Morphological tongue and palate characterizations in Trachemys adiutrix (Vanzolini, 1995) turtles.

Morphological studies on the oropharyngeal cavity of turtles are an interesting tool in understanding evolutionary processes associated with feeding habits. There is paucity of morphological information on the oropharyngeal cavity of the Trachemys adiutrix turtle. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the tongue and palate morphology of T. adiutrix to establish a standard model for the species, providing information that may improve knowledge on the species feeding habits. Gross dissection, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy assessments of 11 specimens were carried out. The tongue of T. adiutrix is triangular with a slightly rounded apex and broad base and lingual papillae widely distributed throughout the entire dorsal surface. The palate is composed of bony structures, displaying a triangular apex with one pair of choanae and palatine raphe that begin in the middle region, dividing the two openings. The body was elongated and smooth. The root was wrinkled and opened into the oesophagus. The tongue was lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, rich in mucous cells and a large number of different-shaped papillae and taste buds. The palate was mainly lined by a pseudostratified cylindrical ciliated epithelium rich in mucous cells. In conclusion, the tongue and palate characteristics of T. adiutrix include evidence that these animals are semiaquatic, displaying morphological characteristics associated with aquatic and terrestrial trophic ecology, similar to that observed in other semiaquatic and terrestrial chelonian species.

Perfil Demográfico e Clínico de Casos de Neoplasias Hematológicas em Crianças e Adolescentes / Demographic and Clinical Profile of Cases of Hematological Neoplasms in Children and Adolescents / Perfil Demográfico y Clínico de Casos de Neoplasias Hematológicas en Niños y Adolescentes

Introdução: As neoplasias hematológicas são importantes causas de morte na infância e adolescência. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil demográfico e clínico de casos notificados de neoplasias hematológicas em crianças e adolescentes em um hospital de referência do município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Método: Estudo observacional retrospectivo com dados coletados de prontuários médicos de casos de neoplasias hematológicas em pacientes com idade até 19 anos registrados em um hospital público de referência para tratamento oncológico, no período de 2005 a 2015. Foram coletados dados de caracterização geral dos pacientes e dados do seguimento do tratamento. Os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher foram utilizados na análise estatística. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Os casos de óbito foram mais elevados nos pacientes diagnosticados com linfoma não Hodgkin. A maioria dos pacientes com leucemia linfoide era do sexo masculino com idade até 5 anos, e a frequência de óbito nos pacientes com leucemia linfoide foi mais baixa nos casos confirmados de leucemia linfoblástica de células precursoras tipo B em comparação a outras categorias. Conclusão: Os achados sugerem que a maioria dos pacientes com até 19 anos diagnosticados com leucemia linfoide era do sexo masculino e com idade até 5 anos

Introduction: Hematological cancersare important causes of death in childhood and adolescence. Objective: To design the demographic and clinical profile of cases of hematological cancer reported for children and adolescents in a referral hospital in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Method: A retrospective observational study with secondary data collected from medical records of bone marrow tumor cases in patients aged up to 19 years registered in a public referral hospital for cancer treatment from 2005 to 2015. Patient's profile was collected in addition to follow-up data. The chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used in the statistical analysis. The significance level was 5% (p<0.05). Results: Cases of death were higher in patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most patients with lymphoid leukemia were males aged up to 5 years, and the frequency of death in patients with lymphoid leukemia was lower in confirmed cases of type B lymphoblastic precursor cell leukemia when compared to the other categories. Conclusion: The findings suggest that most patients aged up to 19 years diagnosed with lymphoid leukemia were males and aged up to 5 years old

Introducción: Las neoplasias hematológicas son causas importantes de muerte en la niñez y la adolescencia. Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil demográfico y clínico de los casos notificados de neoplasias hematológicas en niños y adolescentes en un hospital de referencia de la ciudad de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Método: estudio observacional retrospectivo con datos secundarios recolectados de registros médicos de casos de tumores de médula ósea en pacientes de hasta 19 años registrados en un hospital público de referencia para tratamiento de cáncer de 2005 a 2015. Se recolectaron datos de caracterización. Datos generales de pacientes y seguimiento -up datos. En el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados:Los casos de muerte fueron mayores en pacientes con diagnóstico de linfoma no Hodgkin. La mayoría de los pacientes con leucemia linfoide eran varones de hasta 5 años, y la frecuencia de muerte en pacientes con leucemia linfoide fue menor en los casos confirmados de leucemia de células precursoras linfoblásticas tipo B en comparación con las otras categorías. Conclusión:Los hallazgos sugieren que la mayoría de los pacientes de hasta 19 años diagnosticados con leucemia linfoide eran hombres y tenían hasta 5 años

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis: a histological and radiographic study.

This study aimed to histologically and radiographically evaluate the effectiveness of low-intensity laser irradiation of different wavelengths (660 or 808 nm) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced by placing a ligature around the mandibular first molar of the rats. In total, 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 each): control (CG), periodontal disease (PD), scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP + 660 nm laser (GL660) and SRP + 808 nm laser (GL808). Groups with laser use received radiation at 6 points in the first molar. The animals were euthanized at baseline and at 7 and 14 days after the interventions. Mandibles were surgically removed for histomorphometric and radiographic assessment of periodontal tissues. The GL660 group showed lesser bone loss than the PD group (P < 0.05) and greater alveolar bone margin after 14 days, indicating a better long-term treatment response (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that SRP with the 660 nm laser as an adjunct results in more favorable radiographic and histological responses than the 808 nm laser.