Dataset on elemental composition of soils and plants under long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers on gray forest soils in Vladimir region, Russia.

Long-term application of organic and mineral fertilizers can lead to changes in the elemental composition of agroecosystem components. Both the levels of nutrients and potentially toxic elements can change, as can the potential for these elements to be available to plants through changes in soil properties. Soil and plant samples of two species (pea Pisum sativum L. and oat Avena sativa L.) were collected from plots of a long-term field experiment on the application of mineral and organic fertilizers and their combinations to gray forest soils in the Vladimir region, Russia. Soil samples from the 0-20 and 20-40 cm layers were subjected to acid digestion to determine total element content. Mobile forms of elements were extracted from topsoil samples using acetate-ammonium buffer (pH 4.8). Sample preparation of pea and oat plant organs (stems, leaves, pods/ears) included sample digestion in a microwave sample digestion system ETHOS EASY (Milestone, Italy). The elemental composition of the samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using Agilent 5800 ICP-OES (Agilent Technologies, USA). The dataset includes concentration data for 34 elements, including rare earth elements, in these samples collected in 2021. The dataset also contains general agrochemical characteristics of soils of the experimental groups: pH of water and salt suspension, organic carbon content, mobile forms of phosphorus. The data can be valuable to researchers developing fertilizer application systems and modeling changes in the elemental composition of agroecosystems.

Circulating Marangoni flows within droplets in smectic films.

We present a theoretical study and numerical simulation of Marangoni convection within ellipsoidal isotropic droplets embedded in free-standing smectic films (FSSFs). The thermocapillary flows are analyzed for both isotropic droplets spontaneously formed in FSSF overheated above the bulk smectic-isotropic transition and oil lenses deposited on the surface of the smectic film. The realistic model for which the upper drop interface is free from the smectic layers, while at the lower drop surface the smectic layering persists is considered in detail. For isotropic droplets and oil lenses this leads effectively to a sticking of fluid motion at the border with a smectic shell. The above mentioned asymmetric configuration is realized experimentally when the temperature of the upper side of the film is higher than at the lower one. The full set of stationary solutions for Stokes stream functions describing the Marangoni convection flows within the ellipsoidal drops are derived analytically. The temperature distribution in the ellipsoidal drop and the surrounding air is determined in the frame of the perturbation theory. As a result, the analytical solutions for the stationary thermocapillary convection are obtained for different droplet ellipticity ratios and the heat conductivity of the liquid crystal and air. In parallel, the numerical hydrodynamic calculations of the thermocapillary motion in drops are made. Both analytical and numerical simulations predict the axially symmetric circulatory convection motion determined by the Marangoni effect at the droplet-free surface. Due to a curvature of the drop interface a temperature gradient along its free surface always exists. Thus, the thermocapillary convection within the ellipsoidal droplets in overheated FSSF is possible for the arbitrarily small Marangoni numbers. Possible experimental observations enabling the checking of our predictions are proposed.

Direct solubility determination in optically dense solutions of highly soluble chromophores by the optoacoustic technique: Acidity dependence for Phenol Red.

The optoacoustic (OA) technique capable for light-absorption measurements in highly concentrated solutions is applied for direct solubility assessment in highly absorbing saturated solutions without any dilution or sample preparation. Maximum solubility of Phenol Red in aqueous solutions at pH>11 is found to be 1.3±0.1 g/L. The experimental dependence of solubility of Phenol Red on solution acidity was obtained with optoacoustic and conventional spectrophotometric measurements. The data from both methods show complementary results. The model of the solubility of Phenol Red on solution acidity describing the experimental dependence is proposed, which cannot be attained at pHs above 7 without the OA-technique.

[The influence of microvessel density in the tumor on the prognosis in patients with stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer after surgical treatment].

A study of the prognostic role of microvessel density in tumors of patients with stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was performed from June 2008 to June 2011. Determination of microvessel density using the marker CD31 was conducted in 114 patients. Microvessel density was significantly correlated with tumor size: so at greater than 3 cm in diameter, the content of microvessels was 68.7 +/- 3.1, with a smaller tumor size--48.6 +/- 4.5. Independent prognostic markers in patients with stage I-II NSCLC after surgery are histological type (HR = 2.97), tumor size (HR = 4.5), and the number of microvessels in tumor (HR = 3.2).

[Individual development and lessons of evolutionism].

The present crisis of evolutionism was predictable initially, since the preformational model of development expressed in the idea of discrete heredity contradicts the systemic properties of ontogenesis. Correspondingly, the principle of selection of inherited factors cannot explain evolution. The synthetic theory based on this principle contains insoluble contradictions in its key notions. According to the alternative epigenetic theory based on the integrity of living organization, heredity is a product of selection and expresses teleonomic direction of development to a stable final state. Unification of the genetic concept of evolution with recognition of the integrity of development is principally impossible. The cause of dominance of genetic views on evolution consists in the correspondence of the mechanistic tradition of the 18-19th centuries, rather than in their logistic substantiation. For the same reason, the biology as a whole is characterized by identification of specific linear dependences with the laws of evolution. Following this path in search for "new evolutionary synthesis" invites a priori its failure. Evolutionary interpretation of genetic generalizations is only possible on the basis of their description in terms of development.

[The morphological changes in the lung after its dissection with a CO2 laser and a plasma scalpel in an experiment]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia legkogo posle rassecheniia ego s pomoshch'iu CO2-lazera i plazmennogo skal'pelia v éksperimente.

An advantage of the laser scalpel over the plasma scalpel was shown in experiments in animals (60 observation). On the 3rd-5th days after cutting with a laser the inflammation symptoms subside and on the 7th day there appear fine fibrous connective tissue since the operation with the plasma scalpel is followed by the formation of the fine fibrous connective tissue as late as on the 10th-14th days, the inflammatory reaction being observed up to the 30th day.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of benign tumors of the lungs]. / Diagnostika i khirurgicheskoe lechenie dobrokachestvennykh opukholei lëgkikh.

Benign tumors of the lungs may be treated only by operation. Operative treatment may be rejected in patients with tumors measuring less than 2 cm in diameter and absence of clinical signs of their growth. In central benign lung tumors, preference must be given to organ-preserving operations: bronchotomy with adenomectomy, resection of the bronchus together with the involved part and subsequent plastics. In peripheral tumors their enucleation of economical resection is advisable. The most promising method is precision laser removal of benign lung tumors providing reliable aero- and hemostasis.

[Combined use of various laser radiations in thoracic surgery in experimental studies]. / Sochetannoe primenenie pazlichnykh vidov lazernogo izlucheniia v torakalnoi khirurgii v éksperimente.

The impact of various types of low-intensive lasers (He-Ne, copper vapour, ultraviolet, infrared, infrared gallium arsenide) on healing of a wound made by CO2 laser at an output power of 25 W was studied in an experiment on 120 albino Wistar rats. It was found that a concurrent application of high- and low-intensive lasers resulted in acceleration of reparative processes in the lung, stimulating the healing of laser-induced wounds. The infrared gallium arsenide laser was demonstrated to be the best tool in stimulating the healing process.

[Diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal neoplasms and cysts]. / Diagnostika i lechenie opukholei i kist sredosteniia.

Possessing experience in the treatment of 314 patients with tumors and cysts of the mediastinum, the authors discuss problems of their diagnosis and surgical treatment. The patients' ages ranged from 7 to 64 years. Tumors were recognized in 216 (68.8%) and cysts in 98 (31.3%) patients. The radiological method, including computed tomography, is the main method for the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors and cysts. The presence of a pathological structure in the mediastinum is an indication for surgery independent of the development of complications. Operations for tumors and cysts of the mediastinum must be carried out in specialized medical institutions because they are complicated surgical interventions.