RESUMEN
The phosphate ester monomer 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) is capable of bonding to hydroxyapatite and, for this reason, is a key component of several self-etch adhesives. In this study, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate particles (DCPD; CaHPO4.2H2O) were functionalized with 10-MDP and used to formulate an experimental composite with 50 vol% inorganic content (3:1 DCPD:silanated barium glass ratio) dispersed in a BisGMA/TEGDMA matrix. The tested hypothesis was that DCPD functionalization would improve the composite's mechanical performance without compromising Ca2+ release. Composites containing nonfunctionalized DCPD or only reinforcing glass (in both cases, with or without 10-MDP mixed in the resin phase) were used as controls. Materials were tested for degree of conversion (DC; by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL; according to ISO 4049), biaxial flexural strength (BFS)/modulus (FM) after 24 h and 5 mo in water, and 28-d Ca2+ release in water (by plasma-coupled optical emission spectroscopy). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance/Tukey test (alpha: 5%). DCPD functionalization did not interfere with DC. The composite containing functionalized DCPD showed significantly lower WS and SL in comparison with the material formulated with nonfunctionalized particles. The presence of 10-MDP (as a functionalizing agent or dispersed in the resin phase) reduced the composite's initial BFS and FM. After 5 mo in water, the composite with functionalized DCPD and both glass-only composites were able to maintain their mechanical properties at levels statistically similar to what was observed after 24 h. Ca2+ release was significantly reduced in both formulations containing 10-MDP. In conclusion, DCPD functionalization with 10-MDP increased the composite's resistance to hydrolytic degradation, improving its mechanical stability after prolonged water storage. However, the impaired water transit at the particle-matrix interface led to a reduction in Ca2+ release.
Asunto(s)
Resinas Compuestas , Metacrilatos , Resinas Compuestas/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Metacrilatos/química , Fosfatos de Calcio/química , Agua , CalcioRESUMEN
Abstract We report the first known occurrence of Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. In 2018, adult specimens were sent by residents to the competent authorities and, in the inspection of the property, a large focus associated with a marsupial nest was found. This finding reinforces the importance of the species in the state of São Paulo, serves as an alert for epidemiological surveillance and extends the species colonization area in the state of São Paulo.
Resumo Relatamos a primeira ocorrência de Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Em 2018, espécimes adultos foram enviados por residentes e a pesquisa na propriedade constatou a presença de um grande foco associado a um ninho marsupial. Este achado reforça a importância da espécie no estado de São Paulo, serve de alerta para a vigilância epidemiológica e amplia a área de colonização da espécie no estado de São Paulo.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Panstrongylus , Triatominae , Reduviidae , BrasilRESUMEN
We report the first known occurrence of Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. In 2018, adult specimens were sent by residents to the competent authorities and, in the inspection of the property, a large focus associated with a marsupial nest was found. This finding reinforces the importance of the species in the state of São Paulo, serves as an alert for epidemiological surveillance and extends the species colonization area in the state of São Paulo
Relatamos a primeira ocorrência de Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Em 2018, espécimes adultos foram enviados por residentes e a pesquisa na propriedade constatou a presença de um grande foco associado a um ninho marsupial. Este achado reforça a importância da espécie no estado de São Paulo, serve de alerta para a vigilância epidemiológica e amplia a área de colonização da espécie no estado de São Paulo.
RESUMEN
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis, is intrinsically related to obesity. Our previous study reported on the anti-obese activity of α,β-amyrin (AMY), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Protium heptaphyllum. This study investigated its ability to prevent fatty liver and the underlying mechanism using the mouse model of NAFLD. NAFLD was induced in male Swiss mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. The controls were fed a normal chow diet (ND). The mice were simultaneously treated with AMY at 10 and 20 mg/kg or fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg. Lipid levels along with metabolic and inflammatory parameters were assessed in liver and serum. The liver sections were histologically examined using H&E staining. RT-qPCR and western blotting assays were performed to analyze signaling mechanisms. Mice fed HFD developed severe hepatic steatosis with elevated triglycerides and lipid droplets compared with ND controls. This was associated with a decrease in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, an increase of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, and enhanced sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression, which have roles in lipogenesis, inhibition of lipolysis, and inflammatory response. AMY treatment reversed these signaling activities and decreased the severity of hepatic steatosis and inflammatory response, evidenced by serum and liver parameters as well as histological findings. AMY-induced reduction in hepatic steatosis seemed to involve AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling pathways, which supported its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Conejos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/prevención & control , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Proteína 1 de Unión a los Elementos Reguladores de Esteroles , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 1 de la Rapamicina , Hígado , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
This study aims to describe the first Brazilian report of a nictitating membrane cyst's surgical treatment in a dog. A 6-month-old female French Bulldog presented at HOSVET-UNIME with a reddish mass-like structure in the medial canthus of both eyes, with a history of recurrent third eyelid gland prolapse previously treated with two surgeries performed at another clinic. Physical examination revealed a third eyelid gland prolapse in the right eye and a cyst in the left eye's third eyelid. The animal was submitted to surgical correction of the right eye's third eyelid prolapse using pocket technique and of the left eye's third eyelid using marsupialization technique for the cyst's treatment. 180 days after th1e surgical procedure no recurrence was observed. The marsupialization technique for the treatment of a third eyelid's lacrimal cyst in a dog allowed the maintenance of its gland and prevented the formation of a new cystic cavity.(AU)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever o primeiro relato no Brasil de tratamento cirúrgico de um cisto da membrana nictitante em um cão. Um Buldogue Francês, fêmea, seis meses, foi atendido no Hosvet-Unime, com queixa de aumento de volume avermelhado no canto medial de ambos os olhos, com histórico de recidiva de prolapso de glândula da terceira pálpebra, onde haviam sido realizadas duas cirurgias anteriormente em outro local. Ao exame físico, foi observado prolapso de glândula da terceira pálpebra no olho direito e a presença de um cisto na terceira pálpebra do olho esquerdo. O animal foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico de sepultamento de glândula da terceira pálpebra no olho direito e uma marsupialização na terceira pálpebra do olho esquerdo para o tratamento do cisto. Cento e oitenta dias após o procedimento cirúrgico, não foi observada recidiva. A técnica de marsupialização para tratamento de cisto lacrimal na terceira pálpebra em um cão possibilitou a manutenção da sua glândula e impediu a formação de nova cavidade cística.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Perros , Quistes/veterinaria , Aparato Lagrimal/cirugía , Membrana Nictitante/cirugía , Prolapso , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/veterinariaRESUMEN
The objectives of this study were to evaluate goat sperm sorting in continuous Percoll® density gradients and gamete freezability, in the presence or absence of phenolic antioxidants. For this, semen pools were sorted, frozen, and evaluated. The non-selected group (NSg) presented lower progressive motility (PM), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), and wobble (WOB) than the selected groups, and straight line velocity (VSL) compared to those with catechin or resveratrol. The amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) was higher in NSg, and quercetin reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). After thawing, the NSg presented lower PM than the selected groups, VSL and VAP (average path velocity) than the selected group with or without catechin, LIN and WOB than the selected with or without catechin or resveratrol, and STR than the selected with catechin. Moreover, NSg presented higher ALH and BCF than the samples selected with or without catechin. Plasma membrane integrity and intact and living cells were higher in the selected groups, and MMP was lower in the NSg and the selected group with quercetin. Thus, centrifugation in Percoll® continuous density gradients is a viable methodology to select goat sperm compatible with the freezing, especially in the presence of catechin or resveratrol.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar a separação de espermatozoides caprinos em gradientes de densidade contínuos de Percoll® e a congelabilidade espermática, com ou sem antioxidantes fenólicos. Para tal, pools seminais foram selecionados, congelados e avaliados. O grupo não selecionado (gNS) apresentou menor motilidade progressiva (MP), linearidade (LIN), retilinearidade (STR) e oscilação (WOB) do que os selecionados, bem como menor velocidade linear progressiva (VSL) do que os com catequina ou resveratrol. A amplitude de deslocamento lateral de cabeça (ALH) foi maior no gNS e a quercetina reduziu o potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PMM). Após a descongelação, o gNS manifestou menor MP do que os selecionados, menor VSL e VAP (velocidade média da trajetória) do que os com ou sem catequina, menor LIN e WOB do que os com ou sem catequina ou resveratrol, e menor STR do que os com catequina, além de maior ALH e BCF do que os com ou sem catequina. A integridade da membrana plasmática e as células intactas e vivas foram maiores nas amostras selecionadas e o PMM foi inferior no gNS e no selecionado com quercetina. Portanto, a centrifugação em gradientes contínuos de densidade de Percoll® é uma metodologia viável para selecionar espermatozoides caprinos compatíveis com a congelação, especialmente na presença de catequina ou resveratrol.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Semen , Espermatozoides , Estilbenos/administración & dosificación , Rumiantes/fisiología , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Compuestos Fenólicos/análisis , Estrés Oxidativo , AntioxidantesRESUMEN
A presente pesquisa comparou os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios, hemogasométricos e sedativos da associação midazolam (0,41mg/kg) e butorfanol (0,31mg/kg) acrescida de detomidina (157µg/kg) (DTMB) ou dexmedetomidina (36µg/kg) (DXMB) em catetos. Catetos adultos (n=20) foram distribuídos em dois grupos, DTMB ou DXMB. As variáveis (FC, f, PAM, SpO2, EtCO2 e TR) foram avaliadas após aplicação dos fármacos. A sedação foi avaliada por meio de escala analógica visual, relaxamento muscular, postura e resposta auditiva. Foi realizada ANOVA, seguida de teste t pareado (paramétricos) e teste de Mann-Whitney rank-sum test (não paramétricos), com P<0,05. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos para o período de latência. Observou-se diferença significativa entre grupos para as variáveis f, PAM e SpO2, com maiores valores para DTMB, e EtCO2, com maiores valores para DXMB. Os dois grupos apresentaram redução da FC e da concentração de lactato, bem como aumento da concentração de bicarbonato. A SpO2 permaneceu abaixo de 90%, durante todo o período experimental, nos dois grupos estudados. Os animais dos dois grupos apresentaram sedação profunda e relaxamento muscular máximo. Conclui-se que os dois protocolos testados proporcionaram adequada sedação, podendo ser indicados para contenção química de catetos adultos.(AU)
The study compared the cardiorespiratory, hemogasometric and sedative effects of the combination of midazolam (0.41mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.31mg/kg) plus detomidine (157µg/kg) (DTMB) or dexmedetomidine (36µg/kg) (DXMB) in collared peccaries. Collared peccaries (n= 20) were divided into two groups, either DTMB or DXMB. The variables (FC, f, PAM, SpO2, EtCO2 and TR) were evaluated after application of the drugs. Sedation was assessed by visual analogue scale, muscle relaxation, posture and auditory response. ANOVA followed by paired t-test (parametric) and Mann Whitney Rank Sum Test (non-parametric) with P< 0.05 were performed. No statistical difference was observed for the latency period. A significant increase was observed between groups for the variables f, PAM and SpO2 with higher values for DTMB and EtCO2 with higher values for DXMB. The two groups presented a reduction in HR and lactate concentration, and an increase in bicarbonate concentration. SpO2 remained below 90% throughout the experiment in both groups. The animals of the two groups presented deep sedation and maximum muscle relaxation. It is concluded that the two protocols tested provided adequate sedation and could be indicated for chemical containment of collared peccaries.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Artiodáctilos/fisiología , Midazolam/administración & dosificación , Butorfanol/administración & dosificación , Dexmedetomidina/administración & dosificación , Capacidad Cardiovascular , Anestésicos Combinados/análisis , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2RESUMEN
We report the first known occurrence of Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. In 2018, adult specimens were sent by residents to the competent authorities and, in the inspection of the property, a large focus associated with a marsupial nest was found. This finding reinforces the importance of the species in the state of São Paulo, serves as an alert for epidemiological surveillance and extends the species colonization area in the state of São Paulo
RESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação do diluidor de congelação de sêmen ovino com o flavonoide miricetina contra os danos ocasionados aos espermatozoides. Oito pools de sêmen, obtidos de quatro reprodutores ovinos, foram congelados com diferentes concentrações de miricetina (0, 1, 10, 100 e 1000nM). Após o descongelamento, o sêmen foi avaliado quanto à cinética espermática, à integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal, ao potencial de membrana mitocondrial, aos níveis de ROS intracelular, à peroxidação lipídica e à estabilidade de membrana. Amostras tratadas com miricetina 10nM apresentaram menor percentual de células rápidas (P≤0,05), quando comparadas ao grupo miricetina 1000nM. Amostras do grupo controle apresentaram maior (P≤0,05) VAP que o grupo 10nM de miricetina, enquanto amostras criopreservadas com miricetina (10, 100 e 1000nM) evidenciaram maior (P<0,05) BCF, quando comparadas ao grupo controle. O grupo tratado com miricetina 1000nM apresentou maior percentual (P<0,05) de células com peroxidação lipídica, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Em conclusão, a suplementação do diluidor de criopreservação de sêmen ovino com 10 e 100nM de miricetina afeta a cinética espermática sem provocar alterações na estrutura geral do gameta, enquanto 1000nM de miricetina provoca mudanças na cinética associadas à danos peroxidativos.(AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of ram semen frozen with extender with the flavonoid myricetin against damage to sperm. Eight pools of semen obtained from four ram breeders, were frozen with different concentrations of myicetin (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000nM). After thawing, the semen was evaluated for spermatic kinetics, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, and membrane stability. Samples treated with 10nM myricetin preserved a lower percentage of rapid cells (P≤0.05) when compared to the 1000nM myricetin group. Samples from the control group presented higher (P≤0.05) VAP than 10nM group of myricetin, while cryopreserved samples with myicetin (10, 100 and 1000nM) showed greater (P<0.05) BCF, when compared to control group. The group treated with 1000nM myricetin had a higher percentage (P<0.05) of cells with lipid peroxidation, when compared to the control group. In conclusion, supplementation of ram semen cryopreservation extender with 10 and 100nM myricetin affects sperm kinetics, without causing changes in the overall structure of the gamete, while 1000nM myricetin causes changes in the kinetics associated with peroxidative damage.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Preservación de Semen/métodos , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Ovinos/embriología , Flavanonas , Análisis de SemenRESUMEN
Abstract We report the first known occurrence of Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. In 2018, adult specimens were sent by residents to the competent authorities and, in the inspection of the property, a large focus associated with a marsupial nest was found. This finding reinforces the importance of the species in the state of São Paulo, serves as an alert for epidemiological surveillance and extends the species colonization area in the state of São Paulo.
Resumo Relatamos a primeira ocorrência de Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Em 2018, espécimes adultos foram enviados por residentes e a pesquisa na propriedade constatou a presença de um grande foco associado a um ninho marsupial. Este achado reforça a importância da espécie no estado de São Paulo, serve de alerta para a vigilância epidemiológica e amplia a área de colonização da espécie no estado de São Paulo.
RESUMEN
Foram avaliados os efeitos do plasma sanguíneo desidratado (PSD) sobre desempenho, perfil imunológico, histológico, microbiológico e peso de órgãos de leitões leves, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 24 leitões, com idade média inicial de 21 dias, em delineamento experimental completamente ao acaso. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - animais pesados ao desmame, sem suplementação com PSD; T2 - animais leves ao desmame, suplementados com 10g/animal/dia de PSD; T3 - animais leves ao desmame, suplementados com 20g/animal/dia de PSD; T4 - animais leves ao desmame, sem suplementação com PSD. A adição de 20g de PSD na dieta melhorou o ganho diário de peso, aumentou o peso (g/kg) do baço e o título de IgA no soro entre 21 e 31 dias de idade. A inclusão de 10g de PSD aumentou o comprimento e a largura do linfonodo ileocólico. A inclusão de PSD traz benefícios aos leitões nos primeiros 10 dias pós-desmame, atuando principalmente nos órgãos linfoides e na mucosa intestinal.
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of spray-dried plasma (SDP) on the growth performance, immunological, histological and microbiological profile and weight of organs of light weight weaned pigs. The trial was done using 24 pigs with an initial mean age of 21 days in a completely randomized experimental design. The treatments were: T1 - heavy weight weaned pigs, without SDP supplementation; T2 - light weight weaned pigs, supplemented with 10g/animal/day of SDP; T3 - light weight weaned pigs, supplemented with 20g/animal/day of SDP; T4 - light weight weaned pigs, without SDP supplementation. The inclusion of 20g of SDP in the diet improved the weight gain, spleen weight (g/kg) and serum IgA title between 21 and 31 days of age. The inclusion of 10g of SDP in the diet improved the length and width of the ileocolic lymph node. In the first 10 days after weaning, SDP improved the development of lymphoid organs and the protection of the intestinal mucosa.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Porcinos/inmunología , Porcinos/microbiología , Destete , Dieta/efectos adversos , Dieta/veterinaria , Plasma/inmunología , Plasma/microbiología , Plasma/químicaRESUMEN
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e o perfil ácido-láctico do queijo de coalho artesanal. Todas as amostras de queijo apresentaram coliformes totais, termotolerantes e presença de Escherichia coli, porém com os valores dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação vigente no país. O perfil ácido-láctico estudado mostrou uma microbiota heterogênea, constituída por lactobacilos, lactococos, estreptococos e enterococos, confirmadas as espécies Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactococcus lactis.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and lactic-acid profile of artisanal coalho cheese. All cheese samples analyzed showed total coliforms, were thermotolerant, and had Escherichia coli, but all the values were within the standards established by current legislation in the country, and could be considered a food fit for human consumption. The cheese showed a heterogeneous microbiota, being constituted of all tested genus, such as lactobacilli, lactococcus, streptococcus and enterococcus, and confirmed the species: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Queso/análisis , Características Organolépticas del Agua/efectos adversos , Técnicas MicrobiológicasRESUMEN
The prevalence of anti-lentiviruses antibodies of small ruminants was investigated in goat herds in the city of Teresina, PI, Brazil. A seroepidemiological survey was conducted involving 480 animals, apparently healthy, belonging to six rural properties. The diagnostic test was the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), using antigens produced from cellular cultures infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV Cork). Prevalences by gender and age were estimated considering sampling fractions for each farm. A general prevalence of 4.2 percent, was observerved, being 4.2 percent for females and 3.6 percent for males. Prevalences were higher among older goats. Regarding the breed standard, 23.5 percent were of the Anglo Nubian, 5.9 percent of the Boer, 35.3 percent Anglo Nubian x Boer crossbred, and 35.3 percent of undefined breed. It is concluded that small ruminant lentiviruses are endemic among goat herds of Teresina.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Virus de la Artritis-Encefalitis Caprina , Infecciones por Lentivirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Lentivirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Lentivirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Lentivirus/transmisión , Infecciones por Lentivirus/veterinaria , Lentivirus , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
This investigation was carried out in beef cattle (n=219), sheep (n=55), and pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) (n=49) from Nhecolândia, sub region of Brazilian Pantanal in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. It was aimed to assess the seropositivity of these species to bluetongue virus (BTV) by agar gel immunodiffusion test. Seropositivity rates were 42.0% for cattle and 10.9% for sheep. The pampas deer showed to be all seronegative. In cattle, seropositivity to BTV significantly increased with age (P<0.001). These data, the favorable environmental conditions to development of BTV vectors, and the bovine reproductive disorders reported by farmers may indicate that BTV infection occurrs in herds of Brazilian Pantanal, and probably induces to economical losses.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Aborto Veterinario , Ceratopogonidae/virología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Virus de la Lengua Azul/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil/epidemiología , Ciervos , Enfermedades Endémicas/prevención & control , Ovinos , Serología/métodosRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to compare heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during exercise using a temporal series obtained with the Polar S810i monitor and a signal from a LYNX® signal conditioner (BIO EMG 1000 model) with a channel configured for the acquisition of ECG signals. Fifteen healthy subjects aged 20.9 ± 1.4 years were analyzed. The subjects remained at rest for 20 min and performed exercise for another 20 min with the workload selected to achieve 60 percent of submaximal heart rate. RR series were obtained for each individual with a Polar S810i instrument and with an ECG analyzed with a biological signal conditioner. The HRV indices (rMSSD, pNN50, LFnu, HFnu, and LF/HF) were calculated after signal processing and analysis. The unpaired Student t-test and intraclass correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the values analyzed by means of the two devices for HRV at rest and during exercise. The intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated satisfactory correlation between the values obtained by the devices at rest (pNN50 = 0.994; rMSSD = 0.995; LFnu = 0.978; HFnu = 0.978; LF/HF = 0.982) and during exercise (pNN50 = 0.869; rMSSD = 0.929; LFnu = 0.973; HFnu = 0.973; LF/HF = 0.942). The calculation of HRV values by means of temporal series obtained from the Polar S810i instrument appears to be as reliable as those obtained by processing the ECG signal captured with a signal conditioner.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Electrocardiografía/instrumentación , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Monitoreo Fisiológico/instrumentación , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Descanso/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Few studies are available about racial inequalities in perinatal health in Brazil and little is known about whether the existing inequality is due to socioeconomic factors or to racial discrimination per se. Data regarding the Ribeirão Preto birth cohort, Brazil, whose mothers were interviewed from June 1, 1978 to May 31, 1979 were used to answer these questions. The perinatal factors were obtained from the birth questionnaire and the ethnic data were obtained from 2063 participants asked about self-reported skin color at early adulthood (23-25 years of age) in 2002/2004. Mothers of mulatto and black children had higher rates of low schooling (ú4 years, 27.2 and 38.0 percent) and lower family income (ú1 minimum wage, 28.6 and 30.4 percent). Mothers aged less than 20 years old predominated among mulattos (17.0 percent) and blacks (14.0 percent). Higher rates of low birth weight and smoking during pregnancy were observed among mulatto individuals (9.6 and 28.8 percent). Preterm birth rate was higher among mulattos (9.5 percent) and blacks (9.7 percent) than whites (5.5 percent). White individuals had higher rates of cesarean delivery (34.9 percent). Skin color remained as an independent risk factor for low birth weight (P < 0.001), preterm birth (P = 0.01), small for gestational age (P = 0.01), and lack of prenatal care (P = 0.02) after adjustment for family income and maternal schooling, suggesting that the racial inequalities regarding these indicators are explained by the socioeconomic disadvantage experienced by mulattos and blacks but are also influenced by other factors, possibly by racial discrimination and/or genetics.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Embarazo , Grupos Raciales , Resultado del Embarazo/epidemiología , Justicia Social , Peso al Nacer , Brasil/epidemiología , Brasil/etnología , Estudios de Cohortes , Edad Gestacional , Entrevistas como Asunto , Paridad , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
The association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and serum lipids has been little studied and the results have been controversial. A total of 2063 young adults born in 1978/79 were evaluated at 23-25 years of age in the fourth follow-up of a cohort study carried out in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, corresponding to 31.8 percent of the original sample. Total serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) and low-density cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) were analyzed according to SEP at birth and during young adulthood. SEP was classified into tertiles of family income and a cumulative score of socioeconomic disadvantage was created. TC was 11.85 mg/100 mL lower among men of lower SEP in childhood (P < 0.01) but no difference was found in women, whereas it was 8.46 lower among men (P < 0.01) and 8.21 lower among women of lower SEP in adulthood (P < 0.05). Individuals of lower SEP had lower LDL and HDL cholesterol, with small differences between sexes and between the two times in life. There was no association between SEP and triglyceride levels. After adjustment of income at one time point in relation to the other, some associations lost significance. The greater the socioeconomic disadvantage accumulated along life, the lower the levels of TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05). The socioeconomic gradient of TC and LDL cholesterol was inverse, representing a lower cardiovascular risk for individuals of lower SEP, while the socioeconomic gradient of HDL cholesterol indicated a lower cardiovascular risk for individuals of higher SEP.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Colesterol/sangre , Clase Social , Triglicéridos/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Métodos EpidemiológicosRESUMEN
Avaliou-se a eficiência do teste de tuberculina intradérmico comparado, para identificar rebanhos suínos infectados com o complexo Mycobacterium avium (MAC), seu poder de discriminação entre rebanhos infectados com MAC e Mycobacterium bovis, e para estudar diferentes critérios de leitura e interpretação. Foram realizados três experimentos com rebanhos infectados naturalmente com MAC, com suínos inoculados com MAC e com suínos inoculados com M. bovis. Os testes foram comparados com a presença ou não de lesões macro e/ou microscópicas nos linfonodos de suínos em idade de abate. Verificaram-se reações cruzadas entre os testes intradérmicos, tanto com animais infectados com o MAC como com M. bovis. Reações acima de 0,5cm de diâmetro ou acima de 0,20cm no aumento da espessura da dobra da pele, entre a aplicação e a leitura, foram consideradas positivas no cálculo da média para rebanhos. Rebanhos infectados com MAC podem ser identificados por meio do teste intradérmico com PPD aviário e bovino. Tanto a medida do diâmetro quanto o aumento da espessura da dobra da pele das reações foram eficientes no diagnóstico da infecção por MAC. Recomenda-se a utilização do método da medição do diâmetro.
The efficiency of the tuberculin delayed-type skin hypersensitivity test was evaluated in swine. A comparison of the tuberculin skin tests was performed with avian and bovine protein derivatives (PPD), in the detection of Mycobacterium avium-Complex or M. bovis infected swine. The methods were evaluated as to define criteria for readings and results interpretation, to determine their capacity in detecting Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infected swine and their performance in differentiating MAC from M. bovis-infected individuals. Three trials were performed with naturally MAC-infected swine, experimentally MAC-infected or experimentally M. bovis-infected animals. The skin test readings positive or negative were, respectively, correlated to the presence or absence of gross lesions and histological alterations in lymph nodes at slaughter age. Reaction with both antigens were observed in MAC and M. bovis-inoculated animals as well. Reactions wider then 0.5cm in diameter or showing skin thickness increasing more then 0.2cm in the time frame between inoculation and reading were considered to be positive, as compared to the average results of the group. Herds with MAC-infected swine could be detected with either avian or bovine PPD. Both diameter and skin thickness were efficient in detecting MAC-infected swine, however, reading the diameter of the reaction was shown to be more easily and economically performed.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Linfadenitis/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium avium/aislamiento & purificación , Mycobacterium bovis/aislamiento & purificación , Porcinos , Prueba de Tuberculina/métodosRESUMEN
Para que sejam realizadas atividades funcionais da vida diaria e primordial a manutencao do equilibrio estatico, possibilitando posturas, movimentos e respostas adequadas. Objetivos O presente trabalho teve como finalidade avaliar e comparar, atraves do teste de Romberg adaptado, as oscilacoes do equilibrio estatico de amputados protetizados de membros inferiores com individuos nao amputados. metodos Foram avaliados 33 individuoes do sexo masculino com idade media de 33,38 anos, divididos em tres diferentes grupos. O grupo A foi composto por 12 individuos amputados que utilizavam protese transfemural. O grupo B foi formado por 9 individuos amputados transtibias. O grupo C continua 12 individuos nao amputados. cada individuo foi filmado nos planos frontal e sagital, avaliado quadro a quadro para a selecao de momentos de maiores oscilacoes. As imagens selecionadas foram quantificadas atraves da Biofotogrametria computadorizada, utilizando-se o programa AL Cimage 2.1. Resultados Os resultados mostram diferencas significativas entre as oscilacoes anteriores para o grupo A (transfemural) e entre as oscilacoes para o lado esquerdo no grupo B. Conclusao A partir destes resultados, conclui-se que amputados de membros inferiores apresentam uma tendencia de oscilacao mais significativa em direcao anterior e para o lado contra-lateral a protese. com o avanco da idade, nota-se uma menor tendencia a oscilacao posterior