Decolorization of different textile dyes by Penicillium simplicissimum and toxicity evaluation after fungal treatment

The objective of this study was to investigate the capacity of decolorization and detoxification of the textile dyes Reactive Red 198 (RR198), Reactive Blue 214 (RB214), Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) and the mixture of the three dyes (MXD) by Penicillium simplicissimum INCQS 40211. The dye RB21, a phthalocyanine, was totally decolorized in 2 days, and the others, the monoazo RR198, the diazo RB214 and MXD were decolorized after 7 days by P. simplicissimum. Initially the dye decolorization involved dye adsorption by the biomass followed by degradation. The acute toxicity after fungal treatment was monitored with the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex and measured through Effective Concentration 50 percent (EC50). P. simplicissimum reduced efficiently the toxicity of RB21 from moderately acutely toxic to minor acutely toxic and it also reduced the toxicity of RB214 and MXD, which remained minor acutely toxic. Nevertheless, the fungus increased the toxicity of RR198 despite of the reduction of MXD toxicity, which included this dye. Thus, P. simplicissimum INCQS 40211 was efficient to decolorize different textile dyes and the mixture of them with a significant reduction of their toxicity. In addition this investigation also demonstrated the need of toxicological assays associated to decolorization experiments.

Helminths of white-bellied opossum from Brazil.

Helminths were collected from 22 specimens of the white-bellied opossum (Didelphis albiventris) captured in the region of Pampulha (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), from May 1985 to March 1995. Ten species of helminths were collected; these included Rhopalias coronatus, Brachylaema migrans, Aspidodera raillieti, Cruzia tentaculata, Turgida turgida, Gongylonema sp., Viannaia hamata, Travassostrongylus orloffi, Trichuris didelphis and Capillaria sp.

[Consultation in the context of interpersonal communication--the clients perception]. / A consulta de enfermagem no contexto da comunicação interpessoal--a percepção do cliente.

This study describes clients perceptions about the nursing consultation, under the interpersonal communication context point of view. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, with a sample of 11 (eleven) clients, who attended the Diabetes Control and High Blood Pressure Program of the Medical Specialities Center of Campo Grande-MS. Results demonstrated clients positive perceptions about nursing consultation and nurses and clients difficulties in explaining their feelings clearly.

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbold, 1884): análise comparativa da ocorrência em eqüinos, muares e asininos / Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbold, 1884): comparative analysis of the occurrence in horses, mules and donkeys

Para estudo da ocorrência da infecçäo por Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, em alguns Estados brasileiros, foram examinados os pulmöes de 20 asininos, 22 muares e 44 eqüinos procedentes dos seguintes Estados: Maranhäo, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais e Goiás. Foram registradas as ocorrências de 65 por cento, 22,72 por cento e 4,54 por cento, respectivamente, para asininos, muares e eqüinos; as intensidades médias de 34,3, 36,5 e 2,0 vermes para asininos, muares e eqüinos e as relaçöes macho/fêmea de 1: 1,82 e de 1: 1,41 D. arnfieldi em asininos e muares

[Communication as an interactive process of the nurse-client therapeutic relationship]. / A comunicação como processo interativo do relacionamento terapêutico enfermeiro-cliente.

The present study, aims mainly to present some specifications concerning the way the communication can work in the interactive process; the specifications show not "what" but "how" the communication can be part of a therapeutic method. Along this study it is intend to make an approach about the theory of communication, pointing out some items believed to be agreed upon either about the efficiency or inefficiency in the therapeutic relationship nurse patient. Especially concerning the nonverbal communication.