Stress Accumulation, Depressive Symptoms, and Sleep Problems among Black Americans in the Rural South.

Centuries of systemic racism in the United States have led to Black Americans facing a disproportionate amount of life stressors. These stressors can have negative effects on mental and physical health, contributing to inequities throughout the lifespan. The current study used longitudinal data from 692 Black adults in the rural South to examine the ways in which neighborhood stress, financial strain, and interpersonal experiences of racial discrimination operate independently and in tandem to impact depressive symptoms and sleep problems over time. Findings provided strong support for univariate and additive stress effects and modest support for multiplicative stress effects. Results underscore how multiple stressors stemming from systemic racism can undermine health among Black Americans and highlight the need for further research on factors that promote well-being in the face of these stressors.

Racial Discrimination and Risk for Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Among Black Youths.

Importance: Racial discrimination is a psychosocial stressor associated with youths' risk for psychiatric symptoms. Scarce data exist on the moderating role of amygdalar activation patterns among Black youths in the US. Objective: To investigate the association between racial discrimination and risk for psychopathology moderated by neuroaffective processing. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used longitudinal self-report and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from Black youth participants in the US from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to May 2024. Exposures: At time 1 of the current study (12 months after baseline), youths self-reported on their experiences of interpersonal racial discrimination and their feelings of marginalization. Amygdalar response was measured during an emotionally valenced task that included blocks of faces expressing either neutral or negative emotion. Main Outcomes and Measures: At 24 and 36 months after baseline, youths reported their internalizing (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and externalizing symptoms (aggression and rule-breaking symptoms). Results: A total of 1596 youths were a mean (SD) age of 10.92 (0.63) years, and 803 were female (50.3%). Families in the study had a mean annual income range of $25 000 to $34 999. Two factors were derived from factor analysis: interpersonal racial discrimination and feelings of marginalization (FoM). Using structural equation modeling in a linear regression, standardized ß coefficients were obtained. Neural response to faces expressing negative emotion within the right amygdala significantly moderated the association between FoM and changes in internalizing symptoms (ß = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.07; P < .001). The response to negative facial emotion within the right amygdala significantly moderated the association between FoM and changes in externalizing symptoms (ß = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.43; P = .02). Left amygdala response to negative emotion significantly moderated the association between FoM and changes in externalizing symptoms (ß = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.01; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of Black adolescents in the US, findings suggest that amygdala function in response to emotional stimuli can both protect and intensify the affective outcomes of feeling marginalized on risk for psychopathology, informing preventive interventions aimed at reducing the adverse effects of racism on internalizing and externalizing symptoms among Black youths.

Racial Discrimination, Neural Connectivity, and Epigenetic Aging Among Black Women.

Importance: Racial discrimination increases the risk of adverse brain health outcomes, potentially via neuroplastic changes in emotion processing networks. The involvement of deep brain regions (brainstem and midbrain) in these responses is unknown. Potential associations of racial discrimination with alterations in deep brain functional connectivity and accelerated epigenetic aging, a process that substantially increases vulnerability to health problems, are also unknown. Objective: To examine associations of racial discrimination with brainstem and midbrain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and DNA methylation age acceleration (DMAA) among Black women in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2012, and February 28, 2015, and included a community-based sample of Black women (aged ≥18 years) recruited as part of the Grady Trauma Project. Self-reported racial discrimination was examined in association with seed-to-voxel brain connectivity, including the locus coeruleus (LC), periaqueductal gray (PAG), and superior colliculus (SC); an index of DMAA (Horvath clock) was also evaluated. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma exposure, and age were used as covariates in statistical models to isolate racial discrimination-related variance. Data analysis was conducted between January 10 and October 30, 2023. Exposure: Varying levels of racial discrimination exposure, other trauma exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Main Outcomes and Measures: Racial discrimination frequency was assessed with the Experiences of Discrimination Scale, other trauma exposure was evaluated with the Traumatic Events Inventory, and current PTSD was evaluated with the PTSD Symptom Scale. Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses were conducted with LC, PAG, and SC seeds. To assess DMAA, the Methylation EPIC BeadChip assay (Illumina) was conducted with whole-blood samples from a subset of 49 participants. Results: This study included 90 Black women, with a mean (SD) age of 38.5 (11.3) years. Greater racial discrimination was associated with greater left LC RSFC to the bilateral precuneus (a region within the default mode network implicated in rumination and reliving of past events; cluster size k = 228; t85 = 4.78; P < .001, false discovery rate-corrected). Significant indirect effects were observed for the left LC-precuneus RSFC on the association between racial discrimination and DMAA (ß [SE] = 0.45 [0.16]; 95% CI, 0.12-0.77). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, more frequent racial discrimination was associated with proportionately greater RSFC of the LC to the precuneus, and these connectivity alterations were associated with DMAA. These findings suggest that racial discrimination contributes to accelerated biological aging via altered connectivity between the LC and default mode network, increasing vulnerability for brain health problems.

Moral injury, race-related stress and post-traumatic stress disorder in a trauma-exposed Black population.

BACKGROUND: Race-related stress (RRS) is an unrecognized source of moral injury (MI)-or the emotional and/or spiritual suffering that may emerge after exposure to events that violate deeply held beliefs. Additionally, MI has not been explored as a mechanism of risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma-exposed civilians. We examined relations among exposure to potentially morally injurious events (moral injury exposure, MIE), related distress (moral injury distress, MID), and RRS in Black Americans. Potential indirect associations between RRS and PTSD symptoms via MID were also examined. METHODS: Black Americans (n = 228; 90.4% female; Mage = 31.6 years. SDage = 12.8 years) recruited from an ongoing study of trauma completed measures assessing civilian MIE and MID, RRS, and PTSD. Bivariate correlations were conducted with MIE and MID, and mediation analysis with MID, to examine the role of MI in the relationship between RRS and PTSD symptom severity. RESULTS: MIE was significantly correlated with cultural (r = 0.27), individual (r = 0.29), and institutional (r = 0.25) RRS; MID also correlated with cultural (r = 0.31), individual (r = 0.31), and institutional (r = 0.26) RRS (ps < 0.001). We found an indirect effect of RRS on PTSD symptoms via MID (ß = 0.10, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: All types of RRS were associated with facets of MI, which mediated the relationship between RRS and current PTSD symptoms. MI may be a potential mechanism through which RRS increases the risk for PTSD in Black individuals.

The neurophysiological consequences of racism-related stressors in Black Americans.

Racism-related stressors, from experiences of both implicit and explicit racial discrimination to systemic socioeconomic disadvantage, have a cumulative impact on Black Americans' health. The present narrative review synthesizes peripheral (neuroendocrine and inflammation markers), psychophysiological (heart-rate variability, skin conductance), and neuroimaging (structural and functional) findings that demonstrate unique associations with racism-related stress. Emerging evidence reveals how racism-related stressors contribute to differential physiological and neural responses and may have distinct impacts on regions involved with threat and social processing. Ultimately, the neurophysiological effects of racism-related stress may confer biological susceptibility to stress and trauma-related disorders. We note critical gaps in the literature on the neurophysiological impact of racism-related stress and outline additional research that is needed on the multifactorial interactions between racism and mental health. A clearer understanding of the interactions between racism-related stress, neurophysiology, and stress- and trauma-related disorders is critical for preventative efforts, biomarker discovery, and selection of effective clinical treatments for Black Americans.

Association of white matter hyperintensities and clinical vascular burden with depressive symptoms in Black older adults.

OBJECTIVES: Black older adults have a higher vascular burden compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) older adults, which may put them at risk for a form of depression known as vascular depression (VaDep). The literature examining VaDep in Black older adults is sparse. The current study addressed this important gap by examining whether vascular burden was associated with depressive symptoms in Black older adults. METHODS: Participants included 113 Black older adults from the Healthy Brain Project, a substudy of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. In multiple regression analyses, clinical vascular burden (sum of vascular conditions) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume predicted depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, controlling for demographic variables. Follow-up analyses compared the associations in the Black subsample and in 179 NHW older adults. RESULTS: Higher total WMH volume, but not clinically-defined vascular burden, predicted higher concurrent depressive symptoms and higher average depressive symptoms over 4 years. Similar associations were found between uncinate fasciculus (UF) WMHs and concurrent depressive symptoms and between superior longitudinal fasciculus WMHs and average depressive symptoms. The association between depressive symptoms and UF WMH was stronger in Black compared to NHW individuals. CONCLUSION: This research is consistent with the VaDep hypothesis and extends it to Black older adults, a group that has historically been underrepresented in the literature. Results highlight WMH in the UF as particularly relevant to depressive symptoms in Black older adults and suggest this group may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of WMH.

What, How, When, and Where: Spatiotemporal Water Quality Hazards of Cyanotoxins in Subtropical Eutrophic Reservoirs.

Though toxins produced during harmful blooms of cyanobacteria present diverse risks to public health and the environment, surface water quality surveillance of cyanobacterial toxins is inconsistent, spatiotemporally limited, and routinely relies on ELISA kits to estimate total microcystins (MCs) in surface waters. Here, we employed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to examine common cyanotoxins, including five microcystins, three anatoxins, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin, and saxitoxin in 20 subtropical reservoirs spatially distributed across a pronounced annual rainfall gradient. Probabilistic environmental hazard analyses identified whether water quality values for cyanotoxins were exceeded and if these exceedances varied spatiotemporally. MC-LR was the most common congener detected, but it was not consistently observed with other toxins, including MC-YR, which was detected at the highest concentrations during spring with many observations above the California human recreation guideline (800 ng/L). Cylindrospermopsin was also quantitated in 40% of eutrophic reservoirs; these detections did not exceed a US Environmental Protection Agency swimming/advisory level (15,000 ng/L). Our observations have implications for routine water quality monitoring practices, which traditionally use ELISA kits to estimate MC levels and often limit collection of surface samples during summer months near reservoir impoundments, and further indicate that spatiotemporal surveillance efforts are necessary to understand cyanotoxins risks when harmful cyanobacteria blooms occur throughout the year.

Racial Discrimination and Private Regard Among Black Early Adolescents: Testing Between- and Within-Person Associations Over Time.

The current study examined concurrent and longitudinal associations between experiences of racial discrimination and private regard (i.e., feelings about being Black and other Black people) among 346 Black early adolescents who completed four assessments over two years. Between-person (interpersonal) and within-person (intrapersonal) effects were tested to provide a rigorous and comprehensive examination of these associations. There was minimal evidence of significant between-person effects in which youth experiencing varying levels of racial discrimination differed in their private regard. However, at the within-person level, there were significant negative concurrent associations between racial discrimination and private regard, indicating that youths' positive racial identity was undermined at times when they were encountering higher levels of racial discrimination than they typically did. Results highlight significant intrapersonal links between racial discrimination and private regard and underscore the continued need for interventions to eliminate racial discrimination and to support Black youth experiencing it.

COVID-19 Stress and the Health of Black Americans in the Rural South.

Black Americans have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. To better understand changes in and predictors of their mental and physical health, in the current study, we used three waves of data (two prepandemic and a third during summer 2020) from 329 Black men and women in the rural South. Results indicated that health worsened after the onset of the pandemic, including increased depressive symptoms and sleep problems and decreased self-reported general health. Greater exposure to COVID-19-related stressors was significantly associated with poorer health. Prepandemic stressors (financial strain, racial discrimination, chronic stress) and prepandemic resources (marital quality, general support from family and friends) were significantly associated with exposure to COVID-19-related stressors and with health during the pandemic. Findings underscore how the pandemic posed the greatest threats to Black Americans with more prepandemic psychosocial risks and highlight the need for multifaceted interventions that address current and historical stressors among this population.

Consumo de antibióticos de uso sistémico en la comunidad de Castilla y León / The use of systemic antibiotics in the Community of Castile and Leon

Introducción. El uso de antibióticos en nuestro país presenta una serie de problemas importantes a medio plazo: las altas cifras de consumo llevan asociadas resistencias bacterianas múltiples que otros países de nuestro entorno no tienen. Por otra parte, la falta de investigación de nuevos principios activos por parte de los laboratorios y la aparición de procesos infecciosos en ocasiones de difícil tratamiento conllevan a una situación inestable en las próximas décadas. Se hace necesario valorar los factores que pueden influir en la prescripción antimicrobiana con el fin de reducirla y mejorarla. Material y métodos. Estudio de prescripción en la comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León entre los años 2001 al 2005 a través del servicio de información de farmacia Concylia del grupo terapéutico J01 (antibióticos de uso sistémico), usando como indicadores la dosis diaria definida (DDD) y la DDD por mil habitantes y año (DHD) Resultados. Encontramos diferencias de consumo importantes en cada área de salud, destacando en los extremos Ávila (22,37 DHD) y Valladolid Oeste (13,46 DHD). Por subgrupos terapéuticos las áreas con mayor consumo fueron Salamanca (penicilinas asociadas a inhibidores de betalactamasa y quinolonas), Ávila (penicilinas de amplio espectro, Soria (cefalosporinas) y León (macrólidos). Conclusiones. Las áreas con población más envejecida presentan un mayor consumo global y prácticamente todos los subgrupos terapéuticos. En otro extremo, las áreas con población más joven no mostraron datos de consumo importantes, aunque la menor dosificación de la población infantojuvenil podría afectar a esta valoración. También observamos un mayor consumo de antibióticos de uso sistémico en el medio rural(AU)

Introduction. The use of antibiotics in our country presents a series of important medium-term problems: the high figures of consumption are associated with multiple bacterial resistances that other countries around us do not have. Moreover, the lack of laboratory research of new active ingredients and the emergence of difficult to treat infectious diseases may lead to an unstable situation in the coming decades. The factors that may influence antibiotic prescribing need to be assessed in order to reduce this and improve this situation. Material and methods. A study of the prescription of the J01 therapeutic group (antibiotics for systemic use) was performed using the Concylia pharmacy information service of the Autonomous Community of Castile and León from 2001 to 2005, using the defined daily dose (DDD) and the DDD per thousand inhabitants per year (DHD) as indicators. Results. We found significant differences in consumption in each health area, highlighting the extremes in Avila (22.37 DHD) and Valladolid Oeste (13.46 DHD). By therapeutic subgroups the areas with the highest consumption were Salamanca (penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors and quinolones), Ávila (broad-spectrum penicillins, Soria (cephalosporins) and Leon (macrolides). Conclusions. The areas with the oldest population have a higher overall consumption and virtually all therapeutic subgroups. At the other extreme, areas with younger populations showed no significant consumption data, although the lower dosage in the child population could have affected this assessment. We also observed a higher consumption of systemic antibiotics in the rural environment(AU)

Basurto-PGIP. Un abordaje manualizado de psicoterapia grupal integradora en psicosis / Basurto-PGIP. A manualized approach on Integrative Group Psychotherapy

Se presenta un manual sobre psicoterapia grupal integradora para pacientes ambulatorios con esquizofrenia y otras psicosis que denominamos Basurto-PGIP. El modelo tiene en cuenta los factores terapéuticos específicamente grupales. Integra influencias provenientes de otros modelos de psicoterapia integradora, de la terapia grupal interpersonal, del análisis grupal y de los recientes desarrollos de la terapia cognitivo-conductual de los síntomas psicóticos. El manual se estructura en distintos niveles de complejidad que pueden ser aplicados de forma progresiva. La intervención trata de adaptarse a las características de los pacientes, las capacidades y la formación de los terapeutas, y los recursos de los centros. La aplicación es posible en dos encuadres: un grupo cerrado de duración limitada y un grupo abierto de duración prolongada. Se describen además las ventajas e inconvenientes del modelo (AU)

A manual on Integrative Group Psychotherapy for outpatients with schizophrenia and other psychoses (Basurto-PGIP) is presented. The model takes into account group specific therapeutic factors. It integrates influences from other integrative psychotherapeutic models, interpersonal group therapy, group analysis and recent developments in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychotic symptoms. The manual is structured in levels of different complexity that can be applied in a progressive manner. The intervention tries to adapt to patients features, therapy stability and training, and centres resources. It can be applied in two possible settings: a short term closed group and a long term open group. Advantages and disadvantages of the model are described (AU)

Pólipos de la vesícula / Gallbladder polyps

Los pólipos de la vesícula biliar se definen como cualquier proyección de la mucosa hacia la luz. Pueden ser clasificados en pseudopólipos (pólipos de colesterol y pólipos inflamatorios) o pólipos verdaderos (benignos o malignos). A diferencia de los pólipos verdaderos, los pseudopólipos no están asociados con cáncer. Un alto porcentaje (más de 70 por ciento) de los pólipos detectados en la población general corresponden a pólipos de colesterol, que son frecuentemente pequeños (<10 mm de diámetro), pediculados, múltiples y con una ecogenicidad mayor a la del parénquima hepático.Por su parte, los pólipos neoplásicos usualmente son lesiones de más de 1 cm, solitarios, con una ecogenicidad similar a la del parénquima hepático y cuya forma, aunque variable, tiende a ser sésil con relativa frecuencia.El manejo de los pólipos de la vesícula biliar continúa siendo motivo de controversia. Los resultados de diversos estudios sugieren que la colecistectomía debería practicarse en los pacientes con lesiones polipoides sintomáticas (independientemente de su tamaño), por la mejoría exhibida, o en los pacientes con pólipos mayores de 10 mm de diámetro, debido a su asociación con cáncer.Por el contrario, la evolución de los pólipos pequeños de la vesícula biliar, en ausencia de manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de adenocarcinoma de vesícula, ha demostrado ser benigna; por lo tanto, en estos casos, la colecistectomía no sería una indicación, al menos inicialmente, y la propuesta establecida es “esperar y vigilar” mediante seguimiento ecográfico y clínico.

Gallbladder polyp refers to any protruding lesion of the mucosal surface of the gallbladder wall. The term polyp encompasses a heterogeneous group of abnormalities, including true polyps (polypoid tumours) and pseudopolyps, which may be either inflammatory polyps or cholesterol polyps. Unlike true polyps, pseudopolyps have no malignant potential. The most common (>70 percent) type of polyp is the cholesterol polyp; usually it is a small polyp (<10mm), pedunculated, multiple, with a higher echogenicity than the liver parenchyma. Neoplastic polyp frequently has an enlarged size (>1cm), is solitary, sessile and isoechogenic with the liver parenchyma. The management of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder is still controversial. Different studies have shown that polypoid lesions larger than 1cm should be treated with cholecystectomy, because of their high potential of malignancy. Cholecystectomy has also been shown to bring about symptomatic relief. On the contrary, natural history of small gallbladder polyps, symptomatic and complicating absent factors, has proven to be benign, thus suggesting that cholecystectomy is not indicated and a “watch and wait” strategy based on repeated ultrasound and medical examinations should be implemented.

Resultados de la estrategia en seguridad del paciente del Sistema Nacional de Salud español, período 2005-2007 / The Spanish National Health System patient safety strategy, results for the period 2005-2007

La Agencia de Calidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) viene desarrollando desde 2005 una estrategia dirigida a la mejora de la seguridad de los pacientes (SP) atendidos en los centros sanitarios, cuyos objetivos específicos son: promover el conocimiento y la cultura de SP entre profesionales y pacientes; diseñar y establecer sistemas de información y notificación de eventos adversos para el aprendizaje; implantar prácticas seguras recomendadas en los centros del SNS; promover la investigación en SP y la participación de pacientes y ciudadanos en la estrategia. Material y Método: Se constituyó una red estatal en SP en la que participa el Comité Técnico Institucional con representantes de todas las comunidades autónomas y otros organismos nacionales implicados en la calidad asistencial y en la SP. La estrategia se encuentra alineada con la Alianza Mundial para la Seguridad del Paciente de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y las recomendaciones del Consejo de Europa. El presupuesto asignado durante el período 2005-2007 ha sido de alrededor de 35 millones de euros. Resultados: Se han formado en aspectos sobre SP alrededor de 5.000 profesionales. Se han realizado estudios sobre efectos adversos en hospitales y en atención primaria, así como otros dirigidos a conocer la percepción de seguridad de los profesionales, la utilización de medicamentos o la situación de la infección nosocomial. Se han implantado en todas las comunidades autónomas prácticas seguras recomendadas internacionalmente. Conclusiones: Esta estrategia se ha desplegado en todas las comunidades autónomas, y ha contado además con el apoyo explícito de las principales sociedades científicas y asociaciones de pacientes, así como de universidades, escuelas, agencias y otras organizaciones nacionales (AU)

Background and objectives: In 2005 the Spanish National Health System (SNHS) implemented a strategy aimed at improving patient safety in Spanish healthcare centres. Specific aims: Promote and develop knowledge of patient safety and a patient safety culture among health professionals and patients; design and implement adverse event information and reporting systems for learning purposes; introduce recommended safe practices in SNHS centres; promote patient safety research and public and patient involvement in patient safety policies. Material and method: An Institutional Technical Committee was created with representatives from all the Spanish regions. All national organizations involved in healthcare quality and patient safety took part in the project. The strategy follows the WHO World Alliance for Patient Safety and Council of Europe recommendations. Budget allocated in the period 2005-2007: approximately EUR35 million. Results: Around 5,000 health professionals were educated in PS concepts. Several studies were conducted on: adverse events in Hospitals and Primary Care, as well as studies to obtain information on health professionals’ perceptions on safety, the use of medications and the situation regarding hospital-acquired infections. All the regions have introduced safe clinical practices related with the strategy. Conclusions: The strategy has been implemented in all the Spanish regions. Awareness was raised among health professionals and the public. A network of alliances has been set up with the regions, universities, schools, agencies and other organizations supporting the strategy (AU)

Sex-related differences in pituitary GH-expressing cells induced by hypothyroidism following treatment with methimazole

An immunocytochemical and morphometric study of pituitary GH-expressing cells was carried out in adult rats following chronic treatment with methimazole. The morphological results were correlated to the basal GH serum levels. In both sexes, hypothyroidism. induced by methimazolee produced a significant decrease of GH serum levels in relation to untreated animals (p<0.05). Morphometrically, methimazole induced significant decreases in the nuclear area (p<0.05) and in the numerical density of immunoreactive cells (p<0.05). In males, these modifications were accompanied by a significant decrease in cellular and cytoplasmic size (p<0.05), but this was not seen in females. Our results confirm the existence of a physiological stimulatory role of thyroid hormones on the activity of pituitary somatotroph cells that must be modulated by gonadal steroids because the effects of hypothyroidism were more evident in male than in female rats (AU)

No disponible

Efecto estrogénico proligerativo in vitro del bisfenil-a sobre las célucas hipofisarias productoras de prolactina en la rata macho / No disponible

El bisgenol-a forma parte de la molécula de BIS-GMA que se utiliza en la composición (..) (AU)

Bisphernol-a is part of the BIS-GMA molecule that is used (..) (AU)

Attitudes toward breastfeeding working mothers

This investigation assesses attitudes towards breastfeeding working mothers, employees' knowledge of their legal rights and employees' views of the new amendment of Law 427 in Puerto Rico. The sample consists of 36 men and 64 women (N = 101) employed in different institutions of the San Juan metropolitan area. Participants completed the Attitude Scale toward working breastfeeding mothers. The scale's consistency is substantiated by an item-total reliability coefficient yielding r (92) = .70, p < .05. Results show that employed Puerto Ricans may support breastfeeding working mothers. However, many individuals are not aware of the laws that protect a breastfeeding working mother and how extracting milk may help productivity instead of impairing it.

Increases in the size, number and proliferation rate of VIP-immunoreactive pituitary cells induced in vitro by TRH are associated with increases in VIP release / Los aumentos del tamaño, número y proliferación de las células hipofisarias inmunorreactivas a VIP, inducidos in vitro por TRH, están asociados con incrementos de la liberación de VIP

Pituitary VIP levels and pituitary VIP-expressing cell numbers are increased in hypothyroidism, but the regulating role of TRH as regards morphological changes remains obscure. In order to determine whether TRH is involved in regulating the maintenance of pituitary VIP-expressing cells and its cellular proliferation a double immunocytochemical study for VIP and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was carried out in pituitary monolayer cultures treated with TRH. TRH induced a significant in vitro increase in the numerical density (p<0.01) and percentage (p<0.001) of VIP-expressing cells. These changes were accompanied by increases in VIP release (p<0.01) and in the size (p<0.01) of VIP-expressing cells. Our results suggest that TRH could regulate the maintenance of the percentage of pituitary VIP-expressing cells, their activity and their proliferation in a similar way to the way in which it regulates the release of VIP (AU)

Los niveles hipofisarios de VIP y el número de células que expresan VIP están aumentados en el hipotiroidismo, pero el papel regulador de TRH respecto a los cambios morfológicos permanece inaclarado. Con el fin de determinar si la TRH está implicada en la regulación del mantenimiento de las células hipofisarias que expresan VIP y su proliferación celular, se llevó a cabo un estudio inmunocitoquímico doble para VIP y el antígeno nuclear de proliferación celular (PCNA) en cultivos hipofisarios monocapa tratados con TRH. TRH indujo un aumento significativo in vitro de la densidad numérica (p<0.01) y el porcentaje (p<0.001) de las células que expresan VIP. Estos cambios estuvieron acompañados por aumentos de la liberación de VIP (p<0.01) y del tamaño (p<0.01) de las células VIP-positivas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la TRH podría regular el mantenimiento del porcentaje, actividad y proliferación de las células que expresan VIP, de forma similar al modo en que regula la liberación de VIP (AU)

Enteritis eosinofílica complicada / Complicated eosinophilic enteritis

La enteritis eosinofílica transmural representa un cuadro clínico muy poco frecuente. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 53 años de edad, con antecedentes personales de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, que fue intervenido quirúrgicamente con carácter urgente tras ingresar a causa de dolor abdominal de 24 h de evolución que se acompañaba de vómitos de carácter alimentario. Se realizó una laparotomía exploradora, evidenciándose un líquido libre de aspecto inflamatorio, así como una congestión de las asas yeyunales con estenosis importante de su luz; una vez resecada y analizada histológicamente la zona lesionada, se confirmó la presencia de enteritis eosinofílica con afección de todo el espesor de la pared intestinal. La evolución postoperatoria fue favorable, encontrándose el paciente asintomático en la actualidad (AU)

Linfoma de Burkitt desarrollado en pacientes con enfermedad de Hodgkin en remisión completa / Burkitt´s lymphoma in a patient with Hodgkin´s disease in full remission

Los pacientes tratados por enfermedad de Hodgkin tiene mayor riesgo de desarrollar una neoplasia secundaria, incluidos los linfomas no Hodgkin. Se describe el caso de un hombre de 38 años con enfermedad de Hodgkin que 16 años después presentó un linfoma de Burkitt gástrico. El paciente empezó a manifestar linfadenopatías supraclavicular y mediastínicas. Fue diagnosticado de enfermedad de Hodgkin tio esclerosis nodular, estadio IV E B que se trató mediante radioterapia y quimioterapia. Se revisó la literatura de los linfomas de Burkitt aparecidos tras enfermedad de Hodgkin en remisión, encontrados 21 casos. La mayoría recibieron radioterapia y quimioterapia, y la localización extranodal más frecuente del linfoma de Burkitt fue el hígado. La media del intervalo desde el diagnóstico de enfemedad de Hodgkin y el diagnóstico de linfoma de Burkitt fue de 91 meses. Los pacientes inmunodeprimidos tienen mayor incidencia de neoplasias linfoides, que incluyen linfomas no Hodgkin, principalmente linfomas de células grandes y linfoma de Burkitt y, posiblemente, enfermedad de Hodgkin (AU)

Reseña biográfica y escalas de actuación del Académico Cecilio Romaña / Biographical sketch and perfomance steps of the Academic Cecilio Romaña

El objetivo del trabajo es dar a conocer los principales datos biográficos y el desempeño del Dr. Cecilio Romaña en la Argentina y España. En la confección del mismo se ha empleado el método histórico. Su actuación científica se puede dividir en tres períodos de acuerdo a los lugares donde le tocó actuar: 1) Norte argentino 1931-1960 (Florencia, Resistencia, San Miguel de Tucumán); 2) 1960-1966 (Buenos Aires) y 3) 1966-1988 (Barcelona, España). Se describen sus principales logros científicos ocupando un lugar especial el signo que lleva su nombre.