Radiopacity of Methacrylate and Silorane Composite Resins Using a Digital Radiographic System.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of silorane and methacrylate resin composites, comparing them to the enamel, dentin, and aluminum penetrometer using a digital image. From six resin composites (Filtek™ P90, Filtek Z350, Filtek Z350 XT flow, Tetric Ceram, TPH Spectrum, and SureFil SDR flow) cylindrical disks (5 × 1 mm) were made and radiographed by a digital method, together with a 15-step aluminum step-wedge and a 1 mm slice of human tooth. The degree of radiopacity of each image was quantified using digital image processing. The mean values of the shades of gray of the tested materials were measured and the equivalent width of aluminum was calculated for each resin. The results of our work yielded the following radiopacity values, given here in descending order: Tetric Ceram > TPH > SDR > Z350 > Z350 flow > P90 > enamel > dentin. The radiopacity of the materials was different both for the enamel and for the dentin, except for resin P90, which was no different than enamel. In conclusion, silorane-based resin exhibited a radiopacity higher than dentin and closest to the enamel; a large portion of the methacrylate-based flow and conventional resins demonstrated greater radiopacity in comparison to dentin and enamel.

In vitro evaluation of proximal carious lesions using digital radiographic systems.

The study aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of digital radiographic systems for the diagnosis of proximal carious lesions. Extracted human teeth (3 canines, 3 premolars, and 3 molars) were submitted to one of three types of proximal lesions (demineralized area, cavity affecting the enamel alone, and cavity affecting enamel and dentin). Bitewing radiographs were obtained from each system (Sirona, Kodak, and Schick) and evaluated by 12 raters (4 dental students, 4 radiology specialists, and 4 dentists). The chi-squared test was used to determine the frequency of correct diagnoses among the different systems, raters, teeth, and types of lesion. Sensitivity and specificity regarding demineralized areas were calculated for each system. The frequencies of correct diagnoses were found: Schick (70.8%), Kodak (63.9%), Sirona (59.0%), specialists (69.4%), students (62.5%), dentists (61.8%), premolars (70.1%), canines (65.3%), and molars (58.3%). No significant differences were found among the different systems, raters, or teeth (P > 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.64 and 0.47 (Schick), 0.56 and 0.50 (Sirona), and 0.48 and 0.58 (Kodak). The most correct diagnoses were achieved using the Schick digital system on premolars and evaluated by specialists in radiology. The systems demonstrated low sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of demineralized areas.

Comparative analysis between three methods of bone estimating age in individuals with down syndrome by mode of the hand and wrist ray.

The wrist and hand region has been the most commonly used for estimating age and osseous development due to the great number of ossification centers. The aim was to determine which method, Tanner & Whitehouse's (TW3), Greulich & Pyle's (GP) or Eklof & Ringertz's, more closely relates to the chronological age in subjects with Down syndrome with chronological ages between 61 and 180 months, using wrist and hand radiographs. The sample consisted of 85 radiographs, 52 of males and 33 of females. Eklof & Ringertz's method was computerized (Radiomemory). Greulich & Pyle's atlas was used and compared with the wrist and hand radiographs. For the TW3 method, 13 ossification centers were evaluated; for each one of them, there are seven or eight development stages to which scores are assigned; these scores are then added and the results are transformed into osseous age values. No statistically significant differences were observed between the male and female genders for methods TW3 and GP, contrasting with the observed differences for the Eklof & Ringertz method. Correlation (r2) between osseous and chronological ages was 0.8262 for TW3 and 0.7965 for GP, while for the method of Eklof & Ringertz, it was 0.7656 for females and 0.8353 for males. The author concluded that the osseous age assessment method that better related to the chronological age was the TW3, followed by Greulich & Pyle's and Eklof & Ringertz's.

Evaluation of radiographic waste management in dental offices and radiology clinics of São Luís (MA)

Introduction: Lack of information continues to lead the professionals of various areas to contribute to environment degradation, and Dentistry is a potential source of contamination through chemical residues resulting from radiographic procedures. Objective:To evaluate the management of residues resulting from radiographic processing in dental radiology clinics and dental offices in São Luís - MA, Brazil. Material and methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared with the aim of characterizing the behavior of professionals and their procedures for discarding the processing solutions (developer, fixer, and water) and radiographic packing materials. A sample of 100 individuals represented 7.8% of the total number of 1,281 dentists in the city of São Luís.Results: A total of 92% of the participants believed that radiographic effluents could cause damage to the environment. Concerning to the fixer discarding, 43% affirmed that they threw the solution directly through the sink, 36% diluted the fixer in water and threw it into the sink, 14% used a specialized company to discard it and 7% used other means. The developer was discarded as follows: 42% threw it down the sink, 36% diluted it in water before throwing it into the sink, 13% used a specialized company to discard it and 9% used other ways. Considering to the discarding of the packing of the radiographic films, 51% threw them into the trash and 49% used a specialized disposal company. Conclusion: Large portions of dentists do not discard radiographic processing residues and films correctly.

Assessment of divine proportion in the cranial structure of individuals with Angle Class II malocclusion on lateral cephalograms

INTRODUCTION: The study of the Divine Proportion (Φ = 1.618) began with the Greeks, having as main researchers the mathematician Pythagoras and the sculptor Phidias. In Dentistry, Ricketts (1981-82) was an early to study this issue. OBJECTIVE: This study proposed to evaluate how some cephalometric measures are presented in relation to the Divine Proportion, with the total of 52 proportions, formed by 28 cephalometric landmarks. METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 40 Class II adults patients aging from 17 to 45 years (13 male and 27 female) were evaluated. The linear distances between the landmarks were measured using Radiocef Studio software. RESULTS: After statistical analysis, the data shown an average of 65,48% in the Divine Proportion, 17,5% in the relation Ans-Op/V1S-DM16 and 97,5% in the relations Na-Me/Na-PoNa e Na-PoNa/Na-Gn. CONCLUSION: Among all cephalometric measurements investigated, the lower facial third and the dental arches showed the smallest percentages of Divine Proportion.

Avaliação da proporção divina craniofacial antes e após tratamento ortodôntico, em fotografias e radiografias cefalométricas laterais / Evaluation of the craniofacial divine proportion before and after the orthodontic treatment, with photographs and radiographies cephalometrics laterals

Buscando a melhora e a individualização da análise cefalométrica na avaliação de indivíduos submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico, propôs-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a proporção divina em quatro razões cefalométricas e duas fotométricas. A amostra foi composta por 42 indivíduos adultos, na faixa etária de 18 a 45 anos, sendo 21 de cada gênero, antes e após o tratamento ortodôntico, utilizando-se radiografia cefalométrica lateral e fotografia lateral. As imagens radiográficas e as fotografias foram digitalizadas em 75 dpi com o auxílio de scanner conforme especificações da empresa que desenvolveu o software para cefalometria Radiocef Studio (Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil). Os pontos anatômicos foram marcados duas vezes sobre a imagem digital radiográfica e fotográfica na tela do computador. A fim de verificar o erro intraexaminador, os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Após a submissão dos dados aos testes estatísticos conclui-se que as quatro razões cefalométricas, antes e após o tratamento ortodôntico, não estavam, em média, em proporção divina. Porém, houve uma aproximação, em média, da proporção divina com o tratamento em Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS, MdOr--POOr/POOr-MxOr e Me-Ena/Ena-N. As duas razões nas fotografias, antes e após o tratamento ortodôntico, estavam em proporção divina; uma delas, B-C/A-B, aproximou-se em média ainda mais da proporção divina após o tratamento. Houve diferença estatística entre B-C/A-B e MdOr-POOr/POOr-MxOr; A-C/A-D e Me-Ena/Ena-N, estando as duas razões nas fotografias mais próximas da proporção divina antes do tratamento. Após o tratamento, somente a razão da fotografia A-C/A-D estava próxima da proporção divina.

The aim of this work is to search for better individualised analyses of the cephalometric evolution on individuals submitted to orthodontic treatment. To evaluate the divine proportion in four cephalometric and two photometric reasons. Samples of 42 individual adults, age between 18 and 45, consisting of 21 from each gender, analysed before and after the orthodontic treatment, used cephalometric and photometric lateral radiographies. The radiographic and photometric images digitalized in 75dpi and scanned according to the company, Radiocef Studio, which developed the software. The anatomic features were marked twice on digital radiographic and photographic images on a computer. In order to verify intra examination errors, the data was submitted for regression analyses. After submitting the data to the statistic testes, the conclusion was that the four cephalometric reasons, before and after the orthodontic treatment, was not, on average, in the divine proportion. However, it was closer, on average, to the divine proportion with the Ena-Enp/V1S-C1MS,MdOr/POOr-MxOr, e Me-Ena/Ena-N. The two reasons in the photographs, before and after the orthodontic treatment, were of divine proportion and one of them B-C/A-B got even closer, on average to the divine proportion after the treatment. There were statistic differences between B-C/A-B and MdOr-POOr/POOr-MxOr; A-C/A-D and Me-Ena/Ena-N, the two reasons were closer to the divine proportion in the photographs before the treatment. After the treatment, only photograph A-C/A-D was close to the divine proportion

Evaluation of digital optical density of bone repair in rats medicated with ketoprofen

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do cetoprofeno sobre o processo de reparação óssea em tíbias de ratos, por meio da análise da densidade óptica digital. Vinte ratos da linhagem Wistar foram divididos em 2 grupos: um grupo controle (sem tratamento) e um grupo tratado com cetoprofeno. Os procedimentos experimentais consistiram de: anestesia, cirurgia, administração do cetoprofeno e exame radiográfico. As imagens radiográficas foram adquiridas empregando-se o sensor digital Visualix GX-S-HDI™ e um aparelho de raios X. As radiografias foram realizadas nos períodos baseline (inicial), 7, 14, 21 e 30 dias pós-operatório, sendo a densidade óptica (DO) avaliada por meio do sistema Vix winTM 1.4. Os valores médios da leitura da DO obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de ANOVA e teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. No grupo controle, houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,001) entre o tempo e a DO, enquanto no grupo tratado com cetoprofeno a diferença não foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,100). O grupo controle apresentou as menores proporções de DO (%) no 1º e 7º dias e as maiores proporções de DO (%) no 14º, 21º e 30º dias, com diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,001). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,100) entre as proporções médias de DO (%) no grupo tratado, independentemente do período de avaliação. Os achados deste trabalho sugerem que houve influência do cetoprofeno sobre o processo de reparo ósseo, uma vez que na primeira semana o medicamento proporcionou aumento na densidade óptica e provocou atraso na neoformação óssea após o 21º dia.

Evaluation of digital optical density of bone repair in rats medicated with ketoprofen.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of ketoprofen on bone repair process in tibiae of rats by means of analysis of the digital optical density. Twenty Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: an untreated control group and a group treated with ketoprofen. The experimental procedures comprised the following stages: general anesthesia, preparation of a unicortical bone defect on the left tibia of each rat, medication with ketoprofen and radiographic examination. Digital radiographic images were acquired using Visualix GX-S-HDI digital sensor and an x-ray equipment. Radiographs were taken at baseline, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days postoperatively and the optical density (OD) was evaluated using the Vix win 1.4 system. The mean values of OD readings were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test with significance level set at á=5%. The control group showed a statistically significant correlation (p=0.001) between time and optical density, while the ketoprofen group exhibited a weak and not statistically significant correlation (p=0.100). The control group presented the smallest OD ratios at days 1 and 7, and the greatest OD ratios at days 14, 21 and 30, with statistically significant difference (p=0.001). There was no significant differences (p=0.100) among the OD ratios in the ketoprofen group, regardless of the evaluation period. The findings of this study suggest that ketoprofen influenced bone repair process because there was an increase in optical density during the first week and delayed new bone formation after the 21st day.

Evaluation of the efficiency of an infection control protocol in dental radiology by means of microbiological analysis

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia de um protocolo para controle de infecção cruzada em radiologia odontológica, durante as fases de técnica e processamento radiográfico, visto que a transmissão de doenças infecciosas deve ser uma preocupação do cirurgião-dentista em todos os procedimentos. As áreas selecionadas para coleta de material foram: filme radiográfico, cabeçote de raios-X, cadeira odontológica, avental de chumbo, interruptor, parede do biombo de chumbo, bancada da câmara escura e as soluções processadoras (revelador, água e fixador). Em cada área, o material foi coletado antes e após a instituição do protocolo. Para cada local escolhido foram utilizadas 10 placas Rodac, perfazendo um total de 140 placas (70 antes e 70 após) e 60 placas de Petri (30 antes e 30 após),ambas contendo meio de cultura ágar sangue. As soluções de processamento foram dispensadas nas placas de Petri, enquanto o material obtido, nas demais áreas foi coletado diretamente nas placas Rodac. Em seguida, as placas foram incubadas a 37°C durante quarenta e oito horas, para posterior contagem do número de colônias. Os resultados obtidos, quando submetidos ao teste estatístico de Wilcoxon, revelaram diferença significante (p= 0,002) entre a contagem realizada antes e após a utilização do protocolo proposto. Concluiu-se que após a instituição deste protocolo houve redução do número microrganismo nas superfícies examinadas e soluções processadoras