[A complicated case of calcium urolithiasis in a carrier of SLC7A9 gene mutation responsible for cystinuria].

The article describes a clinical case of kidney stone disease (KSD) in a child of 4 y.o. with calcium urolithiasis. Analysis of chemical content of the kidney stones revealed their calcium-oxalate composition. According to the results of clinical exome sequencing the patient found to be a heterozygous carrier of a pathogenic variant c.695A>G (p.Tyr232Cys) in the gene SLC7A9, attributable for an autosomal recessive form of cystinuria type B. Because of the uroliths calcium composition the patient was also genotyped for SNPs in 15 genes involved in calcium metabolism. Polymorphisms associated with increased risk of calcium urolithiasis were found in 8 of 15 tested genes. The findings could explain clinical features of the patient.

[Molecular and genetic technologies for the diagnosis of monogenic forms of urinary stone disease: clinical cases].

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is an actual problem of modern health care. By now, more than 80 monogenic forms of urolithiasis have been described. To diagnose such forms of KSD different molecular genetic technologies are used. In the current article 5 clinical cases of KSD among the patients aged 1-9 years old are presented. All of them underwent comprehensive instrumental, clinical, laboratory and molecular genetic investigations. DNA analysis was carried out by Next Generation Sequencing method (NGS) (target NGS-panels and Whole Exome Sequencing). In all cases the molecular genetic cause of the disease was found - idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia type 1 (gene CYP24A1 - 3 cases) and cystinuria (gene SLC7A9 - 2 case). Several unknown genetic variants were found in CYP24A1 (c.1379G>T, c.1156A>T, c.1286T>C) and SLC7A9 (c.920T>A). The importance of genetic testing and the role of genetic counseling for patients with KSD were shown.

[Genetic aspects of primary hyperoxaluria: diagnostics and treatment].

Primary hyperoxaluria is a group of inherited metabolic diseases characterized by increased formation of calcium-oxalate stones in kidneys with development of nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney disease. The article summarizes the modern information on the diagnostics and treatment of the disorder depending on genotype of the patient (AGXT, GRHPR, HOGA1 genes). The evaluation of the molecular genetic aetiology of the kidney stone disease contributes to the personalized treatment and prevention of the pathology in the patients and their relatives.