RESUMEN
Cu-catalyzed asymmetric construction of a chiral quaternary center bearing CH3 and CF3 groups was achieved with high to excellent enantioselectivity using our originally developed ligands. The asymmetric conjugate addition of Me3Al to ß-CF3-substituted enones and unsaturated ketoesters proceeded efficiently. The use of unsaturated ketoesters gives optically active furanones in high yields with high enantioselectivities. The perfluoroalkyl-substituted enone does not seem to be favorable in the present reaction.
RESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chondrocyte apoptosis in rabbit temporomandibular joint after anterior disc displacement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Experimental anterior disc displacement was induced surgically in 20 Japanese rabbits without opening their temporomandibular joint bursas. Histopathologic and apoptotic (TUNEL) analysis was used to evaluate the changes in articular cartilage, disc and synovium.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Condyle chondrocyte showed apoptosis most obviously at 1 or 2 weeks after surgery, and apoptotic cells concentrated in proliferative zone and hypertrophic zone. 4 or 6 weeks after surgery, the joint went into a remodelling period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chondrocyte apoptosis in temporomandibular joint will be activated after anterior disc displacement, which initiates the remodelling in temporomandibular joint.</p>