold of 6.3 × AgGaS2 .Investigation of the structure-NLO performance relationship confirms that the effective arrangement of Sn(1)BrX2 and Sn(2)X3 units predominantly contributes to the large SHG response. These results indicate Sn7 Br10 S2 is a potential IR NLO candidate and provides a new feasible system for promising NLO materials.

SnPQ3 (Q = S, Se, S/Se): A Series of Lone-Pair Cationic Chalcogenophosphates Exhibiting Balanced NLO Activity Originating from SnQ8 Units.

Two chalcogenophosphates, SnPS2.86Se0.14 (1) and SnPSe3 (2), are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinic noncentrosymmetric space group Pn. Their three-dimensional (3D) structures are constructed by [Sn(1)Q8] hendecahedra and [Sn(2)Q8] dodecahedra by sharing Q vertices and edges, leaving cavities for isolated [P2Q6] (Q = S/Se, Se) dimers. A second-harmonic-generation (SHG) measurement indicates that 1 is phase-matchable with a response of approximately 1.2 × AgGaS2 (AGS), which is verified by the theoretical calculation result. The powder sample of 1 exhibits a high laser-induced damage threshold of 3.9 × AGS. For comparison, the known SnPS3 (3) was also synthesized and evaluated using the same method. The chemical composition-NLO performance relationship of 1-3 is also discussed. Dipole moment calculation results suggest that [SnQ8] polyhedra make the main contribution to their excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) performance.

Clustering Cases of Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Screening Ward Staff.

We describe 4 cases of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia among medical staff in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening ward, as well as the experience of dealing with this nosocomial infection event. Atypical pneumonia, in addition to COVID-19, should be considered when clustering cases occur, even during a COVID-19 pneumonia pandemic.

A Series of Chalcogenide Borates RE6Ta2MgQB8O26 (RE = Sm, Eu, Gd; Q = S, Se) Featuring a B4O10 Cluster.

New compounds with multiple anions are receiving increasing interest in view of their diverse structures and physical properties. Here we report four isostructural hexanary RE6Ta2MgQB8O26 (RE = Sm, Eu, Gd; Q = S, Se), belonging to the rare chalcogenide borates. Their structures feature an unprecedented [B4O10]8- unit comprised of one BO4 and three BO3 units. Their 3D structures are constructed by the connection between QRE6 octahedra and the ∞{[Mg(TaB4O13)2]16-} polyanionic layer. Density functional theory calculations on the electronic structure and a birefringence of 4 are also performed.

Fingerprint Analysis and Quantitative Determination of Fourteen Active Components in the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Preparation Feiyangchangweiyan Capsule by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.

FeiYangchangweiyan capsule (FY capsule), a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation consisting of three medicinal herbs, has been used to treat bacterial dysentery, acute, and chronic gastroenteritis for several decades. In this study, a novel, convenient, accurate, and valid method was developed by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD) to obtain a chromatographic fingerprint of FeiYangchangweiyan capsule (FY capsule). Then, fourteen peaks were identified according to MS/MS fragmentation behavior of the reference standards by using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. At the same time, the fingerprint similarity was calculated and the contents of known ingredients were also determined simultaneously. The result demonstrated that the HPLC fingerprint combining similarity evaluation and quantification analysis can be successfully applied to control the quality of FY capsule.

Sn2Ga2S5: A Type of IR Nonlinear-Optical Material.

The deficiency of nonlinear-optical (NLO) materials in the IR region inspires strong research interest in this field. Here, Sn2Ga2S5 (1), crystallizing in the orthorhombic Pna21 space group, demonstrates obvious NLO activity, around a maximum of 1.6 times that of AgGaS2 and a strong laser-induced damage threshold of 9.7 times that of AGS. 1 represents the first NLO-active compound in the MII2MIII2Q5 (MII = divalent Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Sn, and Eu; MIII = B, Al, Ga, and In; Q = S and Se) family. The NLO performances of 1 are systematically studied experimentally and theoretically.

The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Feiyangchangweiyan Capsule and Its Main Components on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Rats via the Regulation of the NF-κB and BAX/BCL-2 Pathway.

Although gastroenteritis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) occur in the gastrointestinal tract and pelvis, respectively, they display similar pathogeneses. The incidence of inflammation in these conditions is usually associated with dysbacteriosis, and, at times, they are caused by the same pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. Feiyangchangweiyan capsule (FYC) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine that is widely used to treat bacterial dysentery and acute and chronic gastroenteritis. However, whether it has an effect on PID is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of FYC and its main components, gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), and syringin (SY), on a pathogen-induced PID model and illustrate their potential mechanism of action. Female specific pathogen-free SD rats (n = 1110) were randomly divided into control, PID, FYC, GA, EA, SY, GA + EA, GA + SY, EA + SY, GA + EA + SY, and Fuke Qianjin capsule (FKC) positive groups. Histological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were carried out as well as western blot analysis to detect the expression of NF-κB, BAX, BCL-2, and JNK. In this study, FYC and its main components dramatically suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduced the production of IL-1ß, TNF-α, and MCP-1, and elevated the IL-10 level to varying degrees. We also found that FYC and its main components inhibited the expression of BAX induced by infection and increased the expression of Bcl-2. FYC, GA, EA, and SY could also block the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Finally, we found that the phosphorylation of JNK could be decreased by FYC, GA, and SY. FYC and its main components exhibit anti-inflammatory effect on a pathogen-induced PID model by regulating the NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways.

Critical Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Deficits in Synaptic Plasticity and Long-Term Memory.

AIMS: This study examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mediating chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced neurocognitive deficits. We designed experiments to demonstrate that ER stress is initiated in the hippocampus under chronic IH and determined its role in apoptotic cell death, impaired synaptic structure and plasticity, and memory deficits. RESULTS: Two weeks of IH disrupted ER fine structure and upregulated ER stress markers, glucose-regulated protein 78, caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein, in the hippocampus, which could be suppressed by ER stress inhibitors, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and 4-phenylbutyric acid. Meanwhile, ER stress induced apoptosis via decreased Bcl-2, promoted reactive oxygen species production, and increased malondialdehyde formation and protein carbonyl, as well as suppressed mitochondrial function. These effects were largely prevented by ER stress inhibitors. On the other hand, suppression of oxidative stress could reduce ER stress. In addition, the length of the synaptic active zone and number of mature spines were reduced by IH. Long-term recognition memory and spatial memory were also impaired, which was accompanied by reduced long-term potentiation in the Schaffer collateral pathway. These effects were prevented by coadministration of the TUDCA. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: These results show that ER stress plays a critical role in underlying memory deficits in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-associated IH. Attenuators of ER stress may serve as novel adjunct therapeutic agents for ameliorating OSA-induced neurocognitive impairment.

Therapeutic effect of recombinant human catalase on H1N1 influenza-induced pneumonia in mice.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to play a key role in the induction of lung damage caused by pneumonia and therapeutic agents that could effectively scavenge ROS may prevent or reduce the deleterious effects of influenza-induced pneumonia. In this study, we first demonstrated that human catalase could attenuate acute oxidative injury in lung tissues following influenza-induced pneumonia. Mice were infected with influenza virus H1N1 (FM1 strain) and treated with recombinant human catalase (50,000 U/kg) by inhalation. The survival time and survival rates of H1N1 induced pneumonia mice were increased by treatment with recombinant human catalase. Protective efficacy of catalase was also observed in lung histology, anti-oxidant parameters, pulmonary pathology and influenza viral titer in lungs in mice. These observations were associated with increased serum superoxide and hydroxyl radical anion scavenging capacities. This study strongly indicated that recombinant catalase might be a potential therapy for H1N1 influenza-induced pneumonia.

High-level expression and purification of recombinant human catalase in Pichia pastoris.

Catalase is one of the antioxidant enzymes and is involved in many pathophysiologic processes and human diseases. This study focused on high-level expression and purification of recombinant catalase in Pichia pastoris. The cDNA encoding catalase was cloned by RT-PCR from Fetal liver of Homo sapiens. After PCR and construction of expression vector pPIC9K-CAT, human catalase was expressed highly in P. pastoris yeast SMD1168 and secreted into the culture medium. The secreted catalase was purified to a purity of 95% by ammonium sulfate fractionation, anionic exchange-chromatography, and Macro-prep Ceramic Hydroxyapatite with a overall yield of 60%. This study provides a new method for large-scale expression and purification of recombinant protein catalase.

[Administration of sirolimus affects vein graft neointima hyperplasia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sirolimus on vein graft neointima hyperplasia via oral administration compared with local delivery, and find out an effective and safe way to provide support for clinical application. METHODS: A rabbit external jugular vein-to-common carotid artery model was established. Twenty-four healthy rabbits were divided into 4 groups at random: blank-control group, F-127 control group, group 3 that received locally applied slow-releasing Sirolimus with F-127, group 4 that received oral Sirolimus (the commercial name Rapamune). The ratio of intima to medium thickness and re-stenosis rate (ratio of lumina to lumina plus intima area) were measured, PCNA positive cells by immunohistochemical staining were detected to indicate the degree of cell proliferation, and apoptosis cells detected by TUNEL. RESULTS: Compared with blank-control group, neointima hyperplasia was inhibited significantly in group 3 and group 4 [intima thickness were (90.11 +/- 10.99) microm versus (29.38 +/- 10.45) microm, (18.29 +/- 9.03) microm, respectively]. Re-stenosis rate was reduced (lumina area/ total area ratio were 0. 58 +/- 0.11 versus 0.80 +/- 0.16, 0.77 +/- 0.16, respectively). Proliferation of VSMC was inhibited (cell proliferation indexes were 31.03%+/-6.80% versus 20.32% +/- 9.19%, 16.22% +/- 5.85%, respectively) and cell apoptosis level raised (cell apoptosis indexes were 16.27% +/- 6.49% versus 33.39% +/- 7.05%, 33.42% +/- 7.11%, respectively). There was no significant difference between group 3 and group 4. CONCLUSION: Both locally applied slow-releasing Sirolimus and oral Rapamune could inhibit vein graft neointima hyperplasia; Administration via local delivery was preferred for little side-effect on the whole body. This conclusion provides support for clinical application.

[Local applied slow-releasing rapamycin inhibits neointima hyperplasia in vein graft].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether rapamycin (RPM) can reduce the neointima formation in the autologous vein graft, thus to provide support for its clinical application. METHODS: Twenty-four male rabbits were made external jugular vein-to-common carotid artery models and then were divided into 4 equal groups at random: blank-control group; F-127 control group receiving local application of 0.5 ml 20% F-127 around the vein graft; low-dose RPM group, receiving local application of 0.5 ml 20% F-127 containing RPM of 50 microg/cm(2); and high dose RPM group, receiving local application of 0.5 ml 20% F-127 containing RPM of 100 microg/cm2. The rabbits were killed 3 weeks later and the samples of vein graft bridge were taken to undergo light microscopy. The ratio of intima to media thickness and restenosis rate (ratio of lumina to lumina plus intima area) were measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells so as to indicate the degree of cell proliferation. The apoptosis cells were detected by TUNEL to indicate the degree of cell apoptosis. RESULTS: The intima thickness levels of the low- and high-dose RPM groups were 29 microm +/- 10 microm and 16 microm +/- 8 microm respectively, both significantly lower than those of the blank-control group and F-127 control group (90 microm +/- 11 microm and 85 microm +/- 11 microm respectively, all P < 0.05). The restenosis rate (lumina area/total area ratio) of the low- and high-dose RPM groups were 0.80 +/- 0.36 and 0.91 +/- 0.13 respectively, both significantly higher than those of the blank-control group and F-127 control group (0.58 +/- 0.11 and 0.65 +/- 0.47 respectively, all P < 0.05). The cell proliferation indicis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the low- and high-dose RPM groups were 20% +/- 9% and 14% +/- 6% respectively, both significantly lower than those of the blank-control group and F-127 control group (31% +/- 7% and 35% +/- 6%, all P < 0.05). The cell apoptosis indicis of the low- and high-dose RPM groups were 33% +/- 7% and 36% +/- 7% respectively, both significantly lower than those of the blank-control group and F-127 control group (16% +/- 6% and 18.% +/- 8% respectively, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Local delivery of slow-releasing RPM by F-127 effectively inhibits the neointima hyperplasia in vein graft by a mechanism of reducing the VSMC proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis.

[Aprotinin reduces myocardial injury in the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aprotinin on the myocardial injury during the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). METHODS: Twenty-four patients undergoing OPCAB randomly were of 12 patients divided into two groups: aprotinin group and Control group (n = 12). In the aprotinin group a loading dose (2 x 10(6) KIU) was administered within the first 30 minutes after the induction followed by continuous infusion of 0.5 x 10(6) KIU/h throughout the operation. The plasma myocardial injury markers CK-MB and cTnI were measured at the four points: (1) After induction; (2) 1 hour after coronary anastomosis; (3) 6 hours and (4) 24 hours after the operation. The blood loss was recorded by autotransfusion in the operation, and the drainage immediately, 6 hours, and 24 hours after the operation. RESULT: Myocardial injury markers CK-MB and cTnI increased significantly after the anastomosis in each group; cTnI was lower in the aprotinin group than in the control group at the third and forth points (P < 0.05). The post-operative drainage after 6 hours and 24 hours were lower in the aprotinin group than in control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is the myocardial injury during OPCAB. Aprotinin can reduce the myocardial injury during OPCAB.