Combined effects of landscape composition and agrochemicals on frog communities amid sugarcane-dominated agroecosystems.

Global demand for crops will continue increasing over the next few decades to cover both food and biofuel needs. This demand will put further pressure to expand arable land and replace natural habitats. However, we are only beginning to understand the combined effects of agrochemicals and land-use change on tropical freshwater biodiversity. In this study, we analyzed how pond-dwelling anuran larvae responded to pond characteristics, landscape composition, and agrochemical contamination in a sugarcane-dominated agroecosystem in Brazil. Then we used an information theoretical approach with generalized linear models to relate species richness and abundance to predictor variables. The variation in tadpole abundance was associated with both agrochemical concentration (e.g., ametryn, diuron, and malathion) and landscape variables (e.g., percentage of forest, percentage of agriculture, and distance to closest forest). The relationship between species abundance and agrochemicals was species-specific. For example, the abundances of Scinax fuscovarius and Physalaemus nattereri were negatively associated with ametryn, and Dendropsophus nanus was negatively associated with tebuthiuron, whereas that of Leptodactylus fuscus was positively associated with malathion. Conversely, species richness was associated with distance to forest fragments and aquatic vegetation heterogeneity, but not agrochemicals. Although we were unable to assign a specific mechanism to the variation in tadpole abundance based on field observations, the lower abundance of three species in ponds with high concentrations of agrochemicals suggest they negatively impact some frog species inhabiting agroecosystems. We recommend conserving ponds near forest fragments, with abundant stratified vegetation, and far from agrochemical runoffs to safeguard more sensitive pond-breeding species.

Global occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental aquatic matrices and its implications for sanitation and vulnerabilities in Brazil and developing countries.

This paper includes a systematic review of the SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in environmental aquatic matrices and a critical sanitation analysis. We discussed the interconnection of sanitation services (wastewater, water supply, solid waste, and stormwater drainage) functioning as an important network for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in waters. We collected 98 studies containing data of the SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in aquatic matrices around the world, of which 40% were from developing countries. Alongside a significant number of people infected by the virus, developing countries face socioeconomic deficiencies and insufficient public investment in infrastructure. Therefore, our study focused on highlighting solutions to provide sanitation in developing countries, considering the virus control in waters by disinfection techniques and sanitary measures, including alternatives for the vulnerable communities. The need for multilateral efforts to improve the universal coverage of sanitation services demands urgent attention in a pandemic scenario.

From genes to ecosystems: a synthesis of amphibian biodiversity research in Brazil / De genes a ecossistemas: uma síntese da pesquisa em biodiversidade de anfíbios no Brasil

Abstract Here, we summarize examples of significant advances in amphibian research supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), focusing on recent discoveries in the fields of community ecology, habitat change, infection diseases, and multipurpose DNA sequencing. We demonstrated that FAPESP has been fundamental not only by directly funding research projects and scholarships, but also through its science training policy, fostering international collaborations with world-class research institutions, improving and consolidating new lines of research that often depended on a synergetic combination of different knowledge and complex tools. We emphasized that future studies will continue to focus on basic questions, such as description of new species, as well as taxonomic and systematic corrections. Furthermore, we also expect that there will be a strong integration among different disciplines using novel bioinformatics tools and modeling approaches, such as machine learning. These new approaches will be critical to further develop our understanding of foundational questions of amphibian life-history trait variation, disease transmission, community assembly, biogeography, and population forecasts under different global change scenarios such as agricultural expansion, agrochemical use, habitat loss, and climate change.

Resumo No presente estudo apresentamos exemplos de avanços significativos nas pesquisas com anfíbios financiadas pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), focando em descobertas recentes nos campos de ecologia de comunidades, modificação do habitat, doenças infecciosas e o sequenciamento de DNA com múltiplos propósitos. Demonstramos que a FAPESP tem sido fundamental não somente pelo financiamento direto de projetos de pesquisa e bolsas de estudo, mas também através de sua política de formação científica, fomentando colaborações internacionais com instituições de pesquisa de excelência mundial, melhorando e consolidando novas linhas de pesquisa que frequentemente dependem da combinação sinérgica entre diferentes linhas de conhecimento e ferramentas complexas. Enfatizamos que futuros estudos continuem com foco em questões básicas, como a descrição de novas espécies, bem como correções taxonômicas e sistemáticas. Além disso, esperamos uma forte integração entre diferentes disciplinas usando novas ferramentas de bioinformática e abordagens de modelagem, como o aprendizado de máquina. Essas novas abordagens serão críticas para desenvolver ainda mais nossa compreensão a respeito de questões fundamentais sobre as características da história de vida dos anfíbios, transmissão de doenças, estrutura de comunidades, biogeografia e previsões populacionais em diferentes cenários de mudanças globais, como a expansão da agricultura, uso de agrotóxicos, perda de habitat e mudanças climáticas.

Comparative Toxicity of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Selected Insecticides.

Until recently, the Old World bollworm (OWB) Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were geographically isolated. Both species are major pests of agricultural commodities that are known to develop insecticide resistance, and they now coexist in areas where H. armigera invaded the Americas. This is the first study to compare the susceptibility of the two species to conventional insecticides. The susceptibility of third instar H. armigera and H. zea larvae to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad was determined using a diet-overlay bioassay in a quarantine laboratory in Puerto Rico. Mortality was assessed at 48 h after exposure for up to eight concentrations per insecticide. Spinetoram exhibited the highest acute toxicity against H. armigera, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.11 µg a.i./cm2, followed by indoxacarb and spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm2 for both) and methomyl (0.32 µg a.i./cm2). Spinetoram was also the most toxic to H. zea (LC50 of 0.08 µg a.i./cm2), followed by spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm2) and methomyl (0.18 µg a.i./cm2). Indoxacarb was the least toxic to H. zea, with an LC50 of 0.21 µg a.i./cm2. These findings could serve as a comparative reference for monitoring the susceptibility of H. armigera and H. zea to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad in Puerto Rico, and may facilitate the detection of field-selected resistance for these two species and their potential hybrids in areas recently invaded by H. armigera.

Correction: p53 and metabolism: from mechanism to therapeutics.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25267.].

p53 and metabolism: from mechanism to therapeutics.

The tumor cell changes itself and its microenvironment to adapt to different situations, including action of drugs and other agents targeting tumor control. Therefore, metabolism plays an important role in the activation of survival mechanisms to keep the cell proliferative potential. The Warburg effect directs the cellular metabolism towards an aerobic glycolytic pathway, despite the fact that it generates less adenosine triphosphate than oxidative phosphorylation; because it creates the building blocks necessary for cell proliferation. The transcription factor p53 is the master tumor suppressor; it binds to more than 4,000 sites in the genome and regulates the expression of more than 500 genes. Among these genes are important regulators of metabolism, affecting glucose, lipids and amino acids metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and growth factors signaling. Wild-type and mutant p53 may have opposing effects in the expression of these metabolic genes. Therefore, depending on the p53 status of the cell, drugs that target metabolism may have different outcomes and metabolism may modulate drug resistance. Conversely, induction of p53 expression may regulate differently the tumor cell metabolism, inducing senescence, autophagy and apoptosis, which are dependent on the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or ROS induction. The interplay between p53 and metabolism is essential in the decision of cell fate and for cancer therapeutics.

Evaluating multiple spatial scales to understand the distribution of anuran beta diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

We partitioned the total beta diversity in the species composition of anuran tadpoles to evaluate if species replacement and nestedness components are congruent at different spatial resolutions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We alternated the sampling grain and extent of the study area (among ponds at a site, among ponds within regions, among sites within regions, and among sites within regions pooled together) to assess the importance of anuran beta diversity components. We then performed variation partitioning to evaluate the congruence of environmental descriptors and geographical distance in explaining the spatial distribution of the species replacement and nestedness components. We found that species replacement was the main component of beta diversity, independent of the sampling grain and extent. Furthermore, when considering the same sampling grain and increasing the extent, the values of species replacement increased. On the other hand, when considering the same extent and increasing the sampling grain, the values of species replacement decreased. At the smallest sampling grain and extent, the environmental descriptors and geographic distance were not congruent and alternated in the percentage of variation explaining the spatial distribution of species replacement and nestedness. At the largest spatial scales (SSs), the biogeographical regions showed higher values of the percentage explaining the variation in the beta diversity components. We found high values of species replacement independently of the spatial resolution, but the processes driving community assembly seem to be dependent on the SS. At small scales, both stochastic and deterministic factors might be important processes structuring anuran tadpole assemblages. On the other hand, at a large spatial grain and extent, the processes restricting species distributions might be more effective for drawing inferences regarding the variation in anuran beta diversity in different regions of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Postobstructive pulmonary edema in the setting of aspiration and air travel.

BACKGROUND: Postobstructive pulmonary edema (POPE)-also referred to as negative pressure pulmonary edema-occurs with deep inspiration against a closed glottis or obstructed airway. The result can be life threatening, however, most cases have a self-limited presentation and resolve with supportive care. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to critically evaluate a previously unreported mechanism in the exacerbation of POPE. CASE REPORT: This is a report of a 50-year-old woman who experienced an acute episode of hypoxia and altered mental status aboard a transcontinental flight. Her presentation was suggestive of pulmonary embolus. However, a detailed history yielded an episode of preflight choking relieved by the Heimlich maneuver. After 2 days of supportive care she was discharged with a complete return to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical cases of POPE can be exacerbated by the low atmospheric pressure experienced on commercial airlines. With early recognition and supportive treatment, the patient returned to baseline before her discharge 2 days later. Making the diagnoses of POPE is not always straightforward for the practitioner and necessitates a broad differential. Initial supportive care focusing on maximizing respiratory support is critical.

Biogeographic distribution patterns and their correlates in the diverse frog fauna of the Atlantic Forest hotspot.

Anurans are a highly diverse group in the Atlantic Forest hotspot (AF), yet distribution patterns and species richness gradients are not randomly distributed throughout the biome. Thus, we explore how anuran species are distributed in this complex and biodiverse hotspot, and hypothesize that this group can be distinguished by different cohesive regions. We used range maps of 497 species to obtain a presence/absence data grid, resolved to 50×50 km grain size, which was submitted to k-means clustering with v-fold cross-validation to determine the biogeographic regions. We also explored the extent to which current environmental variables, topography, and floristic structure of the AF are expected to identify the cluster patterns recognized by the k-means clustering. The biogeographic patterns found for amphibians are broadly congruent with ecoregions identified in the AF, but their edges, and sometimes the whole extent of some clusters, present much less resolved pattern compared to previous classification. We also identified that climate, topography, and vegetation structure of the AF explained a high percentage of variance of the cluster patterns identified, but the magnitude of the regression coefficients shifted regarding their importance in explaining the variance for each cluster. Specifically, we propose that the anuran fauna of the AF can be split into four biogeographic regions: a) less diverse and widely-ranged species that predominantly occur in the inland semideciduous forests; b) northern small-ranged species that presumably evolved within the Pleistocene forest refugia; c) highly diverse and small-ranged species from the southeastern Brazilian mountain chain and its adjacent semideciduous forest; and d) southern species from the Araucaria forest. Finally, the high congruence among the cluster patterns and previous eco-regions identified for the AF suggests that preserving the underlying habitat structure helps to preserve the historical and ecological signals that underlie the geographic distribution of AF anurans.

Neoseiulus paspalivorus, a predator from coconut, as a candidate for controlling dry bulb mites infesting stored tulip bulbs.

The dry bulb mite, Aceria tulipae, is the most important pest of stored tulip bulbs in The Netherlands. This tiny, eriophyoid mite hides in the narrow space between scales in the interior of the bulb. To achieve biological control of this hidden pest, candidate predators small enough to move in between the bulb scales are required. Earlier experiments have shown this potential for the phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris, but only after the bulbs were exposed to ethylene, a plant hormone that causes a slight increase in the distance between tulip bulb scales, just sufficient to allow this predator to reach the interior part of the bulb. Applying ethylene, however, is not an option in practice because it causes malformation of tulip flowers. In fact, to prevent this cosmetic damage, bulb growers ventilate rooms where tulip bulbs are stored, thereby removing ethylene produced by the bulbs (e.g. in response to mite or fungus infestation). Recently, studies on the role of predatory mites in controlling another eriophyoid mite on coconuts led to the discovery of an exceptionally small phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus paspalivorus. This predator is able to move under the perianth of coconuts where coconut mites feed on meristematic tissue of the fruit. This discovery prompted us to test N. paspalivorus for its ability to control A. tulipae on tulip bulbs under storage conditions (ventilated rooms with bulbs in open boxes; 23 °C; storage period June-October). Using destructive sampling we monitored predator and prey populations in two series of replicated experiments, one at a high initial level of dry bulb mite infestation, late in the storage period, and another at a low initial dry bulb mite infestation, halfway the storage period. The first and the second series involved treatment with N. paspalivorus and a control experiment, but the second series had an additional treatment in which the predator N. cucumeris was released. Taking the two series of experiments together we found that N. paspalivorus controlled the populations of dry bulb mites both on the outer scale of the bulbs as well as in the interior part of the bulbs, whereas N. cucumeris significantly reduced the population of dry bulb mites on the outer scale, but not in the interior part of the bulb. Moreover, N. paspalivorus was found predominantly inside the bulb, whereas N. cucumeris was only found on the outer scale, thereby confirming our hypothesis that the small size of N. paspalivorus facilitates access to the interior of the bulbs. We argue that N. paspalivorus is a promising candidate for the biological control of dry bulb mites on tulip bulbs under storage conditions in the Netherlands.

Efficiency of Phytoseiulus longipes Evans as a control agent of Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Tetranychidae) on screenhouse tomatoes

The spider mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard can cause severe damage to tomato crops. The predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes Evans was recently reported in association with T. evansi in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of P. longipes on the population of T. evansi on tomatoes under screenhouse condition. The study consisted on four experiments, in each of which 80 potted plantlets were distributed in two plots of 40 plantlets each. Two weeks later, each plantlet of both plots was infested with eight adult females of T. evansi; one week after, four adult females of P. longipes were released onto each plant of one plot. The population levels of T. evansi and the damage caused by these mites were significantly lower (P < 0.05; linear mixed-effect model) in the plots where P. longipes had been released. The results indicate the potential of this predator as a candidate for classical biological control of T. evansi by inoculative releases on tomato plants.

Efficiency of Phytoseiulus longipes Evans as a control agent of Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Tetranychidae) on screenhouse tomatoes.

The spider mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard can cause severe damage to tomato crops. The predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes Evans was recently reported in association with T. evansi in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of P. longipes on the population of T. evansi on tomatoes under screenhouse condition. The study consisted on four experiments, in each of which 80 potted plantlets were distributed in two plots of 40 plantlets each. Two weeks later, each plantlet of both plots was infested with eight adult females of T. evansi; one week after, four adult females of P. longipes were released onto each plant of one plot. The population levels of T. evansi and the damage caused by these mites were significantly lower (P < 0.05; linear mixed-effect model) in the plots where P. longipes had been released. The results indicate the potential of this predator as a candidate for classical biological control of T. evansi by inoculative releases on tomato plants.

Distribution of Tetranychus evansi and its predator Phytoseiulus longipes (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) in southern Brazil.

Tetranychus evansi is an important pest of tomato in several countries. The predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes has been found in association with it in Uruguaiana, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution of those two species in Uruguaiana region. Bi-weekly samples of plant parts were taken between January 28 and April 30, 2007 in Uruguaiana and five neighboring counties. Tetranychus evansi was found in all counties, but P. longipes was only found in Uruguaiana, mainly in the urban area. It is conceivable that such restricted distribution of P. longipes is due to its recent introduction to the region. Alternatively, unfavorable winter conditions could prevent its persistence, except in protected places. Buildings and vegetation characteristics of the urban area of Uruguaiana could moderate strong winds, intense rainfall and low temperatures that commonly occur in the area.

Acute heart failure: new diagnostic perspectives for the emergency physician.

The topic of heart failure (HF) in the emergency department is today relevant, since there are new serum markers and imaging techniques that may help in the diagnosis of this disease. Natriuretic peptides have now entered the flowchart for etiologic diagnosis in patients with acute dyspnea, when technical facilities are available. Recently, chest ultrasonography has been shown to be useful for the noninvasive assessment of extravascular lung water. Starting from this practical standpoint, we propose that simple chest ultrasonographic signs can provide a totally noninvasive characterization of pulmonary congestion in patients with HF.

Antiinflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic actions of beta-glucan-rich extract from Geastrum saccatum mushroom.

The Geastrum saccatum a mushroom, native to Brazil, is produced under natural conditions in the unexplored reserve of Mata da Estrela-RN. This species has curative properties for eye infections and diseases such as asthma. The tissues of this mushroom contain carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, moisture and ashes in amounts of 42.3%, 37.05%, 9.01, 1.4% and 10.2%, respectively. An extract from this mushroom was characterized by chemical analyses and (13)C and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. It contains high amount of glucose and traces of galactose. The signal appearing at 103.5 ppm was assigned to C1 of beta-glucose. The signals observed between 20 and 40 ppm suggest the presence of a glucan-protein compound. This glucan inhibited the lipid peroxidation at the dose of 0.27 mg/mL (59.1%) and it can protect cells against oxidative stress by scavenging of the hydroxyl (77%) and superoxide (88.4%) radicals at 0.27 mg/mL. The glucan (30 mg/kg) reduces the polymorphonuclear cell migration (57.6%). The ear edema induced by croton oil was inhibited by glucan (60.4% at 10 mg/kg) and by its association with diclofenac (5 mg/kg) (89.2%) or L-NAME (60 mg/kg) (86.23%). Histological analyses of the ear edema induced by croton oil in the presence of glucan (10, 30 or 50 mg/kg) showed a reduced degree of the polymorphonuclear cell migration. We concluded that the glucan has antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties as well as its antiinflammatory effect are mediated by inhibition of both nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX).

Chest ultrasonography in lung contusion.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of chest trauma and its high morbidity, lung contusion (LC) often remains undiagnosed in the emergency department (ED). The present study investigates the possible clinical applicability of chest ultrasonography for the diagnosis of LC in the ED in comparison to radiography and CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-one patients admitted to the ED for blunt chest trauma were investigated using ultrasonography by stage III longitudinal scanning of the anterolateral chest wall to detect LC. Data were retrospectively collected in an initial series of 109 patients (group 1) and prospectively in the next 12 patients (group 2). All patients who presented with pneumothorax were excluded. After the ultrasound study, all patients were submitted to chest radiography (CXR) and CT. The sonographic patterns indicative of LC included the following: (1) the alveolointerstitial syndrome (AIS) [defined by increase in B-line artifacts]; and (2) peripheral parenchymal lesion (PPL) [defined by the presence of C-lines: hypoechoic subpleural focal images with or without pleural line gap]. RESULTS: The diagnosis of LC was established by CT scan in 37 patients. If AIS is considered, the sensitivity of ultrasound study was 94.6%, specificity was 96.1%, positive and negative predictive values were 94.6% and 96.1%, respectively, and accuracy was 95.4%. If PPL is alternatively considered, sensitivity and negative predictive values drop to 18.9% and 63.0%, respectively, but both specificity and positive predictive values increased to 100%, with an accuracy of 65.9%. Radiography had sensitivity of 27% and specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Chest ultrasonography can accurately detect LC in blunt trauma victims, in comparison to CT scan.

Exigências térmicas e tabela de vida de fertilidade de Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) / Thermal requirements and fertility life table of Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Estudaram-se as exigências térmicas de Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) alimentado com Tetranychus urticae Koch em cinco temperaturas constantes (18, 20, 23, 26 e 30°C), e determinou-se o efeito de três temperaturas constantes (20, 23 e 26°C) sobre os parâmetros biológicos da fase adulta do ácaro. Os dados foram utilizados para construir tabelas de vida de fertilidade. Os estágios de ovo, larva, protoninfa, deutoninfa e período de ovo-adulto apresentaram temperaturas base de 12,6; 13,1; 11,6; 13,4 e 12,7°C, respectivamente, e constantes térmicas de 26,65; 10,27; 16,04; 13,31 e 66,04 GD, respectivamente. A duração média da geração (T) variou de 24,3 a 18,5 dias entre as temperaturas de 20°C e 26°C. A maior taxa líquida de reprodução (R0 = 35,3) e a maior capacidade intrínseca de aumento populacional (r m = 0,19) foram obtidas a 23°C. A maior fecundidade foi verificada a 26°C.

Thermal requirements of Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) fed with Tetranychus urticae Koch at five constant temperatures (18, 20, 23, 26 and 30°C), and the effect of three constant temperatures (20, 23 and 26°C) on the adult stage were studied. The data were used to produce the fertility life tables. The stages of egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult egg corresponded to the temperature thresholds of 12.6, 13.1, 11.6, 13.4 and 12.7°C, respectively, and thermal constants of 26.65, 10.27, 16.04, 13.31 and 66.04 DD, respectively. The average duration of a generation (T) varied from 24.3 to 18.5 days at the temperatures from 20°C to 26°C. The highest net reproduction (R0 = 35,3) and the intrinsic rate of increase (r m = 0,19) were obtained at 23°C. The highest fecundity rate was registered at 26°C.

Biologia comparada de Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) em fruteiras tropicais / Compared biology of Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tropical fruits species

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de desenvolvimento e reprodução de Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) em algumas espécies de fruteiras tropicais economicamente importantes. Os ácaros foram coletados em folhas de mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.), no campus da UFRPE e criados no laboratório, em arenas constituídas por discos de folha dessa fruteira. O experimento foi instalado com quatro tratamentos, representados pelos cultivares 011-BPA e 014-CPA de acerola (Malpighia emarginata A.DC.), mamão "Sunrise Solo" e laranja lima (Citrus sp.). Fêmeas adultas da criação foram confinadas durante 12h em arenas para oviposição. Avaliou-se a duração e a sobrevivência dos estágios imaturos em intervalos de 12h. Após a emergência, os adultos foram acasalados, sendo cada casal confinado em uma arena constituída por discos de folha. A longevidade e a fecundidade foram avaliadas a cada 24h. Com os resultados obtidos foi construída uma tabela de vida de fertilidade. O tempo de desenvolvimento de E. banksi foi menor no mamoeiro. Não houve diferença na longevidade de fêmeas nas diferentes fruteiras estudadas. A fecundidade de E. banksi foi maior no mamoeiro, diferindo das duas cultivares de acerola e laranja lima. A taxa líquida de reprodução, capacidade de aumento e razão finita de aumento foram maiores no mamoeiro. O menor tempo de desenvolvimento e maior fecundidade de E. banksi nessa fruteira podem ter ocorrido pelo fato de a população de ácaros ter sido coletada originalmente na mesma espécie vegetal.

The objective of this research was to determine the potential development and reproduction of Eutetranchus banski (McGregor) in some economically important species of tropical fruit tree. The mites were collected from papaya tree (Carica papaya L.), in the UFRPE Campus and reared in the laboratory, in arenas consisted of leaf discs of papaya tree. Four host species were tryied: cultivars 011-BPA and 014-CPA of Barbado's cherry (Malpighia emarginata A.DC.), papaya tree "Sunrise Solo" and orange lime (Citrus sp.). Adult females were confined during 12h in arenas for oviposition and the duration and survival of the immature stages were evaluated at 12h intervals. After the emergence, the adults were mated and each couple was confined in one leaf disc's arena. Longevity and fecundity were evaluated at each 24h. The results originated a fertility life table. The development time of E. banski was shorter in papaya tree. There was no difference in the females longevity in the different fruit trees studied. The fecundity of E. banski was higher in papaya tree, different from Barbado's cherry and lime orange. The net reproduction rates (Ro), the finite ratio of increase (l) and the increase capacity were higher in papaya tree. The lowest development period and higher fecundity of E. banski in papaya tree were possibly due to the fact that the mite population was originated from the same plant species.

Efeito de diferentes temperaturas no desenvolvimento e reprodução de Tetranychus abacae Baker & Printchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) em bananeira Musa sp. cv. Prata / Effect of different temperatures on the development and reproduction of Tetranychus abacae Baker & Printchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Musa sp. cv. Prata

Estudaram-se as exigências térmicas de Tetranychus abacae Baker & Printchard em Musa sp. cv. Prata em quatro temperaturas constantes (20; 23; 25,5 e 30°C), bem como o efeito dessas sobre a fase adulta. Com esses dados, foram construídas tabelas de vida de fertilidade. Os estágios de ovo, larva, protoninfa, deutoninfa e ovo-adulto apresentaram temperatura base de 14,9; 15,2; 14,2; 16,2 e 15,3°C, respectivamente. As constantes térmicas foram de 47,7; 25,4; 25,5; 27,4 e 124,3 GD para as fases de ovo, larva, protoninfa, deutoninfa e período de ovo-adulto, respectivamente. A maior fecundidade foi verificada na temperatura de 25,5°C. A duração média da geração (T) variou de 50,03 a 13,51 dias entre as temperaturas de 20°C e 30°C. A taxa líquida de reprodução (R0) foi maior na temperatura de 25,5°C, aumentando 28,7 vezes a cada geração. A capacidade reprodutiva (r m) e a razão finita de aumento (l) variaram de 0,049 e 1,05 a 0,226 e 1,25 entre as temperaturas de 20°C a 30°C, respectivamente. Estimou-se que T. abacae pode desenvolver até 31 gerações por ano a 26°C em condições de campo e 43 gerações por ano a 30°C em condições de casa de vegetação, no estado de Pernambuco.

The thermal requirements of Tetranychus abacae Baker & Printchard in Musa sp. cv. Prata were studied at constant temperatures (20; 23; 25,5 and 30°C), as well as the effect of the temperatures on the adult phase. Age-specific life tables were built with the data. The basal temperature and thermal constant for egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and egg-adult development were: 14,9; 15,2; 14,2; 16,2 and 15,3°C and 47,7; 25,4; 25,5; 27,4 and 124,3 GD, respectively. High fecundity was registered at 25,5°C. The mean duration of the generation (T) varied from 50,03 to 13,51 days between 20°C and 30°C. The net reproductive rate (R0) was high at the temperature of 25,5°C, increasing 28,7 times at each generation. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m) and the finite rate of increase (l) varied from 0,049 and 1,05 to 0,226 and 1,25 between 20°C to 30°C, respectively. It as possible to estimate that T. abacae can develop up to 31 generations per year at 26°C in field conditions and 31 generations per year at 30°C in green house conditions, in Pernambuco State, Brazil.