Dynamic hyperinflation on exercise and its relationship with lung mechanics at rest in adults with central obesity.

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of dynamic hyperinflation (DH) during the Glittre-ADL test (TGlittre) coupled to the dynamic ventilation measurements in people with central obesity (pwCO) and to correlate it with lung mechanics at rest. Sixty-four pwCO underwent TGlittre and the following resting lung function tests: spirometry and impulse oscillometry system (IOS). On TGlittre, 22 participants presented DH at the end of the test (DH group), while 42 did not present DH (NDH group). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were higher in the DH group than in the NDH group. IOS abnormalities were more common in the DH group compared to the NDH group. TGlittre time significantly correlated with BMI, WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and neck circumference (NC). Delta inspiratory capacity correlated significantly with WC, HC, NC, and resonance frequency measured by IOS. Thus, pwCO perform worse on TGlittre, and DH is frequent in those with higher anthropometric indices and worse lung mechanics.

Hematological, biochemical and oxidative responses induced by thermal shock in juvenile Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and its hybrid Tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus).

The effects of thermal shock on hematological, biochemical and antioxidant responses were evaluated in liver tissue of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and tambatinga (♀ C. macropomum × â™‚ Piaractus brachypomus). Forty juveniles of tambaqui and 40 juveniles of tambatinga, of the same age and with an initial weight of 23.3 ± 6.7 g, were randomly distributed in eight 28L circular tanks. A tank (n = 10 fish) of tambaqui and a tank (n = 10 fish) of tambatinga were then used to obtain basal data. The other animals were subjected to thermal shock with sudden temperature reduction from 28 to 18 ºC. Blood and tissue were then collected after 1, 6 and 24 h from the onset of thermal shock. No mortality was observed during the experimental period. Thermal shock increased triglyceride levels after 24 h of stress for tambaqui and reduced values for tambatinga. There was an effect on plasma glucose only for fish group (P < 0.0001) and collection time (P < 0.0001) with a peak observed for the hybrid after 6 h. The interaction of factors for SOD indicated greater activity for tambatinga at the 6 h collection and lower at basal and 1 h collections. There was an interaction for CAT (P = 0.0020) with less activity for tambatinga at 1 h. However, thermal shock and hybridization did not influence GST and TBARS levels in liver tissue. Therefore, the results suggest that the hybrid, tambatinga, is more efficient at promoting adjustments of biochemical responses and antioxidant enzymes during thermal shock.

Characterization of the photoelastic dispersion coefficient using polarized digital holography.

The photoelastic dispersion coefficient represents the relationship between stress and the differences in refractive indices in a birefringent material. However, determining the coefficient using photoelasticity is challenging, as it is difficult to determine the refractive indices within photoelastic samples that are under tension. Here we present, for the first time, to our knowledge, the use of polarized digital holography to investigate the wavelength dependence of the dispersion coefficient in a photoelastic material. A digital method is proposed to analyze and correlate the differences in mean external stress with differences in mean phase. The results confirm the wavelength dependence of the dispersion coefficient, with an accuracy improvement of 25% compared to other photoelasticity methods.

Gait Training with Functional Electrical Stimulation Improves Mobility in People Post-Stroke.

(1) Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability. To identify the best treatment strategies for people with stroke (PwS), the aim of the current study was to compare the effects of training on a treadmill with functional electrical stimulation (TT-FES) with training on a treadmill (TT), and to analyze the effects of sequence of training on mobility and the parameters of walking ability. (2) Methods: Prospective, longitudinal, randomized and crossover study, in which 28 PwS were distributed into groups, namely the A-B Group (TT-FES followed by TT) and B-A Group (TT followed by TT-FES), using the foot drop stimulator, and were measured with functional tests. (3) Results: We found improved mobility, balance, non-paretic limb coordination, and endurance only in the group that started with TT-FES. However, sensorimotor function improved regardless of the order of training, and paretic limb coordination only improved in the B-A Group, but after TT-FES. These data indicate that the order of the protocols changed the results. (4) Conclusions: Although biomechanical evaluation methods were not used, which can be considered a limitation, our results showed that TT-FES was superior to isolated training on a treadmill with regard to balance, endurance capacity, and coordination of the non-paretic limb.

Associação da adesão das regiões do brasil à rede cegonha com a mortalidade materna e outros indicadores de saúde / Association of adhesion to the cegonha network in brazil with maternal mortality and other health indicators / Asociación de adhesión a la redcegonha en brasil con mortalidad materna y otros indicadores de salud

Introdução:As taxas de morbimortalidade materna, no Brasil, são evidenciadas pelo processo de trabalho intervencionista e por desigualdades socioculturais entre as regiões do país.Objetivo:Avaliar a adesão das regiões do Brasil à Rede Cegonha associada à mortalidade materna e aos indicadores de aleitamento materno exclusivo e cobertura da Atenção Básica.Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, do tipo transversal, onde foram analisados o comportamento da adesão à Rede cegonha, entre os anos de 2012 e 2017, associado a indicadores de saúde materna. Resultados:Percebeu-se que a adesão à Rede Cegonha coincidiu com o aumento da cobertura da atenção básica nas regiões do Brasil. Houve associação da adesão ao programa com a diminuição da mortalidade materna com o passar dos anos, com destaque para as regiões Sul e Sudeste do país. Ainda, a distribuição de coeficiente de aleitamento materno exclusivo revelou-se em crescimento em todas as regiões, com dados discrepantes na região sul. Conclusões:Observam-se os impactos da Rede Cegonha no Brasil dentro do recorte temporal estabelecido, expressos pela diminuição dos índices de mortalidade e melhoria dos indicadores de saúde, apesar das limitações institucionais e culturais encontradas (AU).

Introduction: Maternal morbidity and mortality rates in Brazil are evidenced by the interventionist work process and by sociocultural inequalities between the regions of the country. Objective:To evaluate the adhesion of regions of Brazil to rede cegonha associated with maternal mortality and indicators of exclusive breastfeeding and coverage of Primary Care. Methodology: This is an ecological, cross-sectional study, which analyzed the behavior of adhesion to the Stork Network between 2012 and 2017, associated with maternal health indicators. Results: It was noticed that the adhesion to Stork Network coincided with the increase in the coverage of Primary Care in the regions of Brazil. There was an association between adherence to the program and a decrease in maternal mortality over the years, especially in the South and Southeast regions of the country. Furthermore, the distribution of the coefficient of exclusive breastfeeding was growing in all regions, with discrepant data in the southern region. Conclusions: The impacts of Rede Cegonha in Brazil are observed within the established time frame, expressed by the decrease in mortality rates and improvement in health indicators, despite the institutional and cultural limitations found (AU).

Introducción: Las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad materna en Brasil se evidencian por el proceso de trabajo intervencionista y por las desigualdades socioculturales entre las regiones del país. Objetivo: Evaluar la adhesión de las regiones de Brasil a la Rede Cegonha asociada a la mortalidad materna e indicadores de lactancia materna exclusiva y cobertura de Atención Primaria.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio ecológico, transversal, que analizó el comportamiento de incorporación a la Red Cigüeña entre 2012 y 2017, asociado a indicadores de salud materna.Resultados: Se notó que la adhesión a Rede Cegonha coincidió con el aumento de la cobertura de atención primaria en las regiones de Brasil. Hubo una asociación entre la adherencia al programa y una disminución de la mortalidad materna a lo largo de los años, especialmente en las regiones Sur y Sudeste del país. Además, la distribución del coeficiente de lactancia materna exclusiva estaba creciendo en todas las regiones, con datos discrepantes en la región sur.Conclusiones: Los impactos de la Rede Cegonha en Brasil se observan dentro del marco temporal establecido, expresados por la disminución de las tasas de mortalidad y la mejora de los indicadores de salud, a pesar de las limitaciones institucionales y culturales encontradas (AU).

Influence of Emulsifying Salts on the Growth of Bacillus thuringiensis CFBP 3476 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 in Processed Cheese.

Processed cheese is a dairy product with multiple end-use applications, where emulsifying salts play a fundamental role in physicochemical changes during production. Moreover, some of these salts may be a strategy to control spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, contributing to safety and shelf life extension. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of two emulsifying salts (ESSP = short polyP and BSLP = long polyP) against Bacillus thuringiensis CFBP 3476 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, and to compare the in situ effects of two emulsifying salts treatments (T1 = 1.5% ESSP and T2 = 1.0% ESSP + 0.5% BSLP) in processed cheeses obtained by two different methods (laboratory- and pilot-scales), during 45-day storage at 6 °C. C. perfringens ATCC 13124 growth was not affected in vitro or in situ (p > 0.05), but both of the treatments reduced B. thuringiensis CFBP 4376 counts in the tested condition. Counts of the treatments with B. thuringiensis CFBP 3476 presented a higher and faster reduction in cheeses produced by the laboratory-scale method (1.6 log cfu/g) when compared to the pilot-scale method (1.8 log cfu/g) (p < 0.05). For the first time, the inhibitory effect of emulsifying salts in processed cheeses obtained by two different methods was confirmed, and changes promoted by laboratory-scale equipment influenced important interactions between the processed cheese matrix and emulsifying salts, resulting in B. thuringiensis CFBP 4376 growth reduction.

Diversity of Filamentous Fungi Associated with Dairy Processing Environments and Spoiled Products in Brazil.

Few studies have investigated the diversity of spoilage fungi from the dairy production chain in Brazil, despite their importance as spoilage microorganisms. In the present study, 109 filamentous fungi were isolated from various spoiled dairy products and dairy production environments. The isolates were identified through sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. In spoiled products, Penicillium and Cladosporium were the most frequent genera of filamentous fungi and were also present in the dairy environment, indicating that they may represent a primary source of contamination. For dairy production environments, the most frequent genera were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Nigrospora. Four species (Hypoxylon griseobrunneum, Rhinocladiella similis, Coniochaeta rosae, and Paecilomyces maximus) were identified for the first time in dairy products or in dairy production environment. Phytopathogenic genera were also detected, such as Montagnula, Clonostachys, and Riopa. One species isolated from the dairy production environment is classified as the pathogenic fungi, R. similis. Regarding the phylogeny, 14 different families were observed and most of the fungi belong to the Ascomycota phylum. The understanding of fungal biodiversity in dairy products and environment can support the development of conservation strategies to control food spoilage. This includes the suitable use of preservatives in dairy products, as well as the application of specific cleaning and sanitizing protocols designed for a specific group of target microorganisms.

Morbimortalidade por causas externas no brasil entre 2015 e 2019: um estudo ecológico / Morbimortality from external causes in brazil between 2015 and 2019: an ecological study / Morbimortalidad por causas externas en brasil entre 2015 y 2019: un estudio ecológico

Introdução: Agravos à saúde ocasionados por causas externas incluem, tanto agravos oriundos de determinantes acidentais, quanto intencionais. Sendo multifatorial, encontra-se como uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo, com destaque na população jovem,economicamente ativa e do sexo masculino. Objetivo:Realizar um levantamento em bases de dados secundários nacionais e compilar estratégias de avaliação e planejamento dos indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade por Unidade da Federação do Brasil por causas externas, segundo faixa etária, de 2015 a 2019. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, ecológico, retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em base de dados secundários. Resultados:Os dados revelaram consideráveis valores de taxas e morbimortalidade por causa externas gerais no Brasil. Dando destaque às agressões; acidentes de transporte e lesões autoprovocadas voluntariamente, em espacial entre a população jovem. Conclusões: Frente aos possíveis impactos do agravo em estudo, nos âmbitos da saúde e economia, entende-se que devem ser investigados aspectos específicos acerca das localidades e das diversas variáveis envolvidas que elucidem necessidades singulares importantes para o planejamento em âmbitos loco regionais já que cadaagravo pode ter comportamento diferente nos distintos territórios (AU).

Introduction: Health problems caused by external causes include both health problems arising from accidental and intentional determinants. Being multifactorial, it is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, especially in the young, economically active and male population. Objective:To carry out a survey in national secondary databases and compile assessment and planning strategies for morbidity and mortality indicators by Unit of the Federation of Brazil due to external causes, by age group, from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, ecological, retrospective study with an approach quantitative analysis, carried out on secondary data bases. Results: The data revealed considerable values of rates and morbidity and mortality due to general external causes in Brazil. Emphasizing aggressions; transport accidents and voluntarily self-inflicted injuries, in space among the young population. Conclusions:In view of the possible impacts of the disease under study, in the areas of health and economics, it is understood that specific aspects should be investigated about the localities and the various variables involved that elucidate unique needs that are important for planning in loco regional environments since each grievance may behave differently in different territories (AU).

Introducción: Los problemas de salud causados por causas externas incluyen tanto los problemas de salud derivados de determinantes accidentales como intencionales. Al ser multifactorial, es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo, especialmente en la población joven, económicamente activa y masculina. Objetivo: Realizar una encuesta en bases de datos secundarias nacionales y recopilar estrategias de evaluación y planificación de indicadores de morbilidad y mortalidad por Unidad de la Federación de Brasil por causas externas, por grupo de edad, de 2015 a 2019.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio transversal,ecológico, retrospectivo con un enfoque del análisis cuantitativo, realizado sobre bases de datos secundarias. Resultados: Los datos revelaron valores considerables de tasas y morbilidad y mortalidad por causas externas generales en Brasil. Haciendo hincapié en las agresiones; accidentes de transporte y lesiones autoinfligidas voluntariamente, en el espacio entre la población joven. Conclusiones: Ante los posibles impactos de la enfermedad en estudio, en las áreas de salud y economía, se entiende que se deben investigar aspectos específicos sobre las localidades y las diversas variables involucradas que dilucidan necesidades singulares que son importantes para la planificación in loco. contextos regionales, ya que cada agravio puede comportarse de manera diferente en diferentes territorios (AU).

Prevalence and prognostic value of autonomic neuropathy assessed by Sudoscan® in transthyretin wild-type cardiac amyloidosis.

AIMS: The prevalence of autonomic neuropathy (AN) is high in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis but remains unknown in transthyretin wild-type cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt-CA). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AN in patients with ATTRwt-CA using Sudoscan®, a non-invasive method used to provide evidence of AN in clinical practice and based on measurement of electrochemical skin conductance at the hands and feet (fESC). METHODS AND RESULTS: A series of 62 non-diabetic patients with ATTRwt-CA was prospectively included over 2 years and compared with healthy elderly subjects, matched by age, gender, and body mass index. The presence of AN was defined as electrochemical skin conductance at the hands <60 µS and/or fESC <70 µS, and conductances were analysed according to clinical, biological, and echocardiographic data. Mean fESC was significantly lower in patients with ATTRwt-CA compared with elderly controls: 68.3 (64.1-72.5) vs. 76.9 (75.6-78.1) µS (P < 0.0001), respectively. Prevalence of fESC <70 µS was higher in ATTRwt-CA patients than in controls: 48.4% vs. 19.9%, P < 0.05. Univariate analysis showed that fESC, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, creatinine plasma levels, and echocardiographic global longitudinal strain were associated with decompensated cardiac failure and death. Multivariate analysis revealed that fESC was an independent prognostic factor, and Kaplan-Meier estimator evidenced a greater occurrence of cardiac decompensation and death in patients with fESC <70 µS, P = 0.046. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced fESC was observed in almost 50% of patients with ATTRwt-CA and was associated with a worse prognosis. Sudoscan® could easily be used to screen ATTRwt-CA patients for the presence of AN and identify patients at higher risk for a poor outcome.

Influence of Different Treadmill Inclinations on V̇o2max and Ventilatory Thresholds During Maximal Ramp Protocols.

ABSTRACT: Silva, SC, Monteiro, WD, Cunha, FA, and Farinatti, P. Influence of different treadmill inclinations on V̇o2max and ventilatory thresholds during maximal ramp protocols. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 233-239, 2021-Ramp protocols for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) lack precise recommendations, including optimal treadmill inclination. This study investigated the impact of treadmill grades applied in ramp CPETs on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max), ventilatory thresholds (VT1/VT2), and V̇o2 vs. workload relationship. Twenty-one healthy men (age 33 ± 8 years; height 176.6 ± 5.8 cm; body mass 80.4 ± 8.7 kg; and V̇o2max 44.9 ± 5.7 ml·kg-1·min-1) and 12 women (age 29 ± 7 years; height 163.3 ± 6.7 cm; body mass 56.6 ± 6.3 kg; and V̇o2max 39.4 ± 4.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) underwent ramp CPETs with similar speed increments and different treadmill grades: CPET0%, CPET2%, CPET3.5%, and CPET5.5%. The V̇o2max was similar across protocols (42.8-43.2 ml·kg-1·min-1, p = 0.76), albeit duration of CPETs shortened when treadmill inclination increased (CPET0% 12.7 minutes; CPET2% 9.1 minutes; CPET3.5% 8.0 minutes; and CPET5.5% 6.6 minutes; p < 0.01). The %V̇o2max corresponding to VT1 was slightly lower in CPET0% (63.6%) and higher in CPET5.5% (75.8%) vs. CPET2% (67.8%) and CPET3.5% (69.5%; p < 0.05), whereas VT2 was not affected by treadmill inclination (95.1-95.8% V̇o2max; p > 0.05). V̇o2max and ventilatory thresholds were similar in CPETs performed with different treadmill inclinations and similar initial/final speeds. However, linear regressions between workload and V̇o2 were closer to the identity line in CPETs performed with smaller (CPET0% and CPET2%) than with greater (CPET3.5% and CPET5.5%) inclinations. These data suggest that in healthy young adults, ramp CPETs performed with inclinations of 0-2% degree should be preferred over protocols with greater inclinations.

Caprine demineralized bone matrix (DBMc) in the repair of non-critical bone defects in rabbit tibias. A new bone xenograft.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of demineralized bone matrix of caprine origin in experimental bone defects of the tibia in New Zealand rabbits. METHODS: Fragments of the tibia diaphysis were collected aseptically from clinically healthy goats. The bones were sectioned into 1 cm fragments and stored at -20°C for subsequent hydrochloric acid (HCL) demineralization. A 70 mg portion of DBMc was used to fill the experimental bone defects. Twenty-four female adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into 2 groups: the MG (matrix group, left tibia) and CG (control group, right tibia). Additionally, they were separated into 4 groups with 6 animals, according to the period of analysis (15, 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively). Using microCT, volumetric parameters were evaluated: bone volume, relationship between bone volume and total volume, bone surface area, relationship between bone surface area and total volume, number of trabeculae, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between groups considering bone volume (BV) and bone:total volume (BV/TV), on 15, 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Control group showed a statistically significant superiority (P < 0.05) considering the mean of the variables bone surface (BS), number of trabeculae (Tb.N) and between bone surface and total volume (BS/TV) at 15 and 90 days. CONCLUSIONS: Caprine demineralized bone matrix was safe and tolerable. No signs of material rejection were seen macroscopically. It is an alternative for the treatment of bone defects when autologous graft is not available or in insufficient quantities.

As espiritualidades em psicoterapeutas junguianos e transpessoais: um breve estudo fenomenológico / Spiritualities in jungian and transpersonal psychotherapists: a brief phenomenological study / Las espiritualidades en psicoterapeutas junguianos y transpersonales: un breve estudio fenomenológico

A espiritualidade enquanto fenômeno humano apresenta-se como aspecto significativo na compreensão e promoção de saúde, contudo seu estudo foi negligenciado pelas teorias psicológicas, com exceção dos estudos pioneiros de Jung e da abordagem transpessoal. Neste sentido, objetivamos apresentar a visão de espiritualidade de psicólogos da cidade do Recife (PE) que se orientam por estas linhas teóricas, indicando como esse fenômeno é vivenciado em suas práticas profissionais. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho fenomenológico e que teve como instrumento a entrevista semiestruturada com oito psicólogos. Os dados foram analisados segundo a abordagem fenomenológica de Bicudo e encontram-se em consonância com a literatura científica da área, que aponta não haver uma definição hegemônica sobre espiritualidade. Há visões de espiritualidades, às vezes singulares, outras vezes comuns. A espiritualidade aparece por vezes como sinônimo de amor incondicional, ora desponta como acesso ao que é transcendente, sem negar a imanência. Surge como energia interna e acesso ao Eu superior/Self. Na clínica ela é considerada como promotora de saúde e abordada a partir da demanda na perspectiva junguiana e vista como contextual na transpessoal. Levantamos reflexões sobre a importância da espiritualidade na compreensão do ser humano em sua complexidade.

Spirituality as a human phenomenon presents itself as a significant aspect in the understanding and promotion of health, yet its study was neglected by psychological theories, with the exception of Jung's pioneering studies and the transpersonal approach. In this sense, we aim to present the vision of spirituality among psychologists from the city of Recife (in Brazil) who are guided by these theoretical lines, indicating how this phenomenon is experienced in their professional practices. We performed a phenomenological qualitative research that had as instrument the semi-structured interview with eight psychologists. The data were analyzed according to Bicudo's phenomenological approach and are in agreement with the scientific literature in this field, which indicates that there is no hegemonic definition of spirituality. There are visions of spiritualities, sometimes singular, sometimes common. Spirituality sometimes appears as synonymous with unconditional love, sometimes as access to the transcendent, without denying immanence. It also arises as internal energy and access to the Higher Self or just the Self. In the clinic it is considered as health promoter and approached from the demand in the Jungian perspective and seen as contextual in the transpersonal. We raised reflections on the importance of spirituality to the understanding of human being in its complexity.

La espiritualidad como fenómeno humano se presenta como un aspecto significativo en la comprensión y promoción de la salud. No obstante, su estudio fue descuidado por las teorías psicológicas, con la excepción de los estudios pioneros de Jung y del enfoque transpersonal. En este sentido, objetivamos presentar la visión sobre la espiritualidad de los psicólogos de la ciudad de Recife (Brasil) orientados por estas líneas teóricas, indicando cómo ese fenómeno es vivenciado en sus prácticas profesionales. Realizamos una investigación cualitativa de cuño fenomenológico teniendo como instrumento entrevistas semiestructuradas con la participación de ocho psicólogos. Los datos fueron analizados según el enfoque fenomenológico de Bicudo y se encuentran en consonancia con la literatura científica del área, que apunta no haber una definición hegemónica sobre la espiritualidad. Hay visiones de espiritualidad, a veces singulares, otras veces comunes. La espiritualidad aparece en algún momento como sinónimo de amor incondicional y en otros como acceso a lo que es trascendente, sin negar la inmanencia. Se presenta como energía interna y acceso al Yo Superior/Self. En la clínica ella es considerada como promotora de salud y abordada a partir de la demanda en la perspectiva junguiana y vista como contextual en la transpersonal. Levantamos reflexiones sobre la importancia de la espiritualidad en la comprensión del ser humano en su complejidad.

Duration and quality of sleep in sprint and recovery performances among elite swimmers / Duração e qualidade de sono no desempenho do sprint e na recuperação de nadadores de elite / Duración y calidad del sueño en el desempeño en el sprint y recuperación d nadadores de élite

ABSTRACT Introduction: Circadian rhythms can impact athletes' sports performance, where the plateau occurs between 15 and 21 hours. Swimming is a peculiar case, as athletes perform training and final sessions in competitions at different times, as in the Rio2016 Olympic Games for example, where the semifinal and final competitions took place from ten o'clock at night. Objectives: (1) to present the protocol of an intervention performed with elite athletes of the Brazilian swimming team during the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio; (2) to find out whether the time at which the competitions were held affected the swimming performances of these athletes during the competition. Materials and Methods: Fourteen athletes of the Brazilian swimming team (males: n= 10; 71% and females: n= 4; 29%) participated in the study. They were followed up during two preparation periods (baseline and intervention) for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio during June and July 2016. During the competition, we recorded the Reaction Time (RT) and Competition Time (CT) of each athlete in different modalities. The intervention strategies used were light therapy and sleep hygiene. The values of RT at the starting block and CT were registered and conferred with the official results. Results: The athletes showed a decrease in the total time awake (Δ = −13%; Effect size [ES] = 1.0) and sleep latency (Δ = −33%; ES = 0.7), and an increase in total sleep time (Δ = 13%; ES = 1.1; p = 0.04) between the baseline and the period of the intervention, pre-competition. We identified an improvement in the RT (Δ = −2.2% to −1.0%; ES = 0.2 to 0.5) during the competition only for the athletes who participated in the competition finals. Conclusion: We conclude that the intervention carried out was effective in mitigating any negative influence of competition time on the RT and CT of elite athletes of the Brazilian swimming team. Level of evidence II; Prospective comparative study.

RESUMO Introdução: Os ritmos circadianos podem exercer impacto no desempenho esportivo dos atletas, onde o platô ocorre entre as 15 e 21 horas. A natação é um caso peculiar, uma vez que os nadadores realizam sessões de treinamento e provas finais em competições em diferentes horários, como por exemplo, nos Jogos Olímpicos Rio2016, onde as competições semifinais e finais da natação ocorreram a partir das 22 horas. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivos: (1) apresentar o protocolo de uma intervenção realizada com atletas de elite da equipe de natação brasileira durante os Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016; (2) identificar se o desempenho dos atletas de natação foi afetado devido aos horários das provas durante a competição. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 14 atletas da equipe de natação brasileira (masculino: n= 10; 71% e feminino: n= 4; 29%). Foi realizado acompanhamento dos atletas durante dois períodos de preparação (baseline e intervenção) para os Jogos Olímpicos Rio2016 nos meses de junho e julho de 2016. Durante a competição, foi realizado o registro do Tempo de Reação (TR) e Tempo de Prova (TP) de cada atleta nas diferentes modalidades. As estratégias de intervenção utilizadas foram: terapia de luz e higiene do sono. Os valores de TR no bloco de partida e TP foram registrados e conferidos com os resultados oficiais. Resultados: Os atletas apresentaram decréscimo no tempo total de vigília (Δ = −13%; Tamanho do Efeito (TE) = 1,0) e latência de sono (Δ = −33%; TE = 0,7), e aumento do tempo total de sono (Δ = 13%; TE = 1,1; p = 0,04) entre o baseline e o período de intervenção pré-competição. Nós identificamos melhorias no TR (Δ = −2,2% à −1,0%; TE = 0,2 a 0,5) ao longo da competição somente para os atletas que participaram da fase final da competição. Conclusão: Concluímos que a intervenção realizada foi efetiva para minimizar qualquer influência negativa do horário da competição sobre o TR e TP dos atletas de elite da natação brasileira. Nível de evidência II; Estudo prospectivo comparativo.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los ritmos circadianos pueden ejercer impacto en el desempeño deportivo de los atletas, donde la meseta ocurre entre las 15h y las 21 horas. La natación es un caso peculiar, ya que los nadadores realizan sesiones de entrenamiento y pruebas finales en competiciones en diferentes horarios, como por ejemplo, en los Juegos Olímpicos Rio 2016, en donde las competiciones semifinales y finales de natación ocurrieron a partir de las 22 horas. Objetivos: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos: (1) presentar el protocolo de una intervención realizada con atletas de élite del equipo de natación brasileño durante los Juegos Olímpicos Rio 2016; (2) identificar si el desempeño de los atletas de natación fue afectado debido a los horarios de las pruebas durante la competición. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 14 atletas del equipo de natación brasileño (masculino: n = 10; 71% y femenino: n= 4; 29%). Fue realizado acompañamiento de los atletas durante dos períodos de preparación (baseline e intervención) para los Juegos Olímpicos Rio 2016 en los meses de junio y julio de 2016. Durante la competición, se realizó el registro del Tiempo de Reacción (TR) y Tiempo de Prueba (TP) de cada atleta en las diferentes modalidades. Las estrategias de intervención utilizadas fueron: terapia de luz e higiene del sueño. Los valores de TR en el bloque de partida y TP fueron registrados y verificados con los resultados oficiales. Resultados: Los atletas presentaron disminución en el tiempo total de vigilia (Δ = −13%; Tamaño de efecto (TE) = 1,0), y latencia del sueño (Δ = −33%; TE = 0,7), y aumento del tiempo total de sueño (Δ = 13%; TE = 1,1; p = 0,04) entre baseline y el período de intervención precompetición. Identificamos mejoras en el TR (Δ = −2,2% a −1,0%; TE = 0,2 a 0,5) a lo largo de la competición sólo para los atletas que participaron en la fase final de la competición. Conclusión: Concluimos que la intervención realizada fue efectiva para minimizar cualquier influencia negativa del horario de la competición sobre el TR y TP de los atletas de élite de la natación brasileña. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo comparativo.

I Plano Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e o Bolsa Família em perspectiva intersetorial / First National Plan for Food and Nutrition Security and Bolsa Família under the intersectorial perspective

Resumo: Este artigo, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa de caráter documental, analisou os principais resultados do I Plano Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (I Plansan 2012-2015) tendo como foco as conexões intersetoriais estabelecidas entre o Plano e o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Adotou-se o conceito de intersetorialidade definido pelo Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (Consea).

Abstract: This article analyzed the main results of the 1. National Plan for Food and Nutrition Security (I Plansan 2012-2015) by means of qualitative documentary research focusing on the connections established between the Plan and the Bolsa Família Program (PBF). The concept of intersectoriality as defined by the National Council of Food and Nutritional Security (Consea) was adopted.

Caprine demineralized bone matrix (DBMc) in the repair of non-critical bone defects in rabbit tibias. A new bone xenograft

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of demineralized bone matrix of caprine origin in experimental bone defects of the tibia in New Zealand rabbits. Methods Fragments of the tibia diaphysis were collected aseptically from clinically healthy goats. The bones were sectioned into 1 cm fragments and stored at -20°C for subsequent hydrochloric acid (HCL) demineralization. A 70 mg portion of DBMc was used to fill the experimental bone defects. Twenty-four female adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into 2 groups: the MG (matrix group, left tibia) and CG (control group, right tibia). Additionally, they were separated into 4 groups with 6 animals, according to the period of analysis (15, 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively). Using microCT, volumetric parameters were evaluated: bone volume, relationship between bone volume and total volume, bone surface area, relationship between bone surface area and total volume, number of trabeculae, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation. Results There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between groups considering bone volume (BV) and bone:total volume (BV/TV), on 15, 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Control group showed a statistically significant superiority (P < 0.05) considering the mean of the variables bone surface (BS), number of trabeculae (Tb.N) and between bone surface and total volume (BS/TV) at 15 and 90 days. Conclusions Caprine demineralized bone matrix was safe and tolerable. No signs of material rejection were seen macroscopically. It is an alternative for the treatment of bone defects when autologous graft is not available or in insufficient quantities.

Gender differences in sleep patterns and sleep complaints of elite athletes.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the gender differences for sleep complaints, patterns and disorders of elite athletes during preparation for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. METHODS: The study included 146 athletes from the Brazilian Olympic Team (male: n=86; 59%; female: n=60; 41%). The assessment of the Olympic athletes' sleep took place in 2015, during the preparation period for the Rio Olympic Games. The athletes underwent a single polysomnography (PSG) evaluation. Sleep specialists evaluated the athletes and asked about their sleep complaints during a clinical consultation. In this evaluation week, the athletes did not take part in any training or competitions. RESULTS: The prevalence of sleep complaints was 53% of the athletes during the medical consultation, the most prevalent being insufficient sleep/waking up tired (32%), followed by snoring (21%) and insomnia (19.2%). In relation to the sleep pattern findings, the men had significantly higher sleep latency and wake after sleep onset than the women (p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively). The sleep efficiency and sleep stages revealed that men had a lower percentage of sleep efficiency and slow wave sleep than the women (p=0.001 and p=0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Most athletes reported some sleep complaints, with men reporting more sleep complaints than women in the clinical evaluation. The PSG showed that 36% of all athletes had a sleep disorder with a greater reduction in sleep quality in men than in women.

Effect of bright light therapy on delayed sleep/wake cycle and reaction time of athletes participating in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.

This study investigated the effect of using an artificial bright light on the entrainment of the sleep/wake cycle as well as the reaction times of athletes before the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. A total of 22 athletes from the Brazilian Olympic Swimming Team were evaluated, with the aim of preparing them to compete at a time when they would normally be about to go to bed for the night. During the 8-day acclimatization period, their sleep/wake cycles were assessed by actigraphy, with all the athletes being treated with artificial light therapy for between 30 and 45 min (starting at day 3). In addition, other recommendations to improve sleep hygiene were made to the athletes. In order to assess reaction times, the Psychomotor Vigilance Test was performed before (day 1) and after (day 8) the bright light therapy. As a result of the intervention, the athletes slept later on the third (p = 0.01), seventh (p = 0.01) and eighth (p = 0.01) days after starting bright light therapy. Regarding reaction times, when tested in the morning the athletes showed improved average (p = 0.01) and minimum reaction time (p = 0.03) when comparing day 8 to day 1. When tested in the evening, they showed improved average (p = 0.04), minimum (p = 0.03) and maximum reaction time (p = 0.02) when comparing day 8 to day 1. Light therapy treatment delayed the sleep/wake cycles and improved reaction times of members of the swimming team. The use of bright light therapy was shown to be effective in modulating the sleep/wake cycles of athletes who had to perform in competitions that took place late at night.

Imigração e redes de acolhimento: o caso dos haitianos no Brasil / Immigration and host networks: the case of Haitians in Brazil / Inmigración y redes de acogida: el caso de los haitianos en Brasil

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o papel das redes de acolhimento no processo migratório dos haitianos no Brasil, procurando entender a razão pela qual tais redes tiveram uma centralidade na gestão dessa imigração e na interlocução das questões por ela engendradas no país e, ao mesmo tempo, balizar o papel que elas tiveram para facilitar a mobilidade desses migrantes internamente, além de retroalimentar o fluxo migratório, iniciado de forma expressiva em 2010. Partindo de dados coletados na fronteira, em Manaus e em algumas cidades brasileiras, onde foram aplicados 279 questionários, que reúnem informações acerca dos migrantes haitianos presentes no Brasil, bem como da família ausente, seja no Haiti ou em outro país, foi possível levantar a hipótese de que, sem essas redes de acolhimento, a chegada e os percursos desses imigrantes pelo Brasil teriam sido muito mais dramáticos do que realmente foram, em razão da falta de políticas públicas de acolhimento e de inserção sociocultural.(AU)

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the role of host networks in the migration process of Haitians to Brazil, trying to understand the extent to which these networks played a central role in the management and communication of the issues engendered by this immigration in the country and, at the same time, if it was able of facilitating their mobility in Brazil, providing feedback to the migratory flow that began in 2010. Based on data collected from the Border, in Manaus and in some Brazilian cities, where 279 questionnaires were filled out, gathering information about the Haitian migrants present in Brazil, as well as their absent families, whether in Haiti or in another country, it was possible to build the hypothesis that without these host networks the arrival and mobility of these immigrants in Brazil would have been much more difficult than it really was, because of the lack of public policies for hosting and sociocultural insertion.

Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el papel de las redes de acogida en el proceso migratorio de los haitianos en Brasil e indagar en qué medida esas redes han tenido un papel central en la gestión de esta inmigración y en el diálogo en torno a los problemas engendrados por ella en el país y, al mismo tiempo, evaluar en rol que ellas han tenido para facilitar la movilidad de estos migrantes en Brasil, además de retroalimentar la migración que ha sido significativa desde 2010. A partir de los datos recogidos en la frontera, en Manaus y en algunas ciudades brasileñas, donde se aplicaron 279 cuestionarios que recopilan información sobre los migrantes haitianos presentes en Brasil —así como la familia ausente, ya sea en Haití o en otro país—, fue posible construir la hipótesis de que, sin las redes de acogida, la llegada y la movilidad de estos inmigrantes en Brasil hubiera sido mucho más problemática de lo que realmente ha sido, debido a la falta de políticas públicas de acogida y de integración sociocultural.

Fronteira amazônica: passagem obrigatória para haitianos? / Amazon border: obligatory passage for haitians?

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os significados da presença haitiana na fronteira Amazônica, buscando entender as reações a esta presença, seja da parte do governo brasileiro, seja da sociedade local, bem como explicitar a visão dos haitianos sobre o visto humanitário e suas expectativas sobre o Brasil. Nessa perspectiva, o conceito de “governamentalidade”, o qual implica numa articulação entre as fronteiras sociais (boundaries) e as fronteiras físicas (borders), poderá nos ajudar a entender as contradições no gerenciamento deste fluxo migratório, deixando entrever que práticas de acolhimento são, na verdade, um desdobramento de práticas de controle migratório.(AU).

This article aims to analyze the meanings of the Haitian presence in the Amazon border, seeking to understand there actions to this presence, both, from the Brazilian government and the local society view. Besides of this, it pretends to explain the vision of Haitians on humanitarian visa and their expectations about brazilian labor market. From this context, the concept of “governmentality”, which implies a link between social and physical boundaries, could help us understand the contradictions in the management of this migratory flow, showing that hosting practices are indeed an out spread of migration control policies.(AU).