The efficacy of non-narcotic analgesics on post-operative endodontic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis: The efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or paracetamol on post-operative endodontic pain.

The objective of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of non-narcotic analgesics including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or paracetamol in the treatment of post-operative endodontic pain. Additionally, we aimed to examine the possible association of study covariates on the pain scores using meta-regression analysis. An electronic search was performed in 2016. After data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies (n = 27, representing 2188 patients), meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect inverse variance method. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between effect sizes and study-level covariates (P < 0·05). The results showed that administration of non-narcotic analgesic was more effective than placebo in the management of post-operative pain, resulting in a lower pain scores with a standardised mean difference of -0·50 (95% CI= -0·70, -0·30), -0·76 (95%CI= -0·95, -0·56), -1·15 (95% CI= -1·52, -0·78), -0·65 (95% CI= -1·05, -0·26) for immediately after the procedure, 6-, 12- and 24 h post-operative follow-ups (test for statistical heterogeneity: P = 0·000, P = 0·000, P = 0·000 and P = 0·001), respectively. Our meta-regression analysis provided the evidence for association between some study covariates with treatment effect, each at different follow-ups. We concluded that the clinicians can manage post-operative endodontic pain by administration of NSAIDs and/or paracetamol. However, analgesic regimens should be considered as important determinants when prescribing a pharmacological adjuvant.

A survey of the Agrotis of Iran.

The present study reviews the genus Agrotis Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae) in Iran from a taxonomic and faunistic point of view. An identification key of external features is presented for 16 Iranian species and subspecies. A description of each taxon is presented based on external male and female genital characteristics. Diagnostic features and comparisons with the closest relatives are given for each species. Original combination and citation with the synonymy of each species or subspecies are expounded as well as their distribution and bionomy. Adult moths and male genitalia are illustrated.

MTA and ferric sulfate in pulpotomy outcomes of primary molars: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Methods of systematic review and meta analysis were employed to compare the success rate of pulpotomy of primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and ferric sulfate (FS) as two regenerative and preservative agents, respectively. STUDY DESIGN: After raising a PICO question (In pulpotomy of vital carious-exposed primary molars, how does MTA compare to FS in terms of clinical and radiographic outcomes?) and determining the search strategy, MeSH-matching keywords were searched in four electronic databases and retrieved papers were examined in titles, and if necessary abstracts and full texts, to be relevant. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating pulpotomy of vital primary molars after carious/traumatic exposure conducted with either FS or MTA, with at least a 6-month recall, tooth restorability, and those considering clinical and radiographic signs/symptoms, were included. The nonrandomized allocation and absence of comparison between the treatment groups caused the exclusion of the article. The quality of the RCTs and also their risk of bias (low, moderate, high), were assessed using a modification of van Tulder list; for meta-analysis of the matching studies, the extracted data were analyzed by Mantel Hanszel analysis. RESULTS: A total number of 620 articles were found. After exclusion of the common titles and application of the eligibility criteria, 4 RCTs [12-month follow-up: n=3, 24-month follow-up: n=4, in total: 264 teeth) comparing MTA and FS, were selected. It was showed that the 12-month outcome of both materials were similar [RR= 0.642 (CI 95%: 0.225-1.833, P=0.407)], while the two-year follow-up results revealed significant differences in treatment outcome, in favor of MTA [RR was 0.300 (CI 95%: 0.132-0.683, P=0.004)]. CONCLUSION: MTA demonstrated superior long-term treatment outcomes in pulpotomy of primary molars than FS.

Necessity of Routine Forearm Radiography before Arterio Venous Fistula Creation in Diabetics & Old Patients

AVF loss and recurrent requirement of AVF constitution increase with HD vintage. Studies in different regions shows different results in the impact of presence of DM on AVF survival. This study showed that age and DM had significant relation with arterial calcification in Iranian patients who had renal failure.

Communicating hematocele in children following splenic rupture: diagnosis and management.

Acute hematocele is commonly associated with direct testicular trauma. Blood within the tunica vaginalis may infrequently accompany blunt abdominal injury in the presence of a communicating hydrocele. Optimal management involves early recognition and treatment of the abdominal source of bleeding. Elective repair of the communicating hydrocele/hematocele should follow. We report 2 cases of boys with scrotal swelling due to communicating hematoceles. Both cases were associated with a patent processus vaginalis and splenic laceration secondary to blunt trauma.

Effects of vinorelbine on epidermal growth factor-receptor binding of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro.

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a mitogenic peptide that binds to surface membrane receptors (EGFR) of breast cancer cells. After binding, secondary transmitter molecules are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation of the intracellular receptor domaine. The activity of the EGF/EGFR system can be modulated by a variety of chemically unrelated compounds including cytostatic agents. The purpose of our present study was to determine the effects of vinorelbine, a novel semisynthetic vinca alkaloid on EGF receptor binding on human breast cancer cells. We have found that MDA-231 and MDA-468 cells bind substantially more [125I]-EGF after preincubation with vinorelbine. This effect was concentration- and time-dependent reaching a maximum at 100 ng/ml and 24 h incubation. Subsequent experiments showed an increase in the rate of EGF binding as well as maximal binding capacity. Scatchard analysis of binding experiments under equilibrium conditions indicated that this was mainly due to an increase in the number of apparent EGF binding sites. Modulation of EGF receptor binding by vinorelbine was not detectable when isolated membranes were used indicating that intact cytoplasmatic mechanisms are required for the upregulation of EGF receptors.