Octa-kis(di-butyl-ammonium) deca-molybdate(VI).

In the title salt, (C8H20N)8[Mo10O34], the [Mo10O34]8- polyanion is located about an inversion centre and can be considered as a ß-type octa-molybdate anion to which two additional MoO4 tetra-hedra are linked via common corners. The [Mo10O34]8- polyanions are packed in rows extending parallel to [001] and are connected to the di-butyl-ammonium counter-cations through N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.

Crystal structure of di-benzyl-ammonium hydrogen (4-amino-phen-yl)arsonate monohydrate.

The title salt, C14H16N+·C6H7AsNO3 -·H2O or [(C6H5CH2)2NH2][H2NC6H4As(OH)O2]·H2O, (I), was synthesized by mixing an aqueous solution of (4-amino-phenyl)-arsonic acid with an ethano-lic solution of di-benzyl-amine at room temperature. Compound I crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group. The three components forming I are linked via N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, resulting in the propagation of an infinite zigzag chain. Additional weak inter-actions between neighbouring chains, such as π-π and N-H⋯O contacts, involving phenyl rings, -NH2 and -As(OH)O3 functions, and H2O, respectively, lead to a three-dimensional network.

Synthesis and topology analysis of chlorido-triphen-yl(triphenyl phosphate-κO)tin(IV).

The title SnIV complex, [Sn(C6H5)3Cl(C18H15O4P)], is a formal adduct between triphenyl phosphate (PhO)3P=O and the stannane derivative chlorido-tri-phenyl-tin, SnPh3Cl. The structure refinement reveals that this mol-ecule displays the largest Sn-O bond length for compounds including the X=O→SnPh3Cl fragment (X = P, S, C, or V), 2.6644 (17) Å. However, an AIM topology analysis based on the wavefunction calculated from the refined X-ray structure shows the presence of a bond critical point (3,-1), lying on the inter-basin surface separating the coordinated phosphate O atom and the Sn atom. This study thus shows that an actual polar covalent bond is formed between (PhO)3P=O and SnPh3Cl moieties.

Tetra-ammonium µ-ethyl-enedi-amine-tetra-acetato-1κ3 O,N,O':2κ3 O'',N',O'''-bis-[trioxidotungstate(VI)] tetra-hydrate.

The title compound, (NH4)4[W2(C10H12N2O8)O6]·4H2O, was obtained from a mixture of tungstic acid, ammonia and ethyl-enedi-amine-tetra-acetic acid (H4edta) in a 2:4:1 ratio. The anion of the complex contains two WO3 units and one bridging edta4- ligand. Each central metal atom is tridentately coordinated by nitro-gen and two carboxyl-ate groups of the edta4- ligand, together with the three oxido ligands, producing a distorted octa-hedral coordination environment around each tungsten atom. The center of the carbon-carbon bond of the ethyl-ene bridge represents a crystallographic inversion center. The crystal structure consists of a three-dimensional supra-molecular framework built up by the dinuclear cations, the ammonium counter-ions and the solvent water mol-ecules via hydrogen bonds of the N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O type.

(3E)-4-[(Naphthalen-1-yl)amino]-pent-3-en-2-one hemihydrate.

The title compound, C15H15NO·0.5H2O, was prepared from α-naphthyl-amine and 2,4-penta-nedione in a 1:1 ratio. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond in the N-naphthyl-pent-3-en-2-one mol-ecule involving the amine and carbonyl groups strengthens the structure. The water mol-ecule interacts with two symmetry-related N-naphthyl-pent-3-en-2-one mol-ecules viaby O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Di-propyl-ammonium 4-amino-benzene-sulfonate.

In the title mol-ecular salt, NH2(C3H7)2 +·[NH2C6H4SO3]-, the cation displays an extended conformation. In the crystal, anion-to-anion N-H⋯O and N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds generate (101) layers. Cation-to-anion N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the layers into a three-dimensional network.

Synthesis, structure determination and characterization by UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy of bis-(diiso-propyl-ammonium) cis-di-chlorido-bis(oxalato-κ2 O 1,O 2)stannate(IV).

The organic-inorganic title salt, (C6H16N)2[Sn(C2O4)2Cl2] or ( i Pr2NH2)2[Sn(C2O4)2Cl2], was obtained by reacting bis-(diiso-propyl-ammonium) oxalate with tin(IV) chloride dihydrate in methanol. The SnIV atom is coordinated by two chelating oxalate ligands and two chloride ions in cis positions, giving rise to an [Sn(C2O4)2Cl2]2- anion (point group symmetry 2), with the SnIV atom in a slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination. The cohesion of the crystal structure is ensured by the formation of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between (iPr2NH2)+ cations and [SnCl2(C2O4)2]2- anions. This gives rise to an infinite chain structure extending parallel to [101]. The main inter-chain inter-actions are van der Waals forces. The electronic spectrum of the title compound displays only one high intensity band in the UV region assignable to ligand-metal ion charge-transfer (LMCT) transitions. An IR spectrum was also recorded and is discussed.

Synthesis and crystal structure of a new hybrid organic-inorganic material containing neutral mol-ecules, cations and hepta-molybdate anions.

The title compound, hexa-kis-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) hepta-molybdate 2-methyl-1H-imidazole disolvate dihydrate, (C4H7N2)6[Mo7O24]·2C4H6N2·2H2O, was prepared from 2-methyl-imidazole and ammonium hepta-molybdate tetra-hydrate in acid solution. The [Mo7O24]6- hepta-molybdate cluster anion is accompanied by six protonated (C4H7N2)+ 2-methyl-imidazolium cations, two neutral C4H6N2 2-methyl-imidazole mol-ecules and two water mol-ecules of crystallization. The cluster consists of seven distorted MoO6 octa-hedra sharing edges or vertices. In the crystal, the components are linked by N-H⋯N, N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O, N-H⋯(O,O) and O-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network. Weak C-H⋯O inter-actions consolidate the packing.

Crystal structure of bis-(diiso-propyl-ammonium) molybdate.

The organic-inorganic title salt, (C6H16N)2[MoO4] or ( i Pr2NH2)2[MoO4], was obtained by reacting MoO3 with diiso-propyl-amine in a 1:2 molar ratio in water. The molybdate anion is located on a twofold rotation axis and exhibits a slightly distorted tetra-hedral configuration. In the crystal structure, the diiso-propyl-ammmonium ( i Pr2NH2)+ cations and [MoO4]2- anions are linked to each other through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating rings with R 12 12(36) motifs that give rise to the formation of a three-dimensional network. The structure was refined taking into account inversion twinning (ratio of ca 4:1 between the two domains).

Crystal structure of bis-(diiso-propyl-ammonium) cis-di-iodido-bis-(oxolato-κ2O1,O2)stannate(IV).

In the title compound, (iPr2NH2)2[SnI2(C2O4)2], which was prepared by reacting ( i Pr2NH2+)2·C2O42- with SnI4 in a 2:1 molar ratio in a mixed ethanol-aceto-nitrile solvent, the Sn atom is coordinated by two chelating oxalate ions and two iodide ions, with the latter in a cis configuration. In the crystal, the cations are linked to the anions by N-H⋯O and bifurcated N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds, generating [10-1] chains.

Poly[tetra-butyl-ammonium [chlorido-hexa-methyl-µ3-sulfato-distannate(IV)]].

In the structure of the title coordination polymer, {(C16H36N)[Sn2(CH3)6Cl(SO4)]} n , the two independent Sn(IV) atoms are coordinated in a trigonal-bipyramidal manner by three methyl groups in the equatorial plane and in the axial positions by either two O atoms of bridging SO4 (2-) anions or by a Cl atom and one O atom of a bridging SO4 (2-) anion, respectively. The [Sn2(CH3)6Cl(SO4)](-) anion forms an infinite zigzag chain parallel to the c axis. The cations are situated between these chains. Two of the four butyl groups of the cation are partially disordered over two sets of sites with site occupancies of 0.79 (2):0.21 (2) and 0.75 (2):0.25 (2), respectively. Weak C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions help to consolidate the crystal packing.

Benzyl-triphenyl-phospho-nium dichlorido-triphenyl-stannate(IV).

The crystal structure of the title salt, (C25H22P)[Sn(C6H5)3Cl2] or (PhCH2PPh3)[SnPh3Cl2], consists of [PhCH2PPh3](+) cations and [SnPh3Cl2](-) anions in which the Sn(IV) atom is linked to two Cl atoms and three phenyl groups in a trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, with the Cl atoms in trans positions. The cation adopts a tetra-hedral geometry. In the crystal, the cations and the anions are connected by C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, leading to an infinite chain propagating along the c direction.

The thalamostriatal system: a highly specific network of the basal ganglia circuitry.

Although the existence of thalamostriatal projections has long been known, the role(s) of this system in the basal ganglia circuitry remains poorly characterized. The intralaminar and ventral motor nuclei are the main sources of thalamic inputs to the striatum. This review emphasizes the high degree of anatomical and functional specificity of basal ganglia-thalamostriatal projections and discusses various aspects of the synaptic connectivity and neurochemical features that differentiate this glutamate system from the corticostriatal network. It also discusses the importance of thalamostriatal projections from the caudal intralaminar nuclei in the process of attentional orientation. A major task of future studies is to characterize the role(s) of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal pathways in regulating basal ganglia activity in normal and pathological conditions.

Nigral and pallidal inputs to functionally segregated thalamostriatal neurons in the centromedian/parafascicular intralaminar nuclear complex in monkey.

In primates, thalamostriatal projections from the centromedian (CM) and parafascicular (Pf) nuclei are strong and organized according to a strict pattern of functional connectivity with various regions of the striatal complex. In turn, the CM/Pf complex receives a substantial innervation from the internal globus pallidus (GPi). In this study, we demonstrate that the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) also provides a massive input to Pf in monkeys. These pallidothalamic and nigrothalamic projections provide routes whereby information can flow in functional loops between the basal ganglia and the intralaminar nuclear group. To understand better the anatomical organization and the degree of functional specificity of these loops, we combined retrograde and anterograde labeling methods from functionally defined regions of the striatum and GPi/SNr to determine the relationships between thalamostriatal neurons and basal ganglia afferents. Together with previous studies, our data suggest the existence of tightly connected functional circuits between the basal ganglia and the CM/Pf in primates: 1) A "sensorimotor" circuit links together the medial two-thirds of CM, the postcommissural putamen, and the ventrolateral part of the caudal GPi; 2) a "limbic" circuit involves the rostral one-third of Pf, the ventral striatum, and the rostromedial pole of GPi; and 3) an "associative"circuit exists between the caudal two-thirds of Pf, the caudate nucleus, and the SNr. An additional "associative" circuit that involves the caudate-receiving territory of GPi (dorsal one-third), the dorsolateral Pf (Pfdl), and the precommissural putamen was also disclosed. In conclusion, findings of this study provide additional evidence for the high degree of functional specificity of the thalamostriatal system through which CM/Pf may provide attention-specific sensory information important for conditional responses to the primate striatum.