Flavonoids, biphenyls and xanthones from the genus Clusia: chemistry, biological activities and chemophenetics relevance.

Clusia is one of the most important genera of the Clusiaceae family, comprising up to 400 species. This review describes the identification of twenty-two flavonoids from Clusia species, which includes five flavonols (1-4 and 11), six flavones (5-10), one catechin (12), one flavanone (13), and nine biflavonoids (14-22). O- and C-glycosylation are frequently observed amongst these flavonoids. Furthermore, seven biphenyls (23-29) and nine xanthones (30-38) have been isolated from Clusia species. Biphenyls and xanthones show limited occurrence within the genus, but together with biosynthetic insights, they might offer important chemophenetics leads for the consolidation of the genus Clusia within the Clusiaceae family. Altogether, this work provides an overview of the chemistry of the genus Clusia in terms of flavonoids, biphenyls and xanthones, as well as it discusses biological activities and chemophenetics of the isolated compounds, when appropriate.

Psicodrama e imagens simbólicas: autopercepção e criatividade no enfrentamento de conflitos / Psychodrama and symbolic images: self-perception and creativity in facing conflicts / Psicodrama e imágenes simbólicas: autopercepción y creatividad en el enfrentamiento de conflictos

RESUMO A intervenção psicodramática realizada de forma virtual em tempos de pandemia (2020-2022) tem por objetivo trabalhar a expressividade da comunicação de um professor no âmbito pessoal e profissional utilizando imagens simbólicas como recurso. Busca, ao trabalhar os níveis de dramatização, revisitar o locus da perda da espontaneidade, promover ampliação de sua autopercepção e criatividade para poder enfrentar seus conflitos interrelacionais. Reconhecer ainda, a possibilidade da boa comunicação existente em papel amplamente desenvolvido poder ressoar nos papéis que estão em formação ou revelem conflitos.

ABSTRACT The psychodramatic intervention carried out virtually, in times of a pandemic (2020-2022), aims to work on the expressiveness of a teacher's communication in the personal and professional scope using symbolic images as a resource. When working on the dramatization levels, he seeks to revisit the locus of the loss of spontaneity, to promote the expansion of his self-perception and creativity, in order to be able to face his interrelational conflicts. He also recognizes the possibility that good communication existing in a widely developed role can resonate in roles that are in formation or reveal conflicts.

RESUMEN La intervención psicodramática realizada de manera virtual, en tiempos de pandemia (2020-2022), tiene como objetivo trabajar la expresividad de la comunicación de un docente en el ámbito personal y profesional utilizando como recurso las imágenes simbólicas. Al trabajar los niveles de dramatización, busca revisitar el locus de la pérdida de espontaneidad, promover la ampliación de su autopercepción y creatividad, para poder enfrentar sus conflictos interrelacionales. Reconocer también la posibilidad de que la buena comunicación existente en un rol ampliamente desarrollado pueda resonar en roles que están en formación o revelan conflictos.

Clinical, sonographic and anatomopathological aspects of ovarian teratoma in a heifer / Aspectos clínicos, ultrassonográficos e anatomopatológicos do teratoma ovariano em uma novilha

Teratomas rarely occur in domestic species, especially in cattle. These tumors originate in fetal life and are characterized by rapid growth, which justifies their frequent detection in young animals. This study reported a case of ovarian teratoma in a heifer. On physical examination, the main signs identified were apathy, abdominal distention and tension, empty rumen, and mushy diarrhea. During rectal palpation, a mass was identified in the pelvic region, which was suggestive of cysts on ultrasound examination. The animal underwent laparotomy, followed by euthanasia due to a poor prognosis. At necropsy, a 54 x 43 x 52 cm (length x width x thickness) tumor was observed in the right ovary with multiple cystic areas, in addition to masses associated with multiple adhesions of the intestinal loops and peritonitis. On histopathology, muscle, cartilage, bone, nervous and epithelial tissue, glands, hair with follicles, were identified in the affected ovary. There was mixed inflammation and foci of necrosis observed with a complete absence of ovarian architecture in both the ovaries. Infiltrations were identified in the lymph nodes and mesenteric vessels. Glandular ducts were seen from the serosa to the intestinal mucosa. A locally infiltrative and expansile ovarian teratoma was diagnosed accordingly. It is considered that this kind of tumor can induce abdominal distension and absence of estrus in previously healthy, non-pregnant heifers.

Os teratomas são tumores raros nas espécies domésticas, sobretudo em bovinos. Esses tumores são caracterizados por crescimento rápido e origem durante a vida fetal, o que justifica seu diagnóstico frequente em animais jovens. O presente trabalho relata um caso de teratoma ovariano em uma novilha. No exame físico, os principais sinais identificados foram apatia, distensão e tensão abdominal, rúmen vazio e diarreia pastosa. Durante a palpação retal, uma massa foi identificada na região pélvica. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, a massa era sugestiva de cistos. O animal foi submetido a laparotomia, seguido de eutanásia devido ao mau prognóstico. Na necropsia foi observado um tumor de 54 x 43 x 52 cm (comprimento x largura x espessura) no ovário direito com múltiplas áreas císticas, além de massas associadas à múltiplas aderências das alças intestinais e peritonite. Na histopatologia foram identificados no ovário acometido a presença de tecidos muscular, cartilaginoso, ósseo, nervoso e epitelial, com glândulas, pelos e folículos. Havia inflamação mista e focos de necrose com ausência completa de arquitetura ovariana em ambos os ovários. Infiltrações foram identificadas em linfonodos e vasos mesentéricos. Ductos glandulares foram vistos desde a serosa até mucosa intestinal. Diagnosticou-se um teratoma ovariano localmente infiltrativo e expansivo. Considera-se que este tumor pode induzir distensão abdominal e ausência de estro em novilhas previamente sadias e não gestantes.

Septic shock following hysteroscopy - A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive gynecological surgery such as hysteroscopy has a small risk of complications. These include uterine perforation (with or without adjacent pelvic organ lesion), bleeding and infection, and are more common in the presence of risk factors such as smoking, history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and endometriosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A patient submitted to a diagnostic hysteroscopy with no immediate complications was admitted five days later to the emergency department in septic shock. The diagnosis of ruptured tubal abscess was made, requiring emergency laparotomy with sub-total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy. Despite multiple organ failure requiring admission to the intensive care unit, the patient made a full recovery. CONCLUSION: Ascending infection can be a life-threatening complication of hysteroscopy, even in the absence of previously known risk factors.

Treated residue from aluminium lamination as adsorbent of toxic reactive dyes - a kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic study.

The residue generated in the aluminium cold lamination (TTR) was submitted to a direct burning and then it was calcined at 500°C. BET, FTIR, SEM with EDX and TGA techniques were performed to characterize the adsorbent before and after the adsorption. BET analysis showed that TTR specific surface area was 55.37 m2 g-1 and there were no significant changes after the adsorptive process. Afterwards, the TTR was applied as adsorbent of the reactive Drimaren Blue (DB), Drimaren Red (DR) and Drimaren Gold (DG). Its employment consists in a sustainable alternative for the treatment of textile wastewater, once the TTR was used as low-cost adsorbent of textile dyes. Kinetic studies showed that the process reached the equilibrium state between 5 and 10 min. The pseudo-second-order model better fitted the adsorption kinetics, with kinetic rate constants 10.51, 34.71 and 31.51 mg min g-1 for DB, DR and DG respectively. The equilibrium experiments were performed to obtain the adsorption parameters for each dye; moreover, the maximum adsorption capacity was 6.27, 0.42 and 1.23 mg g-1 for DB, DR and DG, respectively. Thermodynamics studies allowed to obtain the values of enthalpy for DB, DR and DG, -7.90, 14.03 and -17.75 kJ mol-1, respectively. Furthermore, the negative values of Gibbs free energy confirmed the spontaneity of the adsorption. The results point to the physisorption characteristic of the process, in which the temperature negatively influenced the adsorption for the DB and DG; the opposite result was observed for the DR.

O processo de morrer: que expressão tem nos registos de enfermagem / The dying process: its manifestation in nursing records / El proceso de muerte: qué expresión tiene en los registros de enfermería

Enquadramento: Apesar da mudança significativa na documentação dos cuidados de enfermagem ocorrida na última década, no âmbito do processo de morrer existem ainda algumas fragilidades que demonstram necessidade de serem estudadas. Objetivo: Analisar os focos de enfermagem documentados pelos enfermeiros, durante o processo de morrer no contexto hospitalar e identificar as diferenças de registos relativos aos focos valorizados nas diferentes áreas clínicas. Metodologia: Integrado numa investigação mais ampla intitulada Viver a Morte: desafio da profissão de enfermagem, este estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospetivo documental, foi realizado recorrendo à análise de 36.281 focos de enfermagem documentados por 1.270 enfermeiros. Resultados: Dos 36.281 focos registados, verifica-se que a maioria da documentação é relativa à Função (56,5%), seguindo-se a Pessoa (43,5%), dados que evidenciam uma aparente desvalorização das transições vivenciadas pelas pessoas, no âmbito da morte e dos processos de morrer. Conclusão: Torna-se emergente descentrar a atenção de uma prática predominantemente focada na componente biomédica, em prol de um cuidado centrado nas experiências vivenciadas pelas pessoas diante da iminência e inevitabilidade da finitude da vida.

Background: Despite the changes over the last decade in nursing care, some concerns about the care practice in the process of dying remain. Objective: To analyze the focus documented by nurses during the dying process within the hospital context and to identify the differences in records relating to the focus valued in the different clinical areas. Methodology: As part of a larger research project called Living Death: the challenge of the nursing profession, this quantitative, descriptive, and retrospective documentary study was performed based on the analysis of 36,281 nursing actions documented by 1,270 nurses. Results: Of the 36,281 actions recorded, most of the documentation is related to Function (56.5%), followed by Person (43.5%), which shows an apparent disregard for the transitions experienced by patients within the context of death and the processes of dying. Conclusion: It is increasingly important to decentralize the attention of a practice that is predominantly focused on the biomedical component, in favor of care focusing on the experiences facing the imminence and inevitability of death.

Marco contextual: A pesar del cambio significativo en la documentación de los cuidados de enfermería, ocurrido en la última década, en el marco del proceso de morir, existen todavía algunos puntos críticos que siguen precisando un estudio más a fondo. Objetivo: Analizar los puntos de enfermería documentados por los enfermeros, durante el proceso de morir en el contexto hospitalario e identificar las diferencias en los registros relacionados con los focos valorados en las diferentes áreas clínicas. Metodología: Integrado en una investigación más amplia titulada Vivir la Muerte: desafío de la profesión de enfermería, este estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo documental, fue realizado recurriendo al análisis de 36.281 focos de enfermería documentados por 1.270 enfermeros. Resultados: De los 36.281 focos registrados, se verifica que la mayoría de la documentación se refiere a la Función (56,5%), seguida de Persona (43,5%), datos que evidencian una aparente devaluación de las transiciones vivenciadas por las personas, en el ámbito de la muerte y de los procesos de morir. Conclusión: Es prioritario descentrar la atención de una práctica predominantemente enfocada en la componente biomédica, en pro de un cuidado centrado en las experiencias vivenciadas por las personas ante la inminencia e inevitabilidad de la finitud de la vida.

A importância do Plano de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos para o pagamento de passivos ambientais: o caso da saúde dos catadores do Lixão do Jóquei Clube, no Distrito Federal, Brasil / The importance of the Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan for the payment of environmental liabilities: the case of the health of the waste pickers of the Lixo do Jóquei Clube, in the Federal District, Brazil / La importancia del Plan de Gestión Integrada de Residuos Sólidos para el pago de pasivos ambientales: el caso de la salud de los recolectores del bastidor del Jockey Club, en el Distrito Federal, Brasil

. Objetivo: Discutir a importância do Plano de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos para o pagamento de passivos ambientais de lixões e aterros relacionados com danos à saúde dos catadores de material reciclável expostos à patógenos, gases, pragas, acidentes, insolação etc. durante a operação da atividade. Metodologia: Foi escolhida a abordagem qualitativa e o método hipotético-dedutivo. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados provenientes de revisão bibliográfica. Utilizou-se o método de estudo de caso do Aterro do Jóquei Clube da Estrutural, em desativação. Resultados: A questão dos riscos e danos à saúde de catadores de material reciclável associados às más condições de lixões e aterros, mesmo os sanitários, é relevante no Distrito Federal e suas consequências podem ser sentidas no aumento de demandas ao sistema público de saúde. Conclusão: Indica-se a necessidade do fortalecimento do PGIRS, como instrumento de Gestão Ambiental de Resíduos Sólidos.

Objective: To discuss the importance of the Solid Waste Management Integrated Plan for the payment of environmental liabilities of dumps and landfills related to health damages to recyclable waste collectors exposed to pathogens, gases, pests, accidents, sunshine, etc. during the operation of the activity. Methodology: The qualitative approach and the hypothetical-deductive method were chosen. A survey of data from a literature review was carried out. We used the case study method of Jockey's Landfill Club of the Structural, in deactivation. Results: The question of the risks and damages to the health of recyclable waste collectors associated to the bad conditions of dumps and landfills, even the sanitary ones, is relevant in the Federal District and its consequences can be felt in the increase of demands to the public health system. Conclusion: It is indicated the need to strengthen the PGIRS, as an instrument for the Environmental Management of Solid Waste

Objetivo: Discutir la importancia del Plan para la Gestión Integrada de Residuos Sólidos para el pago de pasivos ambientales de basurales y vertederos relacionados con daños a la salud de los recolectores de material reciclable expuestos a patógenos, gases, plagas, accidentes, insolación, etc. durante la operación de la actividad. Metodología: Se eligió el enfoque cualitativo y el método hipotético-deductivo. Se realizó un levantamiento de datos provenientes de revisión bibliográfica. Se utilizó el método de estudio de caso del Aterro del Jockey Club de la Estructura, en desactivación. Resultados: La cuestión de los riesgos y daños a la salud de recolectores de material reciclable asociados a las malas condiciones de basurales y vertederos, incluso los sanitarios, es relevante en el Distrito Federal y sus consecuencias pueden ser sentidas en el aumento de demandas al sistema público de salud. Conclusión: Se indica la necesidad del fortalecimiento del PGIRS, como instrumento de Gestión Ambiental de Residuos Sólidos

Binding thermodynamics of synthetic dye Allura Red with bovine serum albumin.

The interaction between Allura Red and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied in vitro at pH 7.4. The fluorescence quenching was classified as static quenching due to the formation of AR-BSA complex, with binding constant (K) ranging from 3.26±0.09 to 8.08±0.0610(4)L.mol(-1), at the warfarin binding site of BSA. This complex formation was driven by increasing entropy. Isothermal titration calorimetric measurements also showed an enthalpic contribution. The Allura Red diffusion coefficient determined by the Taylor-Aris technique corroborated these results because it reduced with increasing BSA concentration. Interfacial tension measurements showed that the AR-BSA complex presented surface activity, since interfacial tension of the water-air interface decreased as the colorant concentration increased. This technique also provided a complexation stoichiometry similar to those obtained by fluorimetric experiments. This work contributes to the knowledge of interactions between BSA and azo colorants under physiological conditions.

Epidemiologia descritiva da raiva dos herbívoros notificados no estado do Paraná entre 1977 e 2012 / Epidemiology of rabies in large animals of Parana, Brazil, from 1977 to 2012

Realizou-se estudo epidemiológico descritivo da raiva dos herbívoros no estado do Paraná entre os anos de 1977 e 2012. Os casos confirmados de raiva e o total de amostras de encéfalo encaminhadas para o diagnóstico foram distribuídos por espécie, por ano, por meses, por mesorregião geográfica e por municípios, aplicando-se o teste de Qui-quadrado para verificar se havia associação com esses fatores. Modelo probabilístico foi ajustado à série histórica para verificação de padrões cíclico ou sazonal. Comprovou-se que a raiva é uma doença endêmica no PR, com ocorrência variável entre os anos, sem padrão sazonal e com ciclicidade aparente a cada 18 anos, acometendo, sobretudo, bovinos (86,9%) e equídeos (11,3%). Verificou-se grande difusão no estado (47,6% dos municípios), e a maior expansão geográfica aconteceu na última década. As áreas de ocorrência maior foram as mesorregiões Centro Oriental e de Curitiba, seguidas por Norte Pioneiro e Oeste. O número de casos de raiva por município se correlacionou, ainda que fracamente, com o número de abrigos de Desmodus rotundus (r=0,469; p<0,0001). Sugere-se que a imunização anual de bovinos e equídeos passe a ser adotada nas áreas de maior ocorrência (mesorregiões Centro Oriental e de Curitiba) e encorajada nas de ocorrência intermediária (mesorregiões Norte Pioneiro e Oeste).(AU)

A descriptive epidemiological survey of rabies in herbivorous reared in the state of Parana, Brazil, was carried out from 1977 to 2012. The positive cases and the total number of brain samples processed for diagnostic purposes were distributed according to species, year, month, geographical region and municipality. Chi-square test was used to verify if rabies was associated to these factors. Probabilistic model was applied to historical series in order to verify cyclic and seasonal patterns. In Parana, rabies is an endemic disease with variable yearly occurrence, without seasonal pattern and with a possible cyclic pattern every 18 years. Cattle (86.9%) and equides (11.3%) were mainly affected. Rabies was registered in 47.6% of all municipalities, indicating a great spread of this disease in Parana, mainly during the last decade. Middlewest and Curitiba regions, followed by Pioneer North and West regions, were the areas of most occurrence. The number of cases per municipality was weakly correlated with the number of shelters for Desmodus rotundus (r=0.469; p<0.0001). Therefore, we suggest that annual immunization of cattle and equides should be applied in the high occurrence areas (Middlewest and Curitiba regions) and encouraged in intermediate occurrence areas (Pioneer North and West regions).(AU)

Polydiacetylene/triblock copolymer nanoblend applied as a sensor for micellar casein: A thermodynamic approach.

Polydiacetylene (PDA) and triblock copolymer nanoblends were synthesized to detect micellar casein (MC), the main milk protein and an indicator of milk quality. UV-Vis spectrum showed that MC induced blue-to-red transition in nanoblends. When nanoblends and MC were separated by dialysis membrane colorimetric response (CR) was similar, whereas a remarkable CR reduction was noticed after addition of dialyzed-MC, suggesting that small molecules present in MC (salts) caused PDA color change. Interaction enthalpy variation between nanoblends and MC showed an abrupt increase that coincided with MC concentration when colorimetric transition occurred. Copolymer hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and presence of other molecules in the system affected nanoblends CR. MC salts were found to interact with nanoblends leading to color changes. MC concentration, MC salt release, copolymer hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, and presence of other molecules in the system affected responses of the sensors. These results contribute to future applications of PDA/copolymer nanosensors to dairy models.

Rupture of an unscarred uterus diagnosed in the puerperium: a rare occurrence.

We describe a rare case report of unscarred uterus rupture (UR) diagnosed in the puerperium after a vacuum extraction (VE) delivery of a healthy newborn. In this instance, no risk factors were found apart from the use of VE in the setting of prolonged deceleration. The suspicion of the diagnosis was made because of the patient's constant distressing abdominal pain with peritoneal signs as well as a drop in haemoglobin. In the exploratory laparotomy, a 2000 ml haemoperitoneum and a complete transverse tear of the uterine fundus 10 cm long was found in a structurally normal uterus. Peritoneal lavage was effected and the tear was repaired. A very high index of suspicion is needed and the longer the delay in making the diagnosis, and starting treatment, the greater the clinical risk. Since the risk of UR in subsequent pregnancies is very high, caesarean delivery is recommended in any future pregnancy, after fetal pulmonary maturity is confirmed.

Aqueous two-phase systems: a new approach for the determination of p-aminophenol.

A new method has been developed for the spectrophotometric determination of p-aminophenol (PAP) in water, paracetamol formulations and human urine samples with a recovery rate between 94.9 and 101%. This method exploits an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) liquid-liquid extraction technique with the reaction of PAP, sodium nitroprusside and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pH 12.0, which produces the [Fe(2)(CN)(10)](10-) anion complex that spontaneously concentrates in the top phase of the ATPS ([Formula in text]). The ATPS does not require an organic solvent, which is a safer and cleaner liquid-liquid extraction technique for the determination of PAP. The linear range of detection was from 5.00 to 500 µg kg(-1) (R ≥ 0.9990; n=8) with a coefficient of variation of 2.11% (n=5). The method exhibited a detection limit of 2.40 µg kg(-1) and a quantification limit of 8.00 µg kg(-1). The ATPS method showed a recovery that ranged between 96.4 and 103% for the determination of PAP in natural water and wastewater samples, which was in excellent agreement with the results of the standard 4-aminoantipyrine method that was performed on the same samples.

Application of the response surface methodology for optimization of whey protein partitioning in PEG/phosphate aqueous two-phase system.

In order to develop a new strategy for ß-lactoglobulin (ß-lg) removal from whey protein, partitioning of α-lactalbumin (α-la), ß-lg and glycomacropeptide (Gmp) was studied using aqueous two phase systems (ATPS). A system composed of 13% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG, average molar mass 2000 g/mol) and 13% (w/w) potassium phosphate was used at 25°C. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) associated to the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effects of NaCl concentration and pH on the partition of these proteins. It was found that α-la and Gmp partitioned to the top phase rich in PEG, whereas ß-lg partitioned to the bottom phase rich in salt. According to the RSM, optimal conditions for ß-lg removal where found where pH was equal to 6.7 and salt concentration was 0.35 mol/L. Under these conditions, the partition coefficient K(α) was 0.48 and K(Gmp) was 0.92. On the other hand, the partition coefficient K(ß) was only 0.01. In such conditions ß-lg preferentially concentrates in the bottom phase, while the top phase exclusively contains the proteins α-la and Gmp. Fractionation of the proteins from fresh whey was performed in a three stage cross-flow extraction system. The extraction yield for ß-lg in the bottom phase was 97.3%, while the yields for α-la and Gmp in the top phase were 81.1% and 97.8%, respectively.

Microcalorimetric and SAXS determination of PEO-SDS interactions: the effect of cosolutes formed by ions.

The effect of different ionic cosolutes (NaCl, Na(2)SO(4), Li(2)SO(4), NaSCN, Na(2)[Fe(CN)(5)NO], and Na(3)[Co(NO)(6)]) on the interaction between sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was examined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and isothermal titration calorimetric techniques. The critical aggregation concentration values (cac), the saturation concentration (C(2)), the integral enthalpy change for aggregate formation (ΔH(agg)(int)) and the standard free energy change of micelle adsorption on the macromolecule chain (ΔΔG(agg)) were derived from the calorimetric titration curves. In the presence of 1.00 mmol L(-1) cosolute, no changes in the parameters were observed when compared with those obtained for SDS-PEO interactions in pure water. For NaCl, Na(2)SO(4), Li(2)SO(4), and NaSCN at 10.0 and 100 mmol L(-1), the cosolute presence lowered cac, increased C(2), and the PEO-SDS aggregate became more stable. In the presence of Na(2)[Fe(CN)(5)NO], the calorimetric titration curves changed drastically, showing a possible reduction in the PEO-SDS degree of interaction, possibility disrupting the formed nanostructure; however, the SAXS data confirmed, independent of the small energy observed, the presence of aggregates adsorbed on the polymer chain.

A green and sensitive method to determine phenols in water and wastewater samples using an aqueous two-phase system.

A greener and more sensitive spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the determination of phenol and o-cresol that exploits an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) using a liquid-liquid extraction technique. An ATPS is formed mostly by water and does not require organic solvent. Other ATPS components used in this study were the polymer, polyethylene oxide, and some salts (i.e., Li(2)SO(4), Na(2)SO(4) or K(2)HPO(4)+KOH). The method is based on the reaction between phenol, sodium nitroprusside (NPS) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HL) in an alkaline medium (pH 12.0), producing the complex anion [Fe(2)(CN)(10)](10-) that spontaneously concentrates in the top phase of the system. The linear range was 1.50-500microgkg(-1) (R>or=0.9997; n=8) with coefficients of variation equal to 0.38% for phenol and 0.30% for o-cresol (n=5). The method yielded limits of detection (LODs) of 1.27 and 1.88microgkg(-1) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of 4.22 and 6.28microgkg(-1) for phenol and o-cresol, respectively. Recoveries between 95.7% and 107% were obtained for the determination of phenol in natural water and wastewater samples. In addition, excellent agreement was observed between this new ATPS method and the standard 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) method.

Aqueous two-phase systems: an efficient, environmentally safe and economically viable method for purification of natural dye carmine.

Partition of the natural dye carmine has been studied in aqueous two-phase systems prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of polymer or copolymer with aqueous salt solutions (Na(2)SO(4) and Li(2)SO(4)). The carmine dye partition coefficient was investigated as a function of system pH, polymer molar mass, hydrophobicity, system tie-line length and nature of the electrolyte. It has been observed that the carmine partition coefficient is highly dependent on the electrolyte nature and pH of the system, reaching values as high as 300, indicating the high potential of the two-phase extraction with ATPS in the purification of carmine dye. The partition relative order was Li(2)SO(4)"Na(2)SO(4). Carmine molecules were concentrated in the polymer-rich phase, indicating an enthalpic specific interaction between carmine and the pseudopolycation, which is formed by cation adsorption along the macromolecule chain. When the enthalpic carmine-pseudopolycation interaction decreases, entropic forces dominate the natural dye-transfer process, and the carmine partitioning coefficient decreases. The optimization of the extraction process was obtained by a central composite face-centered (CCF) design. The CCF design was used to evaluate the influence of Li(2)SO(4) and PEO 1500 concentration and of the pH on the partition coefficient of carmine. The conditions that maximize the partition of carmine into the top phase were determined to be high concentrations of PEO and Li(2)SO(4) and low pH values within the ranges studied.

Thermodynamic studies of partitioning behavior of lysozyme and conalbumin in aqueous two-phase systems.

The objective of this study was to determine the thermodynamic parameters (Delta(tr)G, Delta(tr)H and Delta(tr)S) associated with lysozyme and conalbumin partitioning in aqueous two-phases systems (ATPS). Influence of salt type and polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations on the partition coefficient of lysozyme and conalbumin from egg white was studied. The evaluated ATPS were composed of PEG 1500 and inorganic salts (sodium citrate and sodium sulfate) at a temperature of 25 degrees C and pH 7.0, with PEG 1500 g mol(-1) concentrations of 14%, 16% and 18% (mass basis). Partitioning of lysozyme in PEG-citrate ATPS was enthalpically driven, however the PEG-sulfate ATPS was entropically driven. The tested systems can be employed for the separation of these two proteins in egg white, due to the fact that lysozyme migrates toward the polymeric phase and conalbumin to the saline phase in both ATPS. A high recovery of conalbumin in the saline phase of the PEG-sulfate ATPS was determined to be enthalpically driven.

Atividades para o acompanhante durante a internação da criança em Unidade de Internação Pediátrica / Activities to the companion during child hospitalization in a Pediatric Unit

Este estudo utilizou o método quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório para identificar quais as atividades que o familiar sugere para serem realizadas, enquanto permanece acompanhando a criança hospitalizada, como forma de aliviar a tensão e ocupar o tempo durante o período de internação. Para isto, utilizou-se um formulário com perguntas abertas. As principais preferências dos entrevistados apontam para atividades relacionadas a trabalhos manuais, de relaxamento, palestras voltadas à educação em saúde e a possibilidade de praticarem atividade física. As autoras sugerem a implantação de programas voltados aos acompanhantes nas Unidades de internação pediátrica.

Prevalência da cisticercose bovina no estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil: avaliação de 26.465 bovinos inspecionados no SIF 1710 / Bovine cysticercosis prevalence in Parana state, southern of Brazil, in animals slaughtered under the SIF 1710

A cisticercose é a patologia mais encontrada na Inspeção post mortem em bovinos abatidos em estabelecimentos com Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF). No Brasil a média da prevalência desta parasitose é de 5%, porém, estes índices podem variar segundo a região anatômica avaliada, região geográfica ou período de realização de trabalho. Para conhecer a prevalência desta patologia em bovinos, no Estado do Paraná, foi realizada uma pesquisa durante seis meses, entre julho a dezembro de 2000, em animais procedentes de 137 municípios, que foram abatidos no Frigorífico Argus, Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. A prevalência de animais positivos encontrados com Cysticercus bovis variou de 0 a 27,27% com média de 3,83% entre os 26.465 bovinos inspecionados. Os municípios com maior número de animais abatidos tiveram prevalência aparente no lote entre 2,8 a 5%. De acordo com o sexo dos animais não foi verificada predileção ou especificidade parasitária sendo que nos machos foi encontrado o índice de 3,81% e nas fêmeas 3,93 %. Todos os cisticercos encontrados vivos passaram pelo processo de desinvaginação, coloração por carmim acético e identificação microscópica constatando que 100% eram C. bovis. As implicações epidemiológicas destes achados são discutidas no presente trabalho.

Cystercosis is the most frequently detected pathology in post mortem inspection in bovine slaughteredat establishments under the Federal Inspection Service (SIF). In Brazil, the average prevalence of thisparasitosis is 5%, but the rates can vary according to the anatomic area screened, the geographic region,or the period of time the work was carried out. In order to find out the prevalence of this pathologyamong bovine, in the State of Parana-Brazil, a six months research was carried out – from July to December,2000 – in animals originating from 137 towns and slaughtered in the Argus Cold Store, located in theMetropolitan Area of Curitiba. The prevalence of positive animals found with Cysticercus bovis variedfrom 0 to 27.27% with an average of 3.83% among the 26 465animals inspected. The towns with largernumbers of slaughtered animals had an apparent prevalence in allotment between 2.8% to 5%. Regardingsex, a 3.81% rate was found among males and 3.93% among females, but no parasitary specificity orpreference were detected. All cystercercus found alive were submitted to the desinvagination process,staining with acetic carmin, and microscopic identification evidencing that 100% were C. bovis. Theepidemiological implications of these findings are discussed in the present work.

[Anatomic regions of major occurrence of Cysticercus bovis in bovines under federal inspection at slaughterhouse in the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, State of Paraná from July to December, 2000]. / Regiões anatômicas de major ocorrência de Cysticercus bovis em bovinos submetidos à inspeção federal em matadouro-frigorífico no município de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, de Julho a Dezembro de 2000.

The purpose of this work was to determine the most common anatomic location of bovine cysticercosis, as well as its number per animal. To accomplish these objectives a number of 26,633 bovines from the slaughterhouse Argus Ltd., SIF 1710, located at São José dos Pinhais in the State of Paraná, Brazil, were examined from July to December 2000. The results demonstrated that the head's muscles were infected with a rate of 57.77%, and the cardiac muscles 39.65%, totalizing 97.42% of the infected sites. According to the classification concerning viability, the occurrence of metacestode was 66.97% nonviable (dead) and 33.02% viable (alive). From the Cysticercus alive, 81% of them were located in the head's muscles and 17% in the heart; whereas from those dead, 52.11% were located in the heart's muscles and 47.88% in the hea's one. Of the total of carcasses positives for Cysticercus bovis, 94% of them were infected by only one cyst and 6% by multiple cysts. All the viable cysts were submitted to the morphologic identification being verified that 100% of the parasites were C. bovis.