RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a self-controlled vocal exercise in elderly people with glottal closure insufficiency. DESIGN: Parallel-arm, individual randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Patients who visited one of 10 medical centers under the National Hospital Organization group in Japan for the first time, aged 60 years or older, complaining of aspiration or hoarseness, and endoscopically confirmed to have glottal closure insufficiency owing to vocal cord atrophy, were enrolled in this study. They were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. The patients of the intervention group were given guidance and a DVD about a self-controlled vocal exercise. The maximum phonation time which is a measure of glottal closure was evaluated, and the number of patients who developed pneumonia during the six months was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 543 patients enrolled in this trial, 259 were allocated into the intervention group and 284 into the control; 60 of the intervention group and 75 of the control were not able to continue the trial. A total of 199 patients (age 73.9 ±7.25 years) in the intervention group and 209 (73.3 ±6.68 years) in the control completed the six-month trial. Intervention of the self-controlled vocal exercise extended the maximum phonation time significantly ( p < 0.001). There were two hospitalizations for pneumonia in the intervention group and 18 in the control group, representing a significant difference ( p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The self-controlled vocal exercise allowed patients to achieve vocal cord adduction and improve glottal closure insufficiency, which reduced the rate of hospitalization for pneumonia significantly. CLINICAL TRIAL: gov Identifier-UMIN000015567.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución/rehabilitación , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Glotis/fisiopatología , Neumonía por Aspiración/prevención & control , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Trastornos de Deglución/complicaciones , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico , Humanos , Japón , Laringoscopía/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cooperación del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Neumonía por Aspiración/etiología , Pronóstico , Recuperación de la Función , Valores de Referencia , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Sexuales , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the salivary gland is extremely rare. We report on a case of LCNEC in the submandibular gland. A 58-year-old male had a four-month history of an enlarging mass in his left submandibular region. He underwent lymph node resection and metastasis of LCNEC was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck showed a solid submandibular gland tumor with marginal blurring. Positron-emission tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed no evidence of malignancy other than in the left submandibular gland. He underwent left submandibular gland resection and left upper neck dissection. The final diagnosis was LCNEC of the submandibular gland; surgical margin was negative. Fourteen months later he is free of tumors. This is the first report of LCNEC of the submandibular gland. LCNEC of the salivary gland shows high-grade malignancy like that of the lung. According to past reports, two of four patients died despite multidisciplinary treatments. There are no standard treatments for LCNEC of the salivary glands. More studies are needed to define prognostic factors and establish therapeutic methods.
