Effect of sepsis on behavioral changes on the ketamine-induced animal model of schizophrenia.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sepsis on behavioral changes on the ketamine-induced animal model of schizophrenia. Male Wistar rats underwent Cecal Ligation and Perporation (CLP) with "basic support" or were sham-operated. After 30 days, the animals were submitted to a model of schizophrenia by injection of Ketamine. The behavior tests were performed after 30 min of the injection of Ketamine or saline. Ketamine in doses of 15 and 25mg/kg increased locomotor activity, latency to first contact in the social interaction and stereotyped behavior. Some changes caused by sepsis may be associated with a predisposition to develop schizophrenia in the animal model.

Evaluation of NCS-1, DARPP-32, and neurotrophins in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in rats submitted to sepsis.

Sepsis is defined as the host's reaction to infection and it is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response with important clinical implications. Central nervous system dysfunction secondary to sepsis is associated with local generation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, impaired cerebral microcirculation, disturbance of neurotransmitters, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment. It is known that during the process of learning and memory formation several pathways are involved such as dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS-1) and dopamine-cAMP regulated phosphoprotein of 32,000 kDa (DARPP-32) expression as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats 12, 24, and 48 h after sepsis induction. To this aim, we used sham-operated Wistar rats or submitted to the cecal ligation and perforation procedure. After 12 and 24 h, there was an increase of NGF levels in hippocampus; and up to 48 h, a decrease of NCS-1 expression in prefrontal cortex, a decrease of BDNF levels in hippocampus and an increase of NGF levels in hippocampus. In conclusion, we believe that the low expression of NCS-1 in prefrontal cortex and low levels of BDNF in hippocampus may be associated with the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment during sepsis and a putative role of the dopaminergic system.

Weekly fluconazole therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy, compared to placebo, of fluconazole 150 mg weekly, given for six months as prophylaxis against recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). STUDY DESIGN: A quantitative systematic review was performed, and randomized controlled trials were included. We conducted searches at Medline, EMBASE, Lilacs, Cochrane Library and ICI Web of Science from 1980 to March 2012. We used the odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (CI) of 95% using a random effects model of Mantel-Haenszel. The software used was Review Manager version 5.0. RESULTS: Through the search strategies we identified 249 articles, of which only two were part of the meta-analysis. Fluconazole was more effective than placebo in reducing symptomatic episodes of VVC, immediately after treatment (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03-0.34), 3 months after treatment (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.74) and 6 months after treatment (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24-0.64). CONCLUSION: Weekly treatment with fluconazole (150 mg) for six months is effective against RVVC.

Transtornos psiquiátricos e fatores de risco em uma população carcerária / Psychiatric disorders and risk factors in a prison population

Existem taxas elevadas de transtornos psiquiátricos nas prisões, e não está claro se a doença mental é um fator de risco para o encarceramento. Objetivo: este estudo pretende abordar a prevalência de comportamento violento, e sua associação com as categorias individuais de transtorno mental. Métodos: Estudo transversal de 557 prisioneiros consecutivos, durante um período de onze meses. Os sujeitos foram inquiridos uma série de perguntas a respeito dos eventos chaves da vida e submetidos ao MINI-Plus. Resultados: A prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos foi elevada entre os presos. As mulheres tiveram uma prevalência mais elevada na maioria dos transtornos. Já os homens tiveram uma maior prevalência de transtorno do pânico e maior risco de suicídio do que as mulheres. Conclusões: É fundamental que a sociedade e o governo trabalhem lado a lado a fim de reduzir barreira ao tratamento psiquiátrico e permitir acompanhamento psicossocial e da adesão ao tratamento em pessoas com transtornos mentais em prisões.

There are elevated rates of psychiatric disorders among prison inmates, and it is unclear whether mental illness is a risk factor for incarceration. Objective: this study aims to approach the prevalence of self-reported violent behavior, and its association with individual categories of mental disorder. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 557 consecutive prisoners, over an eleven month period. The subjects were inquired a series of questions regarding key life events and submitted to the MINI-Plus. Results: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is high among prisoners. Women have an overall higher prevalence in most disorders. Men have a higher prevalence of panic disorder and are at higher risk of suicide than women. Conclusions: It is essential that both society and government work side-by-side in order to reduce barriers and allow psychiatric treatment and follow-up of psychosocial treatment adherence in people with mental disorders in prisons.

Placenta previa acreta: relato de caso / Placenta praevia accreta: a case report

Os autores relatam um caso de Placenta Previa Acreta, em uma paciente multipara, 34 (trinta e quatro) anos, uma rara complicacao da gravidez. Fazem uma revisao da materia, descrevendo a etiologia, anatomia patologica, classificacao, sinais e sintomas, diagnostico e tratamento.