Community structure of bacterioplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in the upper reaches of the Heihe River in Qinghai Plateau.

Planktonic microorganisms play a key role in the biogeochemical processes of the aquatic system, and they may be affected by many factors. High-throughput sequencing technology was used in this study to investigate and study the bacterioplankton community of water bodies in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin in Qinghai Plateau. Results showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria are the predominant phyla in this river section, while the main genera are Thiomonas, Acidibacillus, Acidocella, Rhodanobacter, Acidithiobacter and Gallionella, which are autochthonous in the acid-mine drainage. Additionally, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, permanganate index and pH are significantly correlated with the bacterioplankton abundance and are the main limiting factors for the spatial distribution of the bacterioplankton. PICRUSt inferred that the mainstream microbial assemblages had a higher abundance of KOs belong to metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, while the tributary had higher abundance of KOs belong to the immune system. The relationship between bacterioplankton community composition and environmental factors in the Heihe River basin was discussed for the first time in this study, which provides a theoretical basis for the healthy, orderly development of the water environment in the Heihe River Basin.

Study on Adsorption of Two Sulfonamide Antibiotics by Graphene Oxide / 分析化学

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by modified Hummers method with graphite as raw materials and used as adsorbent for sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and sulfamerazine (SMR) in aqueous solutions.The graphene oxide was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The effects of pH value,adsorption time,initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption property of GO to two sulfonamide antibiotics were investigated and combined with the physical and chemical properties of two kinds of antibiotics.The result showed the maximum adsorption capacity were 138.50 mg/g and 96.06 mg/g at pH=1,adsorbent dosage of 20 mg,45℃,adsorption time of 100 min and 120 min for SMZ and SMR,respectively.The adsorption data of SMZ and SMR fitted well with the Pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model.The adsorption properties of GO were evaluated with lake water and tap water as real samples and good results were obtained.GO could be used as enrichment and separation materials for sample pretreatment and removing pollutant in wastewater.

Analysis of the Detection for the LPD Patients with EB Infection / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the detection results for the patients with lymphoproliferative disease(LPD) accompanied with the infection of EB.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The EBV specific antibody, serum cytokine, EBV DNA copy number in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) of 70 LPD patients and 70 healthy volunteers were analyzed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of VCA-IgG and VCA-IgM were not significantly different in two groups (P>0.05); The positive rate of EA-IgG in the PLD patient group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); the levels of IL-18 and IFN-γ were not significantly different between the 2 group (P>0.05); the EBV DNA copy number in PBMNC of the PLD patient group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The patients with LPD show the active infection of EBV, that is the main reason for the abnormal function of lymphatic system in the patients with LPD. The active infection of EBV maybe involve in PLD pathogenesis.</p>

The progress of microRNAs in early diagnosis and predictions of treatment efficacy and prognosis of pancreatic cancer / 肿瘤

Pancreatic cancer is of high malignance and poor prognosis, and it still lacks effective treatment currently. The main problems to be solved in the research of pancreatic cancer treatment are involved with low rate of diagnosis, high rate of drug resistance and high mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small, non-coding RNAs consisting of 19-24 nucleotides and may act as oncogenes and anti-oncogenes. MiRNAs play an important role in development, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of pancreatic cancer, hence it may become a potential candidate of molecular biomarker for diagnosis and predictions of drug resistance and prognosis. More and more studies have demonstrated that miRNAs have a close relationship with pancreatic cancer, but the mechanism is still unclear. Further studies on the changes and specific functions of miRNAs in development and progression of pancreatic cancer will improve the understanding of the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Primary mucosal tuberculosis of head and neck region: a clinicopathologic analysis of 47 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, histologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary mucosal tuberculosis (TB) in the head and neck region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven cases of primary mucosal TB of the head and neck region were studied by hematoxylin-eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen stains. The clinical and pathologic features were analyzed with review of the literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients included 26 male and 21 female, with mean age 47.1 years (range 14-84 years). There were three sinonasal TB, 19 nasopharyngeal TB, two oropharyngeal TB, 18 laryngeal TB, four middle ear TB, one salivary gland TB and one laryngeal TB complicating laryngeal cancer. The initial symptoms were nasal obstruction, mucopurulent rhinorrhea, epistaxis, snoring, hoarseness, dysphagia, odynophagia, serous otitis, hearing loss, tinnitus, and otalgia. Physical examination result was variable, from an apparently normal mucosa, to an evident mass, or a mucosa with an adenotic or swollen appearance, ulcers, leukoplakic areas, and various combinations thereof. CT and MRI findings included diffuse thickening, a soft-tissue mass, calcification within the mass and bone destruction resembling malignancy. Histologic examination showed granulomas with a central necrotic focus surrounded by epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated Langhan's giant cells. Acid-fast bacilli were difficult to demonstrate but found in 13/45 cases. Follow-up data were available in 42 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary TB arising in the head and neck mucosa is rare. It may mimic or co-exist with other conditions. The characteristic histopathology is a granuloma with central caseous necrosis and Langhans'giant cells. Identification of acid-fast bacilli and bacteriologic culture confirm the diagnosis of mycobacterial disease.</p>

Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease of upper respiratory tract: a clinicopathologic study / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) of the upper respiratory tract.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical features of 10 cases of RDD were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 10 cases studied, there were 3 males and 7 females. The age of patients ranged from 20 to 61 years old (mean 38 years). The lesion arose in the nasal cavity (7 cases), nasopharynx (2 cases) or hard palate to trachea (1 case). Most of the patients presented with nasal obstruction, rhinorrhagia or tumor mass in the nasal/nasopharyngeal regions. CT scan often showed the presence of soft tissue lesion without bone destruction. Histologically, extranodal RDD was characterized by light-staining bands alternating with dark-staining bands. The light-staining bands were formed by aggregates of large round or polygonal histiocytes with emperipoiesis. The dark-staining bands were formed by abundant lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. Immunohistochemical study showed that the histiocytes strongly expressed S-100 protein and partially expressed CD68. Six patients had no recurrence after surgical resection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Extranodal RDD of the upper respiratory tract is a rare disorder of histiocytic proliferation, which usually involves the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. RDD can easily mimic rhinoscleroma, mainly due to the overlapping morphologic appearance. Immunohistochemical study is helpful in the differential diagnosis.</p>

Metastatic tumors in nasal cavity and pharynx: a clinicopathological analysis of 11 cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of metastatic tumors in nasal cavity and pharynx.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological data of 11 patients was studied retrospectively with a literature review. Among 11 cases, 7 patients were males and 4 females. Ages ranged from 46 to 78 years old. The sites of the metastatic tumor involvement included 5 cases of nasal cavity (3 cases derived from kidney, 1 case from lung, 1 case from liver), 3 cases of nasopharynx (1 case derived from rectum, 1 case from lung, 1 case from eyelid), 2 cases of palatine tonsil (1 case derived from lung, 1 case from liver) and 1 case of laryngopharynx (1 case derived from liver). All cases were lack of specific clinical symptoms related to metastatic sites. The treatment was primarily based on radical metastasectomy and systemic therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histopathologically, clear cell carcinoma was the most common (4/11), followed by adenocarcinoma (2/11), hepatocellular carcinoma (2/11), tubular adenocarcinoma (1/11), intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (1/11) and eyelid board carcinoma (1/11).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of metastatic tumors in nasal cavity and pharynx is extremely low. The definite diagnosis mainly relies on the history of primary cancer and the morphological characteristics of metastatic tumor. The treatment is primarily based on radical metastasectomy and systemic therapy.</p>

The study of insulin resistance and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in normotensive adolescents with a family history of hypertension.

To investigate the changes of insulin resistance and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in normotensive adolescents with a family history of hypertension (FH) and to analyse the related factors. The study included 142 normotensive adolescents aged 13-15 years. On the basis of an FH, the samples were divided into positive FH (FH(+) group) and negative FH groups (FH(-) group). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). Blood samples were collected and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipids, true insulin (TI) and sICAM-1 were assayed. The FH(+) group had significantly higher levels of FPG, TI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and sICAM-1 than the FH(-) group (P<0.01). HOMA-IR showed positive correlation with body mass index (BMI; r=0.405), WC (r=0.416), systolic BP (SBP; r=0.165), FPG (r=0.427), triglyceride (r=0.195), TI (r=0.993) and negative correlation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.196) (P<0.05). sICAM-1 showed a positive correlation with triglyceride (r=0.239, P<0.01). In multiple linear regression analysis, WC (beta=0.024, P=0.000) and FH (beta=0.467, P=0.000) were significant independent predictors for HOMA-IR, and triglyceride (beta=0.328, P=0.007) and FH (beta=0.395, P=0.016) were significant independent predictors for sICAM-1. These results indicate that insulin resistance and endothelial activation were found in normotensive adolescents with an FH. We should make great efforts to alleviate the insulin resistance and endothelial activation by diet and exercise, and it would reduce the incidence of hypertension in adolescents with an FH.

The development tendencies of infusion pumps/syringe pumps / 中国医疗器械杂志

Through the investigation about the current infusion pumps, the development tendencies of the next generation infusion pumps/Syringe Pumps with regarding to human-factors, practicality and application under MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) were put forward.

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: a clinical, radiologic and pathologic study of 5 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical, radiologic and pathologic features, as well as differential diagnosis of teratocarcinosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Light microscopic examination and immunohistochemical study was performed in 5 cases of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma. The clinical, radiologic and pathologic features were analyzed and the literature was reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 5 patients were males and their age ranged from 34 to 43 years (mean age = 39 years). The clinical presentation was nasal obstruction, epistaxis and headache. Physical examination often revealed a polypoid mass with contact bleeding. Computed tomography showed a homogeneous nasal mass with obturation of sinuses. Cystic changes, calcification or ossification was not observed. Histologically, the tumor showed a heterogeneous admixture of components from the 3 germ cell layers, exhibiting various degrees of maturation. Squamous epithelium, smooth muscle cells, chondro-osseous tissue, intestinal or respiratory type epithelium, "fetal-type" clear cells and immature neuroepithelium were commonly seen. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the epithelial component expressed cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, while the mesenchymal component variably expressed vimentin, smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein. On the other hand, the neuroepithelial component expressed neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromogranin, and the primitive component expressed CD99. The initial biopsy diagnosis included capillary hemangioma, olfactory neuroblastoma, craniopharyngioma and malignant mixed tumor. Follow-up information was available in all patients. Two of which had local recurrence and 1 had cervical lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant tumor occurring in sinonasal tract. It manifests mainly in adult males and is characterized by a complex admixture of teratomatous and carcinosarcomatous components. "Fetal-type" clear cells, squamous epithelium and immature neuroepithelium represent important histologic characteristics useful in diagnosis.</p>

Application of FRET in fluorescence detection of FQ-PCR / 中国医疗器械杂志

The theory of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and methods of fluorescence detection in fluorescent-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) are introduced in this article. Applications of FRET in fluorescence detection of PCR are emphatically discussed, and FRET research progress and future trends are pointed out too.

Application of detecting gene rearrangement in diagnosing and typing of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in nasal cavity / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the significance of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement for B-cell lymphoma and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement for T-cell lymphoma and NK/T-cell lymphoma in diagnosing and typing of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in nasal cavity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Semi-nested polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) with two pairs of primers was used to detect monoclonal IgH gene rearrangement in paraffin-embedded tissues from 11 patients with B-cell lymphoma, and one-stepped PCR with two pairs of primers was used to detect T-cell receptor gene rearrangement from 23 patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma and 20 patients with T-cell lymphoma. Ten patients with nasal polyp were detected with all the primers by PCR respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 54 patients with an evaluable PCR results, 10 of 11 (90. 9% ) B-cell lymphomas were positive for monoclonal IgH gene rearrangement, 17 of 20 (85. 0% ) T-cell lymphomas and 10 of 23 (43. 5% ) NK/T-cell lymphomas were positive for monoclonal TCR gene rearrangement. Ten patients with nasal polyp were negative for all detection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Detecting gene rearrangement was an efficient method in auxiliary diagnosing and typing of primary NHL in nasal cavity; Using semi-nested PCR or one-stepped PCR with two pairs of primers can enhance the positive rate of gene rearrangement detection.</p>

Sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 6 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, histologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sinonasal-type of hemangiopericytoma (SNTHPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, radiographic and pathologic findings of 6 cases of SNTHPC were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed on selected examples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Amongst the 6 patients studied, 4 were males and 2 were females. The age of patients ranged from 56 to 71 years (mean = 60.5 years old). The commonest clinical presentation was nasal obstruction and/or epistaxis. Other symptoms could include increased nasal secretion, eyeball pain, decreased visual acuity, increased tear secretion and headache. The tumor involved nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses. Gross examination showed polypoid tumor masses, brownish fleshy tissue or whitish tumor tissue fragments. Histologically, the tumor showed a mixture of diffuse, fascicular, storiform, reticulated and whorled growth patterns. The tumor cells were spindle-shaped and possessed clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were rarely seen. The intervening vasculature was characteristically thin-walled, with focal hyalinization changes and rarely the staghorn pattern. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells expressed vimentin (6/6), smooth muscle actin (5/6) and CD34 (3/6). Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of intracytoplasmic myofilaments. The tumor cells were linked together by primitive cell junctions. In general, the histologic diagnosis of SNTHPC was difficult, and only 1 case had the correct initial pathologic diagnosis made. Follow-up data were available in 5 patients and 2 of them had local recurrences.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SNTHPC is a low to intermediate grade soft tissue tumor with pericytes differentiation. Correct diagnosis relies on detailed pathologic assessment and application of ancillary investigations.</p>

Redistribution of three alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the stably transfected HEK 293A cells upon agonist stimulation / 生理学报

To investigate the subcellular distribution of three alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes and their internalization and trafficking upon agonist stimulation in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293A cell line, saturation radioligand binding assay, laser confocal imaging, and Western blot were applied to examine the distribution and changes in localization of three alpha(1)-AR subtypes in transfected HEK 293A cells prior to and after treatment with phenylephrine. The results are as follows: (1) The transfection efficiency was over 90%and was equal among three alpha(1)-AR subtypes. alpha(1B ) -AR expression in cell membrane was the highest, and alpha(1D ) -AR was the lowest, as determined by (125)I-BE2254 binding assay, however, K(d)s were not significantly different among the three receptor subtypes. (2) Without agonist stimulation, alpha(1A ) -AR was detected not only on the cell surface but also in the cytosol, alpha(1B ) -AR was predominantly located on the cell surface, whereas alpha(1D ) -AR was mostly detected in the cytosol. (3) After 1 h of stimulation with phenylephrine, as observed using confocal microscope, less alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B ) -AR were detected on the cell surface but more in the cytosol. The change was more remarkable in alpha(1B)-AR than that in alpha(1A)-AR, whereas no change of distribution was detected in alpha(1D)-AR in response to phenylephrine. However, when examined by Western blot, no change in distribution was detected in alpha(1A)- and alpha(1D)-AR, only alpha(1B)-AR showed the same change as that shown in confocal imaging. It is suggested that the characteristics of localization and changes of distribution are different among three alpha(1)-AR subtypes in HEK293A cells upon phenylephrine stimulation.

Significance of ceramide from precancerous lesion to carcinoma of larynx / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of ceramide produced by sphingomyelin in normal laryngeal mucosa, laryngeal precancerous lesion and laryngeal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and seventy-eight consecutive patients with leukoplakia larynx were identified from the archived pathology files of Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University from 1991 to 2001. Among them, 31 patients developed laryngeal carcinoma. Flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry were performed to test DNA content and ceramide expression on normal tissue, precancerous lesions and laryngeal carcinoma</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among thirty-one patients with laryngeal carcinoma, thirty-one cases are all aneuploids, diploids in all normal laryngeal mucosa and three diploids, twenty-eight aneuploids in precancerous lesions. Expression of ceramide decreased gradually from normal tissue, precancerous lesions to laryngeal carcinoma Cell staining per high-power field: (400 +/- 30, 180 +/- 20, 10 +/- 10), t test: P < 0.01. The expression of ceramide in DNA diploid cell (400 +/- 20) is more than that in aneuploid cell (150 +/- 10), t test: P < 0.01.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ceramide, the second messenger in apoptosis, plays a significant role from precancerous lesion to carcinoma of larynx. Reduction of ceramide may be the key factor contribution to laryngeal carcinogenesis.</p>