RESUMEN
Examinations of 202 patients (337 eyes) with different forms of macular dystrophies, such as idiopathic flat detachment of the retina in the macular area, central sclerotic dystrophy of the retina, tapetoretinal macular degeneration, outcome of local inflammation of pigmented epithelium, post-traumatic central chorioretinitis, etc., allowed to receive data confirming high information value of a method based on the phenomenon of dynamic scotoma of disadaptation as compared with examinations on the Amsler's grid and campimetry. Thus, metamorphopsias were revealed on the Amsler's grid in 193 eyes (57%), changes by means of campimetry--in 171 eyes (51%), while dynamic scotoma disadaptation was revealed in 337 eyes (100%). The method is most effective at early stages of the disease because it allows to reveal it in the presence of high visual acuity and negative data of the Amsler's grid and campimetry.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación a la Oscuridad/fisiología , Degeneración Macular/diagnóstico , Escotoma/fisiopatología , Humanos , Degeneración Macular/fisiopatología , Pruebas de Visión/métodos , Agudeza Visual , Pruebas del Campo VisualRESUMEN
The paper describes data on conditions for appearance of a physiologic central retinal scotoma of dark adaptation. Examinations of 80 eyes with normal visual functions have shown that central scotoma of dark adaptation is revealed in conditions of scotopic illumination 20-25 minutes after dark adaptation. The optimal duration of dark adaptation is 40-45 minutes. More frequently scotoma is displaced upwards from the point of fixation, its sizes varying from 4 degrees to 10 degrees by the horizontal meridian and from 3 degrees to 8 degrees by the vertical meridian. The presence of this scotoma should be considered when examining the state of the visual analyser in conditions of scotopic illumination. This can play a certain role in differential diagnostics of clinical ophthalmopathology.
