Comparación entre simple y doble tarea, capacidad cognitiva y equilibrio postural en adultos mayores que participan de 3 modalidades de ejercicio físico / Comparison between simple and dual tasks, cognitive capacity, and postural balance in older people who participated in 3 types of exercise

Antecedentes y objetivo: Los programas de ejercicio físico grupales para el adulto mayor son ofrecidos usualmente por los servicios de salud comunitaria, los cuales pueden generar diferentes estímulos en la capacidad física y cognitiva de la población. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el desempeño en actividades de simple y de doble tarea, equilibrio postural y funciones cognitivas en adultas mayores que participan de diferentes modalidades de ejercicios grupales. Materiales y métodos: Fueron evaluadas 41 adultas mayores pertenecientes a 3 programas de ejercicio (G1=grupo de caminata, G2=grupo de entrenamiento funcional y G3=grupo de danza). Para determinar el nivel de actividad física fue utilizado el International Physical Activity Questionnaire adaptado, para el equilibrio se utilizó el test de apoyo unipodal, para evaluación cognitiva el miniexamen del estado mental y para la evaluación del desempeño en actividades de tarea simple y doble fue contabilizado el número de repeticiones realizando actividades motoras y cognitivas durante 30seg. Para el análisis estadístico, ANOVA de un factor y Kruskal-Wallis fueron utilizadas para la comparación de las variables. El coeficiente de Spearman se utilizó para evaluar la correlación entre las variables. Resultados: Los grupos no fueron diferentes en edad ni índice de masa corporal (IMC), G1 (n=13; edad=62,5±2,9 años; IMC=28,49±6,4kg/m2), G2 (n=13; edad: 64,2±5,9 años; IMC=26,6±4,2kg/m2) y G3 (n=15; edad=66,6±6,05 años; IMC=29,4±8,4kg/m2); p>0,05. El G2 presentó un mayor número de repeticiones de la tarea simple, doble motora y doble motora-cognitiva comparado con el G1 y G3 (p<0,004). Fueron encontradas correlaciones entre la tarea simple, doble motora y doble motora-cognitiva (0,56>r<0,80; p<0,05). Conclusión: Las adultas mayores que practican entrenamiento funcional tienen mejor rendimiento en tareas motoras-cognitivas en comparación con a aquellas que practican danza y caminata

Background and objective: Physical exercise programmes for groups of older people are usually offered by community health services, which can generate different stimulus in the physical and cognitive capacity in this population. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of simple and dual task activities, postural balance and cognitive functions in older adults who took part in different types of group exercises. Materials and methods: A total of 41 older women took part in 3 exercise programmes were evaluated (G1=walking group, G2=functional training group, and G3=dancing group). To determine the level of physical activity the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Balance was assessed using the unipedal stance test, the cognitive capacity was tested using the mini mental status examination, and the performing of the simple/dual tasks was assessed according to the number of repetitions made during cognitive and motor activities for 30seconds For the statistical analysis, One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis were used to compare the variables. The Spearman coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the variables. Results: There were no differences in age and body mass index (BMI) between the groups, G1 (n=13; age=62.5±2.9 years; BMI=28.49±6.4Kg/m2), G2 (n=13; age: 64.2±5 years; BMI=26.6±4.2Kg/m2), and G3 (n=15; age=66.6±6.05 years; BMI=29.4±8.4Kg/m2), P>.05. G2 showed a better performance in simple, dual motor, and dual motor-cognitive tasks compared to G1 and G3 (P>.004). Correlations were observed between simple, dual motor, and dual motor-cognitive tasks (0.56>r<0.80; P>.05). Conclusion: Older women who practice functional training have better performance in cognitive-motor tasks compared to those who dance and walk

Low-level laser therapy and anesthetic infiltration for orofacial pain in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: To compare the analgesic effect of anesthetic infiltration of lidocaine 2% and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) by GaAlAs into tender points of patients with orofacial pain and fibromyalgia (FM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was performed with adults (N=66) that were allocated into two groups (1:1): Group A received LLLT irradiation by Diode Laser GaAlAs (780nm) with expositions twice a week during six weeks and Group B was treated with anesthetic infiltration of lidocaine 2% without vasoconstrictor once a week for four weeks. The pain assessment included the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) and tenderness to palpation. RESULTS: No dropout and adverse effect was observed during the study. The pain decreased significantly in each group after the treatment (p=0.0001, ß=1.0), even though no statistical difference was found between both treatments (p=0.46, ß= 0.82). The presence of tender points decreased after both treatments, with responsively in some types of masticatory muscles (p<0.05) except posterior temporalis muscle. The patients perception showed that both treatments were effective and a few patients reported that the treatment did not improve welfare. CONCLUSIONS: The LLLT by GaAlAs and anesthetic infiltration of lidocaine 2% were equally effective to control orofacial pain in FM individuals.

Inhibition of the Membrane Attack Complex by Dengue Virus NS1 through Interaction with Vitronectin and Terminal Complement Proteins

Dengue virus (DENV) infects millions of people worldwide and is a major public health problem. DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a conserved glycoprotein that associates with membranes and is also secreted into the plasma in DENV-infected patients. The present study describes a novel mechanism by which NS1 inhibits the terminal complement pathway. We first identified the terminal complement regulator vitronectin (VN) as a novel DENV2 NS1 binding partner by using a yeast two-hybrid system. This interaction was further assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. The NS1-VN complex was also detected in plasmas from DENV-infected patients, suggesting that this interaction occurs during DENV infection. We also demonstrated that the DENV2 NS1 protein, either by itself or by interacting with VN, hinders the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) and C9 polymerization. Finally, we showed that DENV2, West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) NS1 proteins produced in mammalian cells inhibited C9 polymerization. Taken together, our results points to a role for NS1 as a terminal pathway inhibitor of the complement system

Avaliação das atividades antibacteriana, tripanocida e citotóxica do extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda (Veludo Branco) (Commelinaceae) / Evaluation of antibacterial, trypanocidal and cytotoxical activities of the hydroalcoholic extract from the roots of Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda (Veludo Branco) (Commelinaceae)

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antibacteriano e tripanocida in vitro do extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda (Commelinaceae), conhecida popularmente como veludo branco. Foi avaliada a atividade antibacteriana in vitro frente às bactérias Streptococcus mitis (CIM = 100 µg/mL; CMB = 150 µg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (CIM = 200 µg/mL; CMB = 220 µg/mL), Streptococcus sanguinis (CIM = 400 µg/mL; CMB = 425 µg/mL), Streptococcus sobrinus (CIM = 400 µg/mL; CMB = 420 µg/mL) e Bacteroides fragilis (CIM = 400 µg/mL; CMB = 430 µg/mL) pelo método de diluição em caldo. Os protozoários da família tripanossomatídeo causam doenças tropicais que costumam ser negligenciadas que costumam ser como a tripanossomíase, para a qual estão disponíveis poucos medicamentos. Neste contexto, o extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de T. sillamontana também foi avaliado frente às formas tripomastigotas da cepa Y de Trypanosoma cruzi, com promissora atividade frente a este protozoário (IC50 = 2,4 µg/mL). Quando avaliada a atividade citotóxica frente a fibroblastos da linhagem LLCMK2, o extrato apresentou moderada citotoxicidade (CC50 = 480,37 µg/mL). Os resultados ora apresentados para o extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda demonstraram promissoras atividades antibacteriana e tripanocida, sendo uma fonte alternativa de produtos naturais com atividades contra T. cruzi e algumas bactérias do gênero Streptococcus e Bacteroides.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro, antibacterial and trypanocidal effect of the hydroalcoholic extract from the roots of Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda (Commelinaceae), commonly known as Veludo branco. The in vitro antibacterial activity against the standard bacteria Streptococcus mitis (MIC = 100µg/mL; MBC = 150 µg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 200µg/mL; MBC = 220 µg/mL), Streptococcus sanguinis (MIC = 400µg/mL; MBC = 425 µg/mL), Streptococcus sobrinus (MIC = 400µg/mL; MBC = 420 µg/mL) andBacteroides fragilis (MIC = 400µg/mL; MBC = 430 µg/mL), using microdilution broth methods. Protozoans from the trypanosomatid family cause neglected tropical diseases such as trypanosomiasis, for which few drugs are available. In this context, the hydroalcoholic extract of the Tradescantia sillamontana roots was also investigated with regards to the in vitro effects against the trypomastigote forms of theY strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, showing strong activity against this parasite (IC50 = 2.4 µg/mL). When performing cytotoxic activity against fibroblasts LLCMK2 line, the extract showed moderate cytotoxicity (CC50 = 480.37 mg/mL). The results presented for the hydroalcoholic extract of the roots of Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda demonstrated effective antibacterial and trypanocidal activities and were shown to be an alternative source of natural products with activity against T. cruzi and some bacteria of the genus Streptococcus and Bacteroides.

Estilo de vida na adolescência: o envolvimento religioso atuando nos comportamentos de risco à saúde / Lifestyle in adolescence: the religious involviment acting on health risk behavoir / Estilo de vida en la adolencencia: la participación religiosa actuando en las conductas de riesgo

O estilo de vida do adolescente estل relacionado com uma série de atitudes que colocam sua saْde em risco e comprometem o estado fيsico e mental. Diante deste cenلrio, a religiمo tem se tornado um fator mediador para a adoçمo e aceitaçمo de comportamentos considerados benéficos à saْde. O presente ensaio procurou discutir a influência da religiosidade para a prلtica de atividade fيsica, como também no consumo de substâncias psicoativas.Como principais consideraçُes, observou-se que os princيpios adotados pelas doutrinas religiosas vمo de encontro à adoçمo de condutas nocivas, aconselhando aspectos positivos na vida do jovem. Assim, aqueles que aderem uma determinada religiمo, passam a incorporar um conjunto de valores e prلticas que desencorajam o desvio individual.

The adolescent lifestyle is related to a several attitudes that bring some risks for their lives and affect their physical and mental health. In face of this context, the religion is becoming a mediator fact to the adoption and acceptation of positive behaviors to their health. This trial discussed about the influence of the religiousness on the practice of physical activity, and also on the consumption of psychoactive substances. As the main considerations, we observed that the principles adopted by the religious doctrines are against the bad conducts, guiding them to look for positive aspects. Therefore, those ones who take some religion get many values and practices that prevent their individual deviation.

El estilo de vida del dolescente se relaciona con uma serie de acciones que ponen en riesgo su salud. En este contexto, la religiَn se ha convertido en un factor de mediaciَn parala adopciَn de conductas que se consideran beneficiosas para la salud. Este trabajo tuvocomo objetivo discutir la influencia de la religiosidad sobre actividad fيsica, asي como el consumo de substancias psicoactivas. La principal conclusiَn observada es que los principios adoptados por las doctrinas religiosas van en contra de la adopciَn de conductas nocivas, favoreciendo aspectos positivos de la vida de los jَvenes. Por lo tanto, aquellos que se adhieren a una religiَn, han de incorporar um conjunto de valores y prلcticas que desalientan la adopciَn de un estilo de vida poco saludabl.

Should ascitis volume and anthropometric measurements be estimated in hospitalized alcoholic cirrotics? / ¿Es conveniente estimar el volumen ascítico y las medidas antropométricas en pacientes hospitalizados cirróticos?

Introduction: Ascitis and undernutrition are frequent complications of cirrhosis, however ascitis volume and anthropometric assessment are not routinely documented or considered in prognostic evaluation. In a homogeneous cohort followed during two years these variables were scrutinized, aiming to ascertain relevance for longterm outcome. Methods: Population (N = 25, all males with alcoholic cirrhosis) was recruited among patients hospitalized for uncomplicated ascitis. Exclusion criteria were refractory or tense ascitis, cancer, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, bleeding varices and critical illness. Measurements included ultrasonographically estimated ascitis volume, dry body mass index/BMI , upper arm anthropometrics, hematologic counts and liver function tests. Results: Population (age 48.3 ± 11.3 years, BMI 21.1± 3.5 kg/m2, serum albumin 2.5 ± 0.8 g/dL) was mostly in the Child-Pugh C category (77.8%) but clinically stable. During the follow-up period of 22.6 ±3.8 months, additional hospitalizations numbered 1.7 ± 1.0 and more than one quarter succumbed. Admission ascitis volume corresponded to 7.1 ± 3.6 L and dry BMI to 18.3 ± 3.5 kg/m2. Child Pugh index was relevant for both mortality and rehospitalization. Nevertheless, similar matches for mortality were documented with ascitis volume and dry BMI, and arm circumference below the 5th percentile was highly significantly associated with rehospitalization. Conclusions: A greater association than hitherto acknowledged, between ascitis volume and anthropometric measurements from one side, and long-term rehospitalization and mortality from the other, was demonstrated in male stable alcoholic cirrhotics. Further studies with alcoholic and other modalities of cirrhosis including women are recommended (AU)

Introducción: Ascitis y desnutrición son complicaciones frecuentes de la cirrosis, pero el volumen ascítico y la evaluación antropométrica no son como rutina documentadas o consideradas para la evaluación del pronóstico. En un coorte homogéneo de pacientes acompañados por dos años estas variables fueron escrutinadas, con el objetivo de determinar su releváncia para los resultados clínicos de largo plazo. Métodos: La población (N = 25, todos hombres con cirrosis alcohólica) fue recrutada entre pacientes hospitalizados por ascitis no complicada. Los critérios de exclusión fueron ascitis tensa o refractária, peritonitis bacteriana espontánea, varices sangrantes y enfermedad crítica. Los métodos involucraron volumen ascítico estimado ultrasonograficamente, el índice seco de masa corporal/IMC seco, antropometria del brazo, recuentos hematológicos y pruebas de función hepática. Resultados: La población (edad 48,3 ± 11,3 años, IMC 21,1 ± 3,5 kg/m2, albumina sérica 2,5 ± 0,8 g/dL) encontrabase predominantemente en la categoria Child-Pugh C (77,8%) , pero clinicamente estable. En el período de seguimiente de 22,6 ± 3,8 meses hubo 1,7 ± 1,0 hospitalizaciones adicionales por paciente, y mas de una cuarta parte sucumbió. El volumen ascítico de admisión fue de 7,1 ± 3,6 L y el IMC seco de 18,3 ± 3,5 kg/m2. El indice de Child-Pugh fue relevante tanto para mortalidad como para rehospitalización. Asociaciones similares para mortalidad fueron demonstradas para volumen ascítico y para IMC seco, y la circunferencia del brazo abajo del 5o percentil fue un indicador muy significativo para rehospitalización. Conclusiones: Una asociación mas importante que lo hasta ahora publicado ocurrió entre volumen ascítico y antropometria de una parte, y mortalidad asimismo rehospitalización de otra parte, en pacientes masculinos cirróticos alcohólicos estables. Estúdios adicionales con cirrosis alcohólica y de otras modalidades incluyendo mujeres son recomendados (AU)

Reproduction of Cubaris murina (Crustacea: Isopoda) under laboratory conditions and its use in ecotoxicity tests

Reproduction of the isopod Cubaris murina was studied in the laboratory in order to observe the offspring number per brood, the number and duration of the incubation periods, and the influence of repeated mating on number of young per brood. An experiment was conducted with two different groups: female/male pairs and females that were isolated after mating. No significant difference was found between the two reproductive female groups for the mean number of young per brood (x = 25) and the duration of the incubation periods (x = 17 days). One mating was enough for at least five broods, with no reduction in brood size. There was no significant difference between the number of adult males and females. Low-density cultures had a significantly higher growth rate compared to high-density cultures. Furthermore, the experimental results for optimization isopod culture conditions for terrestrial ecotoxicity testing are reported.

A reprodução do isópodo Cubaris murina foi investigada em laboratório para observar: o número de filhotes por ninhada, número e duração dos períodos de incubação, e se repetidas cópulas influenciam o número de juvenis por ninhada. Um experimento foi conduzido com dois diferentes grupos: pares com uma fêmea e um macho e fêmeas mantidas individualmente depois da cópula. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois grupos de fêmeas em relação ao número de filhotes por ninhada (x = 25) e a duração dos períodos de incubação (x = 17 dias). Uma cópula foi suficiente para ao menos cinco ninhadas, sem redução em seu tamanho. A proporção sexual dos adultos de C. murina em laboratório não apresentou diferenças significativas entre a proporção de machos e fêmeas nos cultivos. A densidade influencia o crescimento dos isópodos de forma significativa: culturas com baixa densidade têm maior taxa de crescimento do que culturas com alta densidade. Os resultados experimentais sobre a eficiência dos cultivos em laboratório para ensaios ecotoxicológicos terrestres são apresentados.

Production of amylases from rice by solid-state fermentation in a gas-solid spouted-Bed bioreactor

A gas-solid spouted-bed bioreactor was developed to produce amylases from rice in solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae. The spouted-bed bioreactor was developed to overcome many of the problems inherent to large-scale solid-state fermentation, including mass- and heat-transfer limitations in the conventional tray reactors and solids-handling difficulties seen in packed-bed bioreactors. The solid-state fermentation results from the tray-type reactor with surface aeration were poor because of mass- and heat-transfer problems. A packed-bed bioreactor with continuous aeration through the rice bed produced high protein and enzymes, but the fermented rice was difficult to remove and process due to the formation of large chunks of rice aggregates knitted together with fungal mycelia. Also, the fermentation was not uniform in the packed bed. The spouted-bed bioreactor with intermittent spouting with air achieved high production levels in both total protein and enzymes (alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, and glucoamylase) that were comparable to those found in the packed-bed bioreactor, but without the nonuniformity and solids-handling problems. However, continual spouting was found to be detrimental to this solid-state fermentation, possibly because of shear or impact damage to fungal mycelia during spouting. Increasing spouting frequency from 4-h intervals to 1-h intervals decreased protein and enzyme production. Other operating conditions critical to the fermentation include proper humidification to prevent drying of the substrate and control of reactor wall temperature to prevent excessive condensation, which would interfere with proper spouting.