[Preservation of the components of blood and bone marrow for autotransfusion in patients of a particular risk contingent]. / Rezervirovanie dlia autotransfuzii komponentov krovi i kostnogo mozga liudei iz kontingentov osobogo riska.

Cryopreservation is the method of choice in solution of the problem of the done in good time reservation of the components of blood and bone marrow for autotransfusion in patients referred to the contingent of particular risk. Freezing of autologous hemocomponents increases the infection safety and efficiency of therapy with hemocomponents. The wide introduction of using autologous hemocomponents into the everyday surgical practice and in the arsenal of means and methods of the medicine of extreme situations is an indispensable condition for increasing the effects of curative and medico-evacuational measures.

[Improvement in the technology of washing erythrocyte-containing transfusion media]. / Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologii otmyvaniia éritrotsitsoderzhashchikh transfuzionnykh sred.

A new device for preparing washed red cell components was proposed by the Sintez Co., Kurgan. The disposable containers were evaluated at the Center of Blood and Tissues, Military Medical Academy. The new system was found to be more effective, time-saving, cost-effective and decreased the risk of infectious complications as compared to the traditional methods for washing red cell components. Thus, the new device can be recommended for wide use in transfusion medicine.

[Improvement in cryopreservation of blood platelets]. / Sovershenstvovanie kriokonservirovaniia trombotsitov.

The first Russian solution Krimolit designed for cryopreservation of platelet concentrates down -196 degrees C was clinically tested. The therapeutical efficacy of the cryopreserved platelets was evaluated on the basis of clinical and laboratory monitoring of transfusions in 20 cancer hematological patients. They were found to have the same therapeutical action as fresh cells. The introduction of cryopreserved platelets into clinical practice allows one to form stores and to transfuse autological cells. Krimolit is recommended for clinical application.

[An improvement in the technology of manual plasmacytapharesis]. / Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologii ruchnogo plazmotsitafereza.

A new system for manual-2 plasmocytapheresis from a medical polymer plant ready for use (Medpolymer, St. Petersburg) was evaluated in 15 donors. It makes manual-2 plasmapheresis more efficient, time-saving, and cost-effective. Its also decreases the contamination of blood components and the risk of air embolic complications. Thus, the new system may be recommended for use in transfusion medicine.

[A syphilis marker study of blood component donors]. / Issledovanie markerov sifilisa u donorov gemokomponentov.

Laboratory testing of donor blood is the key point in prevention of hemotransmissive syphilis. The probability of using diagnostic EIA kit RecombiBest antipallidum-strip (AO Vektor-Best, Novosibirsk) is assessed. Ninety-two donor sera were tested. For assessing the sensitivity of the test system, 11 sera of syphilis patients were titrated by double dilutions 1:10 to 1:1280 for each strip. In parallel with this, antibodies to T. pallidum were assessed in the precipitation microtest. EIA proved to be not only highly specific, but more sensitive than precipitation microtest. Antibodies to T. pallidum are detected by EIA in serum dilutions at least two times higher than the minimal titers in the precipitation test. Thus, the above diagnostic kit is recommended for screening of donors of blood and its components.

[Current problems in organizing the donor system in the Armed Forces]. / Sovremennye problemy organizatsii donorstva v Vooruzhennykh Silakh.

In the work the factors, rendering essential influence on organization of donorship in modern army conditions are systematized. The organization of donorship should be connected to functioning of territorial system of medical maintenance of the Armed Forces of RF. It assumes presence of four organizational levels: central, district, zone and garrison. Perfecting the system of organization of donorship, we should be guided by the following conducting principles: maximum maintenance of safety of donorship; wide introduction of a method of plasmacytopheresis in work of establishments and subdivisions of blood supply service; organization of autodonorship and quota of the donors of an emergency reserve in each military-medical establishment; reliable maintenance of revealing of markers of hemotransmissible infections at inspection of the donors.

[Improving the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in blood component donors]. / K sovershenstvovaniiu opredeleniia antitel k virusu gepatita C u donorov gemokomponentov.

The Avicenna test system (St. Petersburg) for detecting antibodies to hepatitis C is assessed. Two-hundred and ten sera with increased SGPT activity and 73 samples seropositive in screening by the Aquapast test system (St. Petersburg) were examined. Avicenna system with 3 synthetic peptides as the test objects is characterized by a higher sensitivity and specificity and is recommended for practical use at blood service institutions.

[Method of diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection]. / Metod diagnostiki infektsii virusom Epshtein-Barr.

An original methodological approach to the diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is proposed, consisting in the detection of viral DNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes using in situ DNA hybridization. EBV DNA was found in 6 (50%) patients with lymphomas and in 1 (33%) with infective endocarditis out of 26 examined recipients of blood components. No EBV DNA was found in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 14 regular donors. Normalization of the immune status of a patient and use of blood components containing no EBV is the key factor in the prevention of EBV infection. Biohit test system for in situ hybridization of EBV DNA may be used for diagnostic monitoring of EBV infection and screening of blood and tissue donors.

[2-stage determination of rhesus classification]. / Dvukhétapnoe opredelenie rezus-prinadlezhnosti.

A new two-staged method for identifying the rhesus appurtenance of the blood is proposed. During the first stage anti-D-super (IgM monoclonal anti-D-antibodies) are used, during the second stage rhesus appurtenance is identified in a tube using standard universal reagent for determining rhesus factor RhO(D) or it is done using gelatin test with Anti-D (IgG monoclonal anti-D-antibodies). A negative result at stage 1 and positive at stage 2 is a sign of partial antigen D, most probably of the VIth category. Subjects with partial D are qualified as rhesus-positive donors and rhesus-negative recipients.

[Determination of the rhesus classification of the blood]. / K opredeleniiu rezus-prinadlezhnosti krovi.

The article describes the new two-stage method of determining of Rh-factor belonging. At the first stage tsoliclon "Anti-D-super" (monoclonic anti-D-antibody class IgM) was used. At the second stage Rh-factor belonging is determined in test-tube, using standard universal reagent for definition Rh-factor RhO (D). Combination of negative results at the first stage with positive ones at the second stage is a sign of partial antigen D, most probably category VI. The persons with partial D are qualified as Rh-positive donors and Rh-negative recipients.

[Comparative characteristics of a test system for detecting antibodies to hepatitis C virus]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika test-sistem dlia opredeleniia antitel k virusu gepatita C.

The sensitivities and specificities of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were compared in donor blood screening. A total of 3308 donors were examined using Akvapast immunodiagnosticum (St. Petersburg), lot 12. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 43 (1.3%) subjects. Blood sera of these donors were additionally investigated using other lots of Akvapast, Hepascan (Bioservice, Moscow), Blot-0.5 (Bioservice, Moscow), and immunoComb (France). The studies demonstrated that none of the agents used can be acknowledged as ideally sensitive and specific for the detection of anti-HCV antibodies. Maximally sensitive diagnostic kits should be preferred for the screening of donors of blood components and for other mass surveys. Highly-specific test systems are advisable for profound examinations and diagnostic monitoring. The creation of a system of reference and expert diagnosis of hepatitis C remains a pressing task.

[Ways to improve the transfusion support of surgical hospitals under current conditions]. / Nekotorye puti sovershenstvovaniia transfuziologicheskogo obespecheniia khirurgicheskikh statsionarov v sovremennykh usloviiakh.

The article touches upon problems of the improvement of transfusiological maintenance of surgical departments with new tendencies in the donor movement taken into account. Specific methods to gain this aim are proposed.

[The hepatitis C problem in transfusions in military medicine]. / Problema gepatita C v voennoi transfuziologii.

The article contains data on viral hepatitis C, its etiological factor, epidemiology, methods of diagnosis and prophylaxis. It's high time to conduct 100% screening control of donors for viral hepatitis C antibody, using national test system of fermental analysis. The authors worked out the method of "dry drop" to study the serum for hepatitis C virus antibody.