Intercâmbio internacional nos cursos de graduação de enfermagem / International exchange in nursing undergraduate courses

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre intercâmbios internacionais realizados por estudantes durante a graduação em Enfermagem. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Cochrane Library no período de 1995 a 2015. Resultados: foram analisados 19 artigos, a maioria de natureza qualitativa, publicados nos Estados Unidos da América, Austrália e Brasil. Destaca-se que o intercâmbio possibilita o desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal do estudante. O idioma e choque cultural emergiram como desafios e barreiras. Quanto às atividades desenvolvidas, foram identificadas consultas de enfermagem, estágios em hospitais, visitas técnicas, participação em grupo de pesquisas e eventos científicos. Conclusões: os intercâmbios no campo da Enfermagem ainda se encontram incipientes, entretanto, trata-se de um fenômeno em expansão por estar atrelado aos efeitos da globalização e que precisam de mais investimentos governamentais e privados.

Objective: to analyze the scientific production on international exchanges experienced by studentsduring undergraduate nursing. Method: it is an integrative review of the literature performed bysearching in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical LiteratureAnalysis and Retrieval System Online and Cochrane Library databases from 1995 to 2015. Results: itanalyzed 19 articles, most of qualitative studies, published in the United States of America, Australiaand Brazil. It is emphasized that the exchange allows the professional and personal development ofthe student. Language and cultural shock have emerged as challenges and barriers. Regarding theactivities developed, nursing appointments, hospital internships, technical visits, participation in a research group and scientific events were identified. Conclusions: nursing exchanges are stillincipient, but it is a phenomenon that is expanding because it is linked to the effects of globalizationand requires more government and private investments.

Accuracies of genomic prediction of feed efficiency traits using different prediction and validation methods in an experimental Nelore cattle population.

Animal feeding is the most important economic component of beef production systems. Selection for feed efficiency has not been effective mainly due to difficult and high costs to obtain the phenotypes. The application of genomic selection using SNP can decrease the cost of animal evaluation as well as the generation interval. The objective of this study was to compare methods for genomic evaluation of feed efficiency traits using different cross-validation layouts in an experimental beef cattle population genotyped for a high-density SNP panel (BovineHD BeadChip assay 700k, Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). After quality control, a total of 437,197 SNP genotypes were available for 761 Nelore animals from the Institute of Animal Science, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil. The studied traits were residual feed intake, feed conversion ratio, ADG, and DMI. Methods of analysis were traditional BLUP, single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP), genomic BLUP (GBLUP), and a Bayesian regression method (BayesCπ). Direct genomic values (DGV) from the last 2 methods were compared directly or in an index that combines DGV with parent average. Three cross-validation approaches were used to validate the models: 1) YOUNG, in which the partition into training and testing sets was based on year of birth and testing animals were born after 2010; 2) UNREL, in which the data set was split into 3 less related subsets and the validation was done in each subset a time; and 3) RANDOM, in which the data set was randomly divided into 4 subsets (considering the contemporary groups) and the validation was done in each subset at a time. On average, the RANDOM design provided the most accurate predictions. Average accuracies ranged from 0.10 to 0.58 using BLUP, from 0.09 to 0.48 using GBLUP, from 0.06 to 0.49 using BayesCπ, and from 0.22 to 0.49 using ssGBLUP. The most accurate and consistent predictions were obtained using ssGBLUP for all analyzed traits. The ssGBLUP seems to be more suitable to obtain genomic predictions for feed efficiency traits on an experimental population of genotyped animals.

Estimates of genetic parameters for stayability and their associations with traits of economic interest in Gir dairy cows.

The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for stayability at 60 months of age (STAY60) and its association with first lactation cumulative milk yield (P305), age at first calving (AFC), and first calving interval (FCI), in order to adopt these traits as selection criteria for longevity in Gir dairy cattle. Records for 2770 cows born between 1982 and 2008 from six herds in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Paraíba were analyzed. The (co)variance components were estimated by a Bayesian approach using bivariate animal models. The heritability estimates were 0.37 ± 0.09, 0.23 ± 0.04, 0.26 ± 0.06, and 0.07 ± 0.03 for STAY60, P305, AFC, and FCI, respectively. The genetic correlations of STAY60 with P305, AFC, and FCI were moderate to high, with values of 0.61 (0.17), -0.44 (0.23), and 0.88 (0.13), respectively. STAY60, P305, and AFC exhibited additive genetic variability, and these traits should be considered in selection indices. The indirect selection for longevity through the correlated responses of early-expression traits, such as milk production at first lactation, could be used to improve the ability of animals to remain in the herd.