Comparison of bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to systematically compare the bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia. The PubMed, ISI (all), and Scopus databases were searched for the selected keywords up to November 1, 2021, without date or language restrictions. In vitro studies comparing the bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia were eligible for inclusion in the study. The selected articles were divided into four groups based on the type of resin cement and the storage time. Statistical analysis was performed using the Biostat Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2 (α = 0.05). The effect of conventional cement ( Glass Ionomer (GI), Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (RMGI) and zinc phosphate) was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The initial search yielded 376 articles, of which 26 were selected after a methodological assessment. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The results showed that the immediate or delay bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia has no significant difference with the bond strength of self-etch resin cement to zirconia. The immediate and delay bond strength of total-etch cement-zirconia was significantly lower than that of self-adhesive cement-zirconia (P = 0.00). A descriptive analysis of the selected articles showed that the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia was significantly higher than total-etch cement. The results of the meta-analysis showed that both self-adhesive and self-etch resin cement (if applied according to their manufacturer's instruction) are suitable for bonding to zirconia.

Success and Behavior During Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, the Hall Technique, and the Stainless Steel Crown Technique for Primary Molar Teeth.

Purposes: The purposes of this prospective trial were to: (1) compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of three restorative methods -modified atraumatic restorative treatment (mART), the Hall technique (HT), and stainless steel crown (SSC)-in primary molars with multi-surface carious lesions; and (2) assess child behavior throughout these treatments. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), 123 primary molars in four- to nine-year-old children were randomly divided into treatment groups (HT, mART, and SSC). Variables, including signs of failure, treatment time, child's discomfort, child's behavior, and canine overbite relationship in HT, were recorded immediately after the treatment and at six- and 12-month recalls. Results: Failures occurred most significantly for mART at all recalls (P=0.001). The treatment time was significantly higher in SSC. There was no significant difference in the child-assessment of discomfort (P=0.814). The child's behavior, as evaluated by the dentist, however, was significantly better for the SSC group. Alterations to the canine overbite relationship of HT decreased significantly during recalls (P<0.001). Conclusions: The high success and shorter treatment time of the Hall technique support its consideration as an alternative to the conventional technique for the treatment of carious primary teeth with multisurface lesions. The results for modified atraumatic restorative treatment were not as satisfying.

Management of oral mucositis in pediatric patients receiving cancer therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: One of the most common complications of cancer chemotherapy is oral mucositis (OM). OM affects more than 75% of patients undergoing chemotherapy and represents a significant burden to patients and caregivers. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to investigate the effects of agents and techniques in reducing OM. PROCEDURE: This systematic review investigated, critically appraised, and rated the evidence on agents used to manage OM in children undergoing cancer therapy. A comprehensive search of the relevant literature was performed from January 2006 to December 2017. MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, and the Web of Science were searched. Nine eligible studies were identified. Using random-effects models, standardized mean difference was estimated between treated and control groups across all studies. The Cochran test and the I2 index were performed for heterogeneity between studies. The significance level was set at P = 0.05. RESULTS: Palifermin reduced the incidence (OR = 4.131, P = 0.000), duration (St diff mean = 0.803, P = 0.000), and severity (St diff mean = 0.637, P = 0.000) of OM in pediatric cancer patients significantly. However, the laser did not show significant efficacy in decreasing the incidence rate of OM (OR = 2.870, P = 0.364). CONCLUSION: This review provided a comprehensive examination of available options for children who have OM. The results support the possibility of a positive effect of palifermin on reducing OM in children receiving cancer therapy.

Are self-etch adhesives reliable for primary tooth dentin? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the dentin bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives to primary teeth. In this study, PubMed, ISI (all databases), Scopus, and Cochrane Database were searched according to the selected keywords up to May 11, 2016. The full texts of published articles that appeared to meet the primary criteria for inclusion in this study were obtained. Due to the variation in the methods used, the studies were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 - studies that evaluated the micro-tensile bond strengths (MTBSs) of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives and two-step self-etch adhesives and Group 2 - studies that evaluated the MTBSs of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives and one-step self-etch adhesives. The initial search yielded 1447 publications. After a methodological assessment, 8 publications were selected. The results of this study showed that the MTBS of the etch-and-rinse adhesives and the two-step self-etch adhesives were similar (P = 0.34), and both were significantly higher than that of the one-step self-etch adhesive (P = 0.001). This meta-analysis showed that the application of two-step self-etch adhesives performs well when used for primary dentin and can be used to save time in pediatric dentistry.

Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Oral Clefts in Offspring.

INTRODUCTION: There is controversial evidence from the literature regarding the protective effect of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy against orofacial clefts. The authors undertook this meta-analysis to assess whether folate supplementation during pregnancy can reduce the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO) in infants. METHODS: Eligible articles were identified by searching databases, including PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ISI (Web of Knowledge) to September 2017. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of maternal supplementation on oral clefts. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using Stata software. Publication bias was assessed by the Begg and Egger test. (Registration ID: CRD42018083922) RESULTS:: Out of the 1630 articles found in the authors' initial literature searches, 6 cohort studies, and 31 case-control studies were included in the authors' final meta-analysis. The results of the main analysis revealed that maternal folate supplementation was associated with a modest but statically significant decreased risk of all cleft subtypes (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.78). Folic acid intake alone was inversely associated with CL/P (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.85,) but to a lesser extent than CPO (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 053-1.04). Multivitamin intake had a significant protective effect for CL/P (OR = 0.65 95% CI = 0.55-0.80) as well as CPO (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.53-0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that maternal supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the risk of nonsyndromic CL/P and CPO in infants. These data can serve to reassure women planning a pregnancy to consume multivitamins during the periconception period to protect against oral clefts.

Can Chlorhexidine enhance the Bond Strength of Self-etch and Etch-and-rinse Systems to Primary Teeth Dentin?

Introduction: Modifying the durability of resin bonding systems resulted in introducing materials with cross-link property, such as chlorhexidine (CHX) that can promote the strength of resin-dentin bonding. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of CHX on shear bond strength (SBS) of self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (E&R) bonding systems to the primary teeth dentin. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 40 freshly extracted primary molars collected and were cut mesiodistally, and then the buccal and lingual surface enamel was grounded. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups: I: Single Bond adhesive and II: Clearfil SE Bond adhesive. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups: On the buccal surface of each sample CHX was applied for 30 seconds and on the lingual surface of (I2, II2 groups), CHX was not applied. The SBS (MPa) of samples was assessed using the Zwick universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16. Results: The mean SBS was significantly higher in the Single Bond group with CHX (66.45 ± 8.3) than without CHX (25.43 ± 12.94) in the nonaging group (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the mean SBS in the Clearfil SE Bond group with CHX and without CHX in the aging and nonaging groups. Conclusion: CHX had positive influence on immediate SBS of Single Bond adhesive to primary teeth dentin. In addition, no positive effect has been seen in the Clearfil SE Bond system. Clinical significance: Now more researches are needed about the recommendation of CHX in resin restorations of primary teeth. Keywords: Chlorhexidine, Etch-and-rinse adhesive, Failure pattern, Self-etch adhesive, Shear bond strength.

A smart rotary technique versus conventional pulpectomy for primary teeth: A randomized controlled clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Techniques with adequate accuracy of working length determination along with shorter duration of treatment in pulpectomy procedure seems to be essential in pediatric dentistry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of root canal length measurement with Root ZX II apex locator and rotary system in pulpectomy of primary teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this randomized control clinical trial complete pulpectomy was performed on 80 mandibular primary molars in 80, 4-6-year-old children. The study population was randomly divided into case and control groups. In control group conventional pulpectomy was performed and in the case group working length was determined by electronic apex locator Root ZXII and instrumented with Mtwo rotary files. Statistical evaluation was performed using Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests (P<0.05). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between electronic apex locator Root ZXII and conventional method in accuracy of root canal length determination. However significantly less time was needed for instrumenting with rotary files (P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the comparable results in accuracy of root canal length determination and the considerably shorter instrumentation time in Root ZXII apex locator and rotary system, it may be suggested for pulpectomy in primary molar teeth. Key words:Rotary technique, conventional technique, pulpectomy, primary teeth.

PubMed-Indexed Dental Publications from Iran: A Scientometric Study.

OBJECTIVES: Scientometric methods and the resulting citations have been applied to investigate the scientific performance of a nation. The present study was designed to collect the statistical information of dental articles by Iranian authors published in PubMed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the PubMed database for dental articles of Iranian authors until June 31, 2015. All abstracts were manually reviewed in order to exclude false retrievals. The number of articles per dental subspecialties, distribution of research designs, Scopus/Google Scholar citation of each article, number of authors and affiliation of the first/corresponding author were extracted and transferred to Microsoft Excel. The data were further analyzed to illustrate the related scientometric indicators. RESULTS: A total of 3,835 articles were retrieved according to the selection criteria. The number of PubMed-indexed publications between 2008 and 2015 showed a seven-fold increase. The majority of articles were written by four authors (24.56%). Systematic reviews and clinical trials constituted 9.20% of all publications. The number and percentage of articles with ≥4 citations from Google Scholar (n=2024; 52.78%) were higher than those from Scopus (n=1015; 26.47%). According to affiliated departments of the first authors, the top three dental subspecialties with the highest number of publications belonged to endodontics (19.82%), orthodontics (11.13%) and oral and maxillofacial surgery (10.33%). Moreover, the majority of articles originated from Shahid Beheshti- (14.47%), Tehran- (13.72%) and Mashhad- (12.28%) University of Medical Sciences. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of PubMed-indexed dental publications originating from Iran revealed a growing trend in the recent years.

Treatment of gingival physiologic pigmentation in adolescents by liquid nitrogen cryosurgery: 24-month follow-up.

Although gingival pigmentation is physiologic in most cases, esthetic concerns regarding "black gums" are common among adolescents. Numerous procedures have been suggested to treat this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen for the removal of physiologic gingival pigmentation (PGP) in adolescents. Melanin pigmentation of the anterior segments in 15 patients was treated using liquid nitrogen. Standard digital photographs were taken preoperatively and at 3, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Photographs were analyzed digitally and showed significant differences in gingival color between the preoperative and postoperative follow-ups. Cryosurgery successfully removed PGP in adolescents.

Comparison of dietary intake between fixed orthodontic patients and control subjects.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period of rapid physiological and psychological development which is associated with an increased demand in nutritional requirements. Orthodontic therapy is also commonly initiated during this phase of life and nutritional intake may also change during treatment. AIMS: To compare the nutrient intakes of adolescents wearing fixed orthodontic appliances and a control group matched for age and gender. METHOD: A total of 180 patients aged between 15 and 17 years participated in this study (90 in the study group and 90 controls). Demographic data were collected by questionnaire and dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour memory recall and was analysed using Dietplan6 software (Forestfield Software Ltd, UK). Comparisons between groups were assessed by the Independent sample t-test dnd the SPSS was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Orthodontic patients consumed a similar number of total calories, protein and carbohydrate (p > 0.05); however, they had a greater intake of total fat, saturated fat, monosaturated fat, polysaturated fat, linolenic fat, linoleic fat and cholesterol and significantly lower intake of fibre, chromium and beta-carotene (p < 0.05) compared with the Control group. The intake of other macro- and micro-nutrients did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents receiving orthodontic treatment have an altered dietary intake that can be harmful to their health. As adolescents are at a critical stage of development and dietary intake is of particular importance, it is recommended that targeted nutritional guidance is provided to patients during orthodontic treatment.