Association between Sarcopenia, Falls, and Cognitive Impairment in Older People: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

With the aging process, elderly people present changes in their bodies that can lead them to suffer several geriatric syndromes. The present study aimed to analyze and synthesize the literature produced concerning the association of sarcopenia with falls in elderly people with cognitive impairment. This is a systematic review study on etiology and risk, conducted according to the JBI methodology using the Medline (Pubmed), Cinahl, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The gray literature search was conducted in the CAPES Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Google Scholar, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), EBSCO Open Dissertations, DART-e, and ACS Guide to Scholarly Communication. The identification of the association between the variables was extracted from the articles themselves (Odds Ratio and the 95% Confidence Intervals). Four articles published between 2012 and 2021 were included in this review. A prevalence of falls was identified, ranging from 14.2% to 23.1%, of cognitive impairment ranging from 24.1% to 60.8%, and of sarcopenia ranging from 6.1 to 26.6%. The meta-analysis found that elderly people with cognitive impairment who suffer falls are at a 1.88 times greater risk of presenting sarcopenia (p = 0.01). There is evidence of an association between the variables, but it is necessary to conduct follow-up studies to support this association as well as other factors that may influence the senescence and senility process.

Infodemic of covid-19 and repercussions on the mental health of the elderly from São Paulo.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize and identify depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress associated with the COVID-19 Infodemic in the elderly from São Paulo. METHOD: Exploratory and cross-sectional study with the elderly in the capital of São Paulo who had internet access. The sociodemographic profile, the COVID-19 infodemic, depressive symptoms, stress, and anxiety were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 411 older people participated in the study. There was a predominance of women (76.4%), with higher education (57.9%), using private health services, and with little income variation. Older people were more exposed to news or information about COVID-19 on the internet (45.3%), followed by television (34.5%), and radio (11.4%). The average stress was 19.96 points; 33.1% had anxiety, and 39.7% had depressive symptoms. The greater the number of people living with the elderly, the greater the stress (p = 0.001) and anxiety (p = 0.02). The hours of exposure to information on the internet led to stress (p = 0.001), depressive symptoms (p = 0.02), and anxiety (p = 0.02) in the elderly. CONCLUSION: During the pandemic, exposure to information on the internet triggered anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms in the elderly. The findings highlight the need for multi and interdisciplinary interventions to mitigate such repercussions on the elderly's health.

Development and semantic validation of an instrument for the assessment of knowledge and attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Develop and semantically validate an instrument to assess the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS: Validation study of an instrument to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards CPR, developed in three phases: (i) development of the evaluation instruments by the authors; (ii) content validation performed by 14 expert judges in the area using the content validity index for analysis; and (iii) semantic validation carried out with the participation of 30 adolescents between 11 and 13 years old. RESULTS: In the content validation, the questions on CPR knowledge obtained a content validity index (CVI) between 0.92 and 1.00, with a general index of 0.98; and the questions about attitudes obtained an IVC between 0.85 and 1.00, with a general index also of 0.98. Regarding semantic validation, three questions were modified in the knowledge assessment instruments and five in the attitude assessment instrument. CONCLUSIONS: Semantic and content validation of the instruments studied showed that they are suitable for assessing the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents related to CPR, so their use is recommended in the evaluation of training actions in this population group.

Assistência de enfermagem ao idoso hospitalizado no final da vida: revisão integrativa / Nursing care for hospitalized elderly at the end of life: integrative review

Objetivo: analisar e sintetizar o conhecimento já produzido quanto à assistência de enfermagem no final da vida em idosos hospitalizados. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Os estudos abordavam cuidados paliativos em idosos publicados entre 2005-2021. Para sumarização e síntese das pesquisas foi utilizado o softwareIramuteq (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). Resultados: 22 artigos foram selecionados, e após a análise foram categorizadas em: Suporte à família pelo profissional de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos; Formação e os impactos na assistência de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos; Ética na pesquisa envolvendo pacientes idosos em cuidados paliativos e seus familiares; Importância da comunicação efetiva em cuidados paliativos; e Declínio gradual de saúde em idosos e o manejo de sintomas pela enfermagem. Conclusão: a síntese auxiliou na compreensão da importância das evidencias em cuidados paliativos e que a enfermagem faz parte deste processo no cuidado.

Objective: to analyze and synthesize the knowledge produced regarding nursing care for hospitalized elderly at the end of life. Method: Integrative literature review carried out in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) databases. The studies addressed palliative care in the elderly published between 2005 and 2021. Iramuteq (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires) software was used for research summarization and synthesis. Results: 22 articles were selected, and after analysis they were categorized into: Family support by nurses in palliative care; Training and impacts on nursing care in palliative care; Ethics in research involving elderly patients in palliative care and their families; Importance of effective communication in palliative care; and Gradual decline in health in the elderly and the management of symptoms by nursing. Conclusion: the synthesis helped to understand the importance of evidence in palliative care and that nursing is part of this care process.

Infodemic of covid-19 and repercussions on the mental health of the elderly from São Paulo / Salud mental e infodemia del covid-19 en adultos mayores de São Paulo / Repercussões na saúde mental e infodemia de covid-19 de idosos paulistanos

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize and identify depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress associated with the COVID-19 Infodemic in the elderly from São Paulo. Method: Exploratory and cross-sectional study with the elderly in the capital of São Paulo who had internet access. The sociodemographic profile, the COVID-19 infodemic, depressive symptoms, stress, and anxiety were analyzed. Results: A total of 411 older people participated in the study. There was a predominance of women (76.4%), with higher education (57.9%), using private health services, and with little income variation. Older people were more exposed to news or information about COVID-19 on the internet (45.3%), followed by television (34.5%), and radio (11.4%). The average stress was 19.96 points; 33.1% had anxiety, and 39.7% had depressive symptoms. The greater the number of people living with the elderly, the greater the stress (p = 0.001) and anxiety (p = 0.02). The hours of exposure to information on the internet led to stress (p = 0.001), depressive symptoms (p = 0.02), and anxiety (p = 0.02) in the elderly. Conclusion: During the pandemic, exposure to information on the internet triggered anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms in the elderly. The findings highlight the need for multi and interdisciplinary interventions to mitigate such repercussions on the elderly's health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar e identificar síntomas depresivos, ansiedad y estrés asociados a la Infodemia COVID-19 en adultos mayores de São Paulo. Método: Estudio exploratorio y transversal con adultos mayores de la capital paulista con acceso a internet. Fueron analizados perfil sociodemográfico, infodemia de COVID-19, síntomas depresivos, estrés y ansiedad. Resultados: Participaron 411 adultos mayores. Predominio del sexo femenino (76,4%), con estudios superiores (57,9%), usuarios de servicios de salud privados y baja variación de ingresos. Los adultos mayores estuvieron más expuestos a noticias o información sobre el COVID-19 en internet (45,3 %), seguida de la televisión (34,5 %) y la radio (11,4 %). El estrés promedio fue de 19,96 puntos; el 33,1% tenían ansiedad y el 39,7% tenían síntomas depresivos. Cuanto mayor era el número de personas que vivían con los adultos mayores, mayor era el estrés (p = 0,001) y la ansiedad (p = 0,02). Las horas de exposición a la información en internet generaron estrés (p = 0,001), síntomas depresivos (p = 0,02) y ansiedad (p = 0,02) en los adultos mayores. Conclusión: Durante la pandemia, la exposición a información en internet desencadenó síntomas de ansiedad, estrés y depresión en los adultos mayores. Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de intervenciones multi e interdisciplinarias para mitigar tales repercusiones en la salud de los adultos mayores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar e identificar sintomas depressivos, ansiedade e estresse associados à Infodemia de COVID-19 em idosos paulistanos. Método: Estudo exploratório e transversal com idosos da capital de São Paulo com acesso à internet. Foram analisados o perfil sociodemográfico, a infodemia de COVID-19, os sintomas depressivos, o estresse e a ansiedade. Resultados: Participaram 411 idosos. Predomínio do sexo feminino (76,4%), com ensino superior (57,9%), do uso de serviço de saúde privado e baixa variação na renda. Os idosos foram mais expostos a notícias ou informações sobre COVID-19 pela internet (45,3%), seguida pela televisão (34,5%) e pelo rádio (11,4%). A média de estresse foi 19,96 pontos; 33,1% apresentaram ansiedade e 39,7% sintomas depressivos. Quanto maior o número de pessoas que vivem com o idoso maior o estresse (p = 0,001) e a ansiedade (p = 0,02). As horas de exposição a informações pela internet levou a estresse (p = 0,001), sintomas depressivos (p = 0,02) e ansiedade (p = 0,02) do idoso. Conclusão Durante a pandemia, a exposição às informações pela internet desencadeou ansiedade, estresse e sintomas depressivos nos idosos. Os achados evidenciam a necessidade de intervenções multi e interdisciplinares para mitigar tais repercussões na saúde dos idosos.

Caregiver overload and factors associated with care provided to patients under palliative care.

OBJECTIVES: To identify overload and associated factors among caregivers of adult patients receiving palliative care. METHODS: Descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study addressing 40 adults under palliative care and their respective caregivers enrolled in the Home Care System in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Data concerning the patients included demographic profile and Mini-Mental State Examination. A form was used to collect the caregivers' demographic data along with the Zarit Burden Interview Scale, Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Coping Strategies Inventory. RESULTS: Regarding the patients, 84.2% were women, 52.6% were over 80, 65.8% had no partner, and 76.3% presented cognitive impairment. The caregivers were mostly women (84.5%), aged 56.67 years old on average, were the patients' children (42.5%); had no partner (55%), and lived with the patient (77.5%). The mean score obtained in the burden scale was 28.78 points, 32.5% had stress, and 42.5% depression. Regarding coping strategies, the ones most frequently used were positive reappraisal (12.8), withdrawal (10.2), and problem solution (9.7). A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between time spent with care (days and hours) and escape/avoidance with overload. Linear regression analysis revealed an association between being a woman (p=0.002), number of days spent with care (p=0.004), and depression (p<0.001) with overload. CONCLUSIONS: Being a woman, spending more days providing care, and depressive symptoms were associated with caregiver overload.