HIIT is most effective than mict on glycemic control of older people with glucose metabolism impairments: A systematic review and metanalysis.

INTRODUCTION: Physical exercise can improve glucose metabolism; however, the best type, volume, intensity, and frequency aren't knowledge. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), an emergent exercise type implicated as a short time-efficient exercise to improve metabolic health, needs more investigation regarding the traditional Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT). OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of MICT and HIIT on glycemic control of older people with glucose metabolism impairments. METHODS: Our research question was based on the PICO model and the systematic review of the literature according to the guidelines of the preferred report items for systematic reviews and PRISMA meta-analyses. An extensive search was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scielo databases. Only English language papers were included. The keywords used were "HIIT and metabolism of the elderly", "HIIT and glucose metabolism of the elderly", and "MICT and metabolism of the elderly", which were crossed with the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" or both according to the guidelines of the PRISMA. RESULTS: Seventy papers were retrieved in the initial search. After applying all inclusions and exclusion parameters, 63 articles were excluded. In the end, six papers were classified as eligible for this study. All data categorically demonstrates that both HIIT and MICT can improve glucose metabolism with a larger effect size towards the HIIT model after the meta-analysis, pointing to HIIT as the most effective strategy. CONCLUSION: Both modalities can improve glucose metabolism in the elderly with a clear advantage for HIIT over MICT.

Multimodal HIIT is more efficient than moderate continuous training for management of body composition, lipid profile and glucose metabolism in the diabetic elderly / El entrenamiento multimodal es más eficiente que el entrenamiento continuo moderado para el manejo de la composición corporal, el perfil de lípidos y el metabolismo de la glucosa en adultos mayores diabéticos

The exercise could play a central role to the fat management and glucose metabolism what can be a critical role in the health status of diabetic people, but the high intense exercise remains with controversial data about their effects. To identify the effect of the multimodal high-intensity interval training on body composition, lipid profile, and glucose metabolism in elderly diabetics. Methods: Elderly diabetic individuals (n = 48) were randomly divided in a Sedentary Control (SC) group, a Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) group, and a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) group. MICT and HITT were conducted over 60 days, 3x per week, with 40 minutes of exercise. Blood was collected prior to intervention, at four, and at eight weeks subsequently to assess glucose metabolism and lipid profiles. Body composition was determined before and after the intervention period. To verify the normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was performed, followed by student "t" test or two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test with significance of 5 % the Cohen's f test to indicate the magnitude of the differences. HIIT significantly lowered cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and significantly lowered blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (p<0.05). MICT and HIIT significantly increased levels of high-density lipoprotein, decreased total body mass and body mass index. HIIT resulted in significantly smaller waist circumferences, waist-to-hip ratios, and weight-to-height ratios over 60 days of training. HIIT is more effective than MICT for improving lipid and glycaemic profiles, decreasing body fat, and improving fat distribution elderly diabetics.

El ejercicio podría desempeñar un papel central en el manejo de la grasa y el metabolismo de la glucosa, lo que puede ser un papel crítico en el estado de salud de las personas diabéticas, pero el ejercicio intenso intenso sigue teniendo datos controvertidos sobre sus efectos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el efecto del entrenamiento multimodal de intervalos de alta intensidad sobre la composición corporal, el perfil lipídico y el metabolismo de la glucosa en diabéticos de edad avanzada. Los individuos diabéticos de edad avanzada (n = 48) se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de control sedentario (SC), un grupo de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT) y un grupo de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT). MICT y HITT se realizaron durante 60 días, 3 veces por semana, con 40 minutos de ejercicio. Se recogió sangre antes de la intervención, a las cuatro y a las ocho semanas posteriormente para evaluar el metabolismo de la glucosa y los perfiles de lípidos. La composición corporal se determinó antes y después del período de intervención. Para verificar la normalidad se realizó la prueba estadística de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, seguida de la prueba "t" de Student o ANOVA de dos vías con la prueba post hoc de Bonferroni con una significancia del 5 % de la prueba f de Cohen, indicando las diferencias. HIIT redujo significativamente los niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos, además de reducir de manera importante los niveles de glucosa en la sangre y la hemoglobina glicosilada (p <0.05). MICT y HIIT aumentaron significativamente los niveles de lipoproteína de alta densidad, disminuyeron la masa corporal total y el índice de masa corporal. HIIT resultó en circunferencias de cintura significativamente más pequeñas, relaciones cintura-cadera y relaciones peso-altura durante 60 días de entrenamiento. HIIT es más efectivo que MICT para mejorar los perfiles de lípidos y glucémicos, disminuir la grasa corporal y mejorar la distribución de grasa en los diabéticos de edad avanzada.

Children with ADHD shown different alpha, beta and SMR EEG bands during habil motor tasks with high attention demand / Crianças com TDAH exibem diferente perfil no EEG durante tarefas motoras que demandam atenção / Niños con TDAH exhiben diferente perfil de EEG durante tareas motoras que demandan atención

INTRODUCTION: ADHD probably affects more than 50% of schoolchildren, yet although characteristics such as inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsiveness are clear, electrophysiological brain behavior during motor activity is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate alpha, beta, and SMR band patterns on the EEG in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during attention-demanding motor skills tasks. METHODS: Fourteen children with a mean age of 9.64±1.74 years divided into diagnosed and undiagnosed with ADHD underwent an EEG at rest and during task performance with attentional demand. Alpha, SMR and beta waves were observed on the EEG. Data were evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test in order to determine data normality. ONE WAY ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used to determine intragroup and intergroup differences, and the Pearson (r) and Spearman (p) correlations were used to determine correlations. All treatments had a significance of 5%. RESULTS: The ADHD and N-ADHD groups showed no difference in cortical alpha, beta and SMR bands at rest, but there were differences in cortical behavior during activity. The cortical activity correlation coefficient (0.30) differed from undiagnosed children (0.70). CONCLUSION: The ADHD group had a low correlation coefficient between rest and activity, contrary to the N-ADHD group. In the intergroup comparison, ADHD had higher alpha, beta and SMR band output power during the same high attentional task when compared with N-ADHD. Level of Evidence III.

INTRODUÇÃO: O TDAH afeta, provavelmente, mais de 50% crianças em idade escolar, porém, embora características como falta de atenção e/ou hiperatividade e impulsividade sejam claras, o comportamento eletrofisiológico do cérebro durante atividades motoras não é bem entendido. OBJETIVO: Investigar o padrão das bandas Alfa, Beta e SMR no EEG de crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH), durante tarefas motrizes com alta demanda de atenção. MÉTODOS: Catorze crianças com média de idade de 9,64 ± 1,74 anos, divididas nos grupos diagnosticadas e não diagnosticadas com TDAH, realizaram EEG em repouso e durante o desempenho de tarefa com demanda de atenção. As ondas Alfa, SMR e Beta foram observadas no EEG. Os dados foram avaliados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk para determinar a normalidade dos dados. Os teste ANOVA one-way e post hoc de Tukey foram usados para determinar as diferenças intragrupo e intergrupo, e a correlação de Pearson (r) e Spearman (p) foram usadas para determinar as correlações. Todos os tratamentos tiveram significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os grupos TDAH e N-TDAH não apresentaram diferença na banda cortical Alfa, Beta e SMR em repouso, porém, durante a atividade, constataram-se diferenças do comportamento cortical. O índice de correlação da atividade cortical (0,30) foi diferente nas crianças não diagnosticadas (0,70). CONCLUSÃO: O grupo TDAH apresentou baixo índice de correlação entre repouso e atividade, diferentemente do grupo N-TDAH. Na comparação intergrupos, o TDAH apresentou maior potência de saída da banda Alfa, Beta e SMR durante a mesma tarefa de alta atenção em comparação com o N-TDAH. Nível de Evidência III.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El TDAH afecta probablemente a más del 50% de los escolares, pero aunque las características como la falta de atención y/o la hiperactividad e impulsividad sean entendidas como comportamiento electrofisiológico del cerebro durante las actividades motoras, esto no es bien entendido. OBJETIVO: investigar el patrón de las franjas de Alfa, Beta y SMR en el EEG en niños con trastorno de déficit de atención y de Hiperactividad (TDAH), durante tareas motrices con altas demandas de atención. MÉTODOS: catorce niños con promedio de edad de 9,64 ± 1,74 años, divididos en diagnosticados y no diagnosticados con TDAH, realizaron EEG durante el reposo y desempeño de la tarea motriz con alta demanda de atención. Las ondas Alfa, SMR y Beta se observaron en el EEG. Los datos fueron evaluados por el test de Shapiro-Wilk para determinar la normalidad. ANOVA ONE WAY y el test de Tukey fueron utilizados para determinar las diferencias intragrupo e intergrupo, así como también la correlación de Pearson (r) y Spearman (p) fueron usadas para determinar las correlaciones. Todos los tratamientos tuvieron un nivel de significancia del 5%. RESULTADOS: El TDAH y el N-TDAH no presentaron diferencias en la Franja Cortical Alfa, Beta y SMR durante el reposo, no obstante, al estar en actividad, el comportamiento cortical presentó diferencias. El índice de correlación de la actividad cortical (0,30) fue diferente de niños no diagnosticados (0,70). CONCLUSIONES: El TDAH presentó un bajo índice de correlación entre reposo y actividad, a diferencia del N-TDAH. En la comparación intergrupos, el TDAH presentó mayor potencia de salida de la franja Alfa, Beta y SMR durante la misma tarea de alta atención, en comparación con el N-TDAH. Nivel de Evidencia III.

Modulatory Effect of Association of Brain Stimulation by Light and Binaural Beats in Specific Brain Waves.

INTRODUCTION: One of the positive effects of brain stimulation is interhemispheric modulation as shown in some scientific studies. This study examined if a type of noninvasive stimulation using binaural beats with led-lights and sound would show different modulatory effects upon Alfa and SMR brain waves of elderlies and children with some disease types. SUBJECTS: The sample included 75 individuals of both genders, being, randomly, divided in 6 groups. Groups were named elderly without dementia diagnosis (EWD), n=15, 76±8 years, elderly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (EDP), n=15, 72±7 years, elderly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (EDA), n=15, 81±6 years. The other groups were named children with Autism (CA), n=10, 11±4 years, children with Intellectual Impairment (CII), n=10, 12 ±5 years and children with normal cognitive development (CND), n=10, 11±4 years. INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURE: Instruments were the Mini Mental State Examination Test (MMSE), EEG-Neurocomputer instrument for brain waves registration, brain stimulator, Digit Span Test and a Protocol for working memory training. Data collection followed a pre and post-conjugated stimulation version. RESULTS: The results of the inferential statistics showed that the stimulation protocol had different effects on Alpha and SMR brain waves of the patients. Also, indicated gains in memory functions, for both, children and elderlies as related to gains in brain waves modulation. CONCLUSION: The results may receive and provide support to a range of studies examining brain modulation and synaptic plasticity. Also, it was emphasized in the results discussion that there was the possibility of the technique serving as an accessory instrument to alternative brain therapies.

PART 2. NEPHROLOGY SOCIAL WORK: LOOKING BACK, LOOKING FORWARD.

The field of nephrology social work has undergone considerable change since the release of the 1976 federal regulations requiring a master's level social worker to be part of the renal team. Moderated by veteran nephrology social worker Stephanie Johnstone, LCSW, those who have served patients in the front lines of kidney care speak here about the past-"What has nephrology social work contributed in the last three decades, and what it has struggled to accomplish?" - and about the future: "How can nephrology social workers best serve patients in the years ahead? Where is their greatest potential to advance the industry?" Ms. Johnstone, an NN&I Editorial Advisory Board member, has worked for Fresenius Kidney Care for over 33 years. She is currently the Field Support Liaison, Clinical Innovations Team and Lead Social Worker, So Cal Region for FKC, and is based in San Diego.

Brain stimulation used as biofeedback in neuronal activation of the temporal lobe area in autistic children.

This study focused upon the functional capacity of mirror neurons in autistic children. 30 individuals, 10 carriers of the autistic syndrome (GCA), 10 with intellectual impairments (GDI), and 10 non-autistics (GCN) had registered eletroencephalogram from the brain area theoretically related to mirror neurons. Data collection procedure occurred prior to brain stimulation and after the stimulation session. During the second session, participants had to alternately process figures evoking neutral, happy, and/or sorrowful feelings. Results proved that, for all groups, the stimulation process in fact produced additional activation in the neural area under study. The level of activation was related to the format of emotional stimuli and the likelihood of boosting such stimuli. Since the increase of activation occurred in a model similar to the one observed for the control group, we may suggest that the difficulty people with autism have at expressing emotions is not due to nonexistence of mirror neurons.

Brain stimulation used as biofeedback in neuronal activation of the temporal lobe area in autistic children / Estimulação cerebral usada como biofeedback na ativação neural do lobo temporal em crianças autistas

ABSTRACT This study focused upon the functional capacity of mirror neurons in autistic children. 30 individuals, 10 carriers of the autistic syndrome (GCA), 10 with intellectual impairments (GDI), and 10 non-autistics (GCN) had registered eletroencephalogram from the brain area theoretically related to mirror neurons. Data collection procedure occurred prior to brain stimulation and after the stimulation session. During the second session, participants had to alternately process figures evoking neutral, happy, and/or sorrowful feelings. Results proved that, for all groups, the stimulation process in fact produced additional activation in the neural area under study. The level of activation was related to the format of emotional stimuli and the likelihood of boosting such stimuli. Since the increase of activation occurred in a model similar to the one observed for the control group, we may suggest that the difficulty people with autism have at expressing emotions is not due to nonexistence of mirror neurons.

RESUMO O estudo verificou a capacidade funcional dos neurônios-espelho em crianças autistas. 30 indivíduos, sendo 10 portadores da síndrome autista (GCA), 10 com deficiência intelectual (GDI), e 10 não-autistas (GCN) tiveram registrado o eletroencefalograma da área do cérebro relacionada teoricamente com os neurônios espelho. O procedimento de coleta de dados ocorreu antes e após uma sessão de estimulação cerebral. Durante a segunda coleta de dados, os participantes tiveram de processar alternadamente figuras evocando sentimentos neutros, felizes e tristes. Os resultados provaram que, para todos os grupos, o processo de estimulação de fato produziu ativação adicional na área neural em estudo. O nível de ativação foi relacionada com o formato dos estímulos emocionais. Uma vez que o aumento da ativação ocorreu em um modelo semelhante ao observado para o grupo controle, pode-se sugerir que as pessoas com autismo têm dificuldade em expressar emoções não devido à inexistência de neurônios-espelho.

Níveis dos sintomas climatéricos em mulheres fisicamente ativas e insuficientemente ativas / Levels of climacteric symptoms in physically active and insufficiently active women

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o nível de sintomatologia em mulheres fisicamente ativas e insuficientemente ativas. A amostra foi composta por 60 mulheres entre 40 a 60 anos (média 49,4), sendo 30 fisicamente ativas e 30 insuficientemente ativas. Características sociodemográficas e clínicas foram avaliadas por instrumentos padrão, a sintomatologia climatérica pelo Índice Menopausal de Blatt-Kupperman (IMBK) e o nível de atividade física, pela versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). O programa SSPS, versão 18.0, foi utilizado em abrangências descritivas e inferenciais. O Test t student e o Test χ² revelaram diferenças não significativas em características sociodemográficas entre os grupos (p>0.05). Dados do IMBK e os referentes a todos os sintomas, com exceção da depressão e zumbidos, revelaram níveis significativos, sendo todos mais baixos para as mulheres ativas (p<0.05). Uma Análise de regressão linear relativa aos sintomas climatéricos mostrou que a prática regular de atividade física, pode reduzir o valor do IMBK até 12 pontos. A atividade física regular faz diminuir a intensidade dos sintomas climatéricos em mulheres de meia idade.

The study purpose was evaluate the level of climacteric symptoms in physically active and insufficiently actives women. Sample consisted of 60 women aged 40 to 60 years (mean 49.4), being 30 physically active and 30 sedentary, being all of them residents in Teresina - PI. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed by standard instruments, the climacteric symptoms by the Menopausal Index of Blatt-Kupperman (MIBK) and the level of physical activity, by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The SSPS program, version 18.0, was used in descriptive and inferential scopes. The Student t and the χ² tests revealed no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the groups (p>0.05). Data from the MIBK and from all of the symptoms itens, exception for depression and tinnitus, revealed significant differences between groups, being the lower levels related with the active women (p<0.05). A linear regression analysis on the climacteric symptoms showed that regular physical activity may decrease the value of BMI in 12 points. Regular physical activity can decreases the intensity of climateric symptoms in middle-aged women.

Stimulation by Light and Sound: Therapeutics Effects in Humans. Systematic Review.

Introduction : The objective of the study was to make a systematic review of published studies that used the brain stimulation by light and sound as means to optimize brain function and increase the different treatments. Methods : The methods followed the Prisma model for eligibility of studies. Results : Four studies on the systematic review were included 3 experimental studies and 1 case report. Two of these studies were focused in learning and sportive performance, and 2 focused on increasing physical and mental health. Conclusion : It was concluded that the investigation of brain stimulation technique can be applied to induce favorable mental states to enlarge treatments of several disorders that affect humans in a safe and noninvasive way. It is suggested that positive results can also be found through the association of brain stimulation by light and sound with therapies that combat depression and anxiety states.

Brain stimulation used as biofeedback training for recovery of motor functions deteriorated by stroke.

According to World Health Organization, approximately 15 million people are affected by cerebrovascular accident in the world. We study the effect of brain stimulation plus an imaging procedure used as biofeedback training for recovery of motor functions impaired by CVA. Four individuals aged between 33 and 72 years were included in the study, of both genders, with hemiparesis on the left arm due to the CVA. They had their brain activity monitored by EEG. Functional tasks were evaluated according to an observational model proposed by the international classification of functioning and by runtime. The training was composed of 12 sessions of 30 minutes of stimulation by light and sound, as well as imaging procedures. Results revealed that improvements in the performance of the task, with regard to both the runtime and the functional quality of movements, are more related to the increase of effectiveness of neuronal function.

Brain stimulation used as biofeedback training for recovery of motor functions deteriorated by stroke / A estimulação cerebral em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral está associada a melhoria no desempenho motor e a incremento de eficácia na função neuronal

According to World Health Organization, approximately 15 million people are affected by cerebrovascular accident in the world. We study the effect of brain stimulation plus an imaging procedure used as biofeedback training for recovery of motor functions impaired by CVA. Four individuals aged between 33 and 72 years were included in the study, of both genders, with hemiparesis on the left arm due to the CVA. They had their brain activity monitored by EEG. Functional tasks were evaluated according to an observational model proposed by the international classification of functioning and by runtime. The training was composed of 12 sessions of 30 minutes of stimulation by light and sound, as well as imaging procedures. Results revealed that improvements in the performance of the task, with regard to both the runtime and the functional quality of movements, are more related to the increase of effectiveness of neuronal function.

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, aproximadamente 15 milhões de pessoas no mundo sofrem acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Estudaram-se os efeitos da estimulação cerebral associada à imagética, como treinamento de biofeedback, para a recuperação das funções motoras deterioradas pelo AVC. Foram incluidos 4 indivíduos com idade entre 33 e 72 anos, de ambos os gêneros, e com hemiparesia no braço esquerdo devido ao AVC. Esses pacientes tiveram a atividade cerebral monitorada por EEG. A tarefa funcional foi avaliada de acordo com o modelo de observação proposto pela Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade e pelo tempo de execução. O treinamento consistiu de 12 sessões de 30 minutos de estimulação por luz e som associado à imagética. Os resultados revelaram melhoria no desempenho da tarefa, tanto em relação ao tempo de execução quanto à qualidade funcional do movimento, e que está mais relacionada com o incremento de eficácia da função neuronal.

Efeito da estimulalção cortical na variável tempo de reação e performance hábil-motriz-cognitiva em jovens atletas de futebol / Effect of the cortical stimulation in the variable reaction of time and skilled-motor-cognitive performance in young soccer athletes

O estudo verificou-se o efeito da estimulação cortical no tempo de reação e eficiência hábil-motriz-cognitiva em atletas de futebol, pré e pós-estimulação cortical A amostra de (N=20) atletas masculino de futebol da categoria infantil. Os participantes foram divididos em 2 grupos, controle e experimental, sendo o grupo experimental submetido à estimulação. Foram realizadas 10 sessões, de 20'. Os dados do teste foram tratados através de uma análise de variância paramétrica (ANOVA) two way. A média de acertos / pelo tempo de reação obteve ganho significativo para o grupo experimental quando comparada ao controlo no momento pós-teste (P<0.05). No grupo experimental obteve ganho significativo na melhora do tempo de reação quando comparado ao grupo controle (p<0.05). No intra-grupos, o grupo que recebeu o treinamento combinado, obteve melhoras significativas comparados o pré e pós-teste (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o treinamento combinado pode-se aprimorar a aprendizagem motora em diversas áreas de conhecimento e esporte.

The study was verified the effect of the cortical stimulation in the time of reaction and skilled motor cognitive efficiency in soccer athletes, before and cortical after stimulation the sample of (N=20) athletes masculine of soccer of the infantile category. The participants were divided in 2 groups, control and experimental, being the experimental group submitted to the stimulation. 10 sessions, of 20'. The data originating from of the test were treated through a parametric variance analysis (ANOVA) two way. The average of successes / for the time of reaction obtained significant earnings for the experimental group when compared to the control in the moment after-tests (P <0.05). In the experimental group obtained significant earnings in the improvement of the time of reaction when compared to the group controls (p <0.05). In the in groups, the group that it received the combined training, obtained significant improvements compared the before and after-test (p <0,05). It was ended that the combined training the motor learning can be perfected in several knowledge areas and sport.

Estudo comparativo de variáveis bioperacionais entre atletas de desportos de diferentes demandas / Study comparative of variables bioperational among athletes of sports of different demands

Este estudo teve por função mensurar e comparar os escores de atletas de desportos de diferentes demandas, em variáveis bioperacionais. Para tanto, selecionou-se trinta (N=30) atletas do gênero masculino, com idade entre 13 e 16 anos, sendo 15 atletas de basquetebol e 15 velocistas do atletismo. As variáveis coordenação geral, percepção cinestésica e tempo de reação motriz foram mensuradas por meio de testes aplicados na seguinte ordem, teste de Burpee, teste de Salto Percepção Cinestésica e teste de Tempo de Reação Motriz. Os dados obtidos foram tratados e analisados no programa SSPS 10. Na versão descritiva utilizou-se os escores mínimos e máximos, as médias e desvios-padrão, na estatística inferencial, o teste “t” student. O teste da hipótese do estudo teve como referência o valor de alfa p≤0,05. Os resultados apontaram o tempo de reação dos atletas de basquetebol como variável que obteve significância estatística na comparação entre grupos.

This study had the task of comparing and measuring the scores of sports athletes of different demands raised here, the basketball and athletics, in varying bioperacionais. Thirty (N = 30) athletes of the masculine gender were selected, with age between 13 and 16 years, 15 basketball athletes and 15 athletes velocitys. The variables overall coordination, cinestesic perception and reaction time, were measured by means of tests that were applied in the following order, Burpee test; Jump Cinestesic Perception and test the reaction time. Data from the testing procedures were processed and analyzed in the program SSPS 10. In the version used to the descriptive means and standard deviations for the two times of testing. In statistical inference used to test the “t” student. The test of the hypothesis of the study was to reference the value of alpha p≤0.05. The basketball athletes were pointed to have a better score in this variable. The results pointed to the reaction time of driving as the variable that has obtained statistical significance between the groups.

Integrando a Educação Física ao Projeto Político Pedagógico: perspectiva para uma educação inclusiva / Integrating the Physical Education to the Political Pedagogical Project: perspective for inclusive education

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a importância da Educação Física integrada ao Projeto Político Pedagógico [PPP] escolar visando à inclusão de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais na prática da cultura corporal. Abordamos os preceitos legais e a vivência escolar; o projeto pedagógico como articulador de ações inclusivas na escola; a Educação Física integrada ao projeto pedagógico na perspectiva da inclusão. A falta de um PPP integrado pode refletir-se na fragmentação das práticas pedagógicas, traduzindo-se em exclusão escolar e em experiências educativas pouco significativas para a formação dos alunos. Não gozar da prerrogativa de integração ao PPP é negar aos alunos o acesso a uma educação física escolar crítica e libertadora que possibilite o seu desenvolvimento como ser humano e cidadão.

The objective with this article is to discuss the importance of Physical Education integrated into the school's political pedagogical project (PPP), concerning the inclusion of students with education handicap in the practice of body culture. We approached the legal principles and the school daily experience; the pedagogical project as a linkage for inclusive actions at school; Physical Education integrated into the pedagogical project from the inclusion standpoint. The lack of an integrated PPP may be reflected in fragmentation of teaching practices, resulting in exclusion from school and educational experiences with less significance for students’ preparation. Not to enjoy the prerogative of integration to the school's PPP is to deny students’ access to a more critical and liberating school physical education that enhances their development process as human beings and citizens.

Aprendizagem hábil-motora baseada em estratégias de observação e uso da estimulação cortical via sintetização fótica e auditiva / Skilled-motor learning based on observation strategies and the use of cortical stimulation via visual and aural synthesis

O objetivo deste estudo foi a verificação da possibilidade teórica de que a aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora decorra da observação do aprendiz sobre outros praticantes e seja intensificada em função de um protocolo de sintetização de ondas corticais via estimulação cortical. A amostra foi constituída por 15 crianças, de ambos os gêneros, com faixa etária entre 4-5 anos, que foram submetidas a treinamento motor conforme teoria dos neurônios-espelho. Foi realizado eletroencefalograma, em dois momentos da pesquisa (pré e pós-testes) e observada a performance motora dos grupos. Observou-se que, na Fase de Aquisição e Transferência, os grupos obtiveram melhora na performance motora pela diminuição na média de erros absolutos e equilíbrio nas ondas corticais, embora não tenha sido significativa. O estudo da hipótese investigada na abordagem dos neurônios-espelho associada à estimulação cortical demonstrou melhora no desempenho, na agilidade e na capacidade hábil-motriz.(AU)

To verify the theoretical possibility that learning a motor skill may come from the observation of other practitioners and be intensified due to the protocol of synthesis of cortical waves via cortical stimulation was the objective of this study. Fifteen children, both male and female, aged 4-to-5 years old, divided randomly into three groups which were submitted to a motor training according to the mirror-neuron theory. Electroencephalogram was carried out pre and post-training in order to verify the possible alterations in the cortical standard, and the motor performance of the groups was observed. It was observed that in the Acquisition and Transference Phase, the group obtained improvement in the motor performance due to the decrease of absolute mistakes average and balance in the cortical waves. The values obtained were not significant. The hypothesis of mirror-neuron approach associated with cortical stimulation demonstrated increased global performance of the group, improving the development, the agility and the skilled-motor capacity.(AU)

Aprendizagem hábil-motora baseada em estratégias de observação e uso da estimulação cortical via sintetização fótica e auditiva / Skilled-motor learning based on observation strategies and the use of cortical stimulation via visual and aural synthesis

O objetivo deste estudo foi a verificação da possibilidade teórica de que a aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora decorra da observação do aprendiz sobre outros praticantes e seja intensificada em função de um protocolo de sintetização de ondas corticais via estimulação cortical. A amostra foi constituída por 15 crianças, de ambos os gêneros, com faixa etária entre 4-5 anos, que foram submetidas a treinamento motor conforme teoria dos neurônios-espelho. Foi realizado eletroencefalograma, em dois momentos da pesquisa (pré e pós-testes) e observada a performance motora dos grupos. Observou-se que, na Fase de Aquisição e Transferência, os grupos obtiveram melhora na performance motora pela diminuição na média de erros absolutos e equilíbrio nas ondas corticais, embora não tenha sido significativa. O estudo da hipótese investigada na abordagem dos neurônios-espelho associada à estimulação cortical demonstrou melhora no desempenho, na agilidade e na capacidade hábil-motriz.

To verify the theoretical possibility that learning a motor skill may come from the observation of other practitioners and be intensified due to the protocol of synthesis of cortical waves via cortical stimulation was the objective of this study. Fifteen children, both male and female, aged 4-to-5 years old, divided randomly into three groups which were submitted to a motor training according to the mirror-neuron theory. Electroencephalogram was carried out pre and post-training in order to verify the possible alterations in the cortical standard, and the motor performance of the groups was observed. It was observed that in the Acquisition and Transference Phase, the group obtained improvement in the motor performance due to the decrease of absolute mistakes average and balance in the cortical waves. The values obtained were not significant. The hypothesis of mirror-neuron approach associated with cortical stimulation demonstrated increased global performance of the group, improving the development, the agility and the skilled-motor capacity.

Estimulação cerebral por sintetização fótica e auditiva associada à imagética e massoterapia: minimização de dor em mulheres portadoras de fibromialgia / Cerebral stimulation by photo and auditif syntetization associated to imagery and muscle therapy: reducing pain in women with fibromyalgia

Evidências mostram ser a estimulação cerebral, via sintetização cortical, associada à imagética, um procedimento eficaz no tratamento da fibromialgia. O objetivo foi combinar as duas técnicas acima, à massoterapia, visando-se a implementação do referido tratamento. Quinze portadoras de fibromialgia, 40 a 55 anos, em três grupos. Um com estimulação cerebral, imagética e massoterapia (EC+M), outro imagética e massoterapia (MT) e o terceiro (GC) recebendo um tratamento tradicional. Instrumentos The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), The General Health Questionnaire (SF-36) e The Analogic Numerical Pain Scale (ANPS) para mensuração de dor inicial e pós-intervenção. Resultados associados à ANPS revelaram efeitos significativos em minimização de dor nos dois grupos (ambos p<0.05). Entre eles, minimização maior para o grupo EC+M (p<0.05). Também significativos em relação ao FIQ e ao SF-36, mas somente para o grupo EC+M (em ambos p< 0.05). O quadro de dor do GC manteve-se inalterado. Os efeitos da intervenção estenderam-se aos itens de qualidade de vida do FIQ.

Evidence shows brain stimulation via cortical synthesis, combined with imagery, as being an effective procedure for fibromyalgia treatment. The objective was to combine the above techniques, with the muscle massage therapy, aiming to implement such treatment. Fifteen women with fibromyalgia, 40 to 55 years, divided into three groups. Brain stimulation, imagery and muscle massage therapy (EC + M), imagery and muscle massage therapy (MT), and the third was the control group (GC), which received a traditional treatment. Instruments were The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), The General Health Questionnaire (SF-36) and The Analogical Numerical Pain Scale (ANPS), measuring initial and post-intervention pain levels. Results associated with ANPS revealed significant effects on minimizing pain in both groups (both p <0.05). Among them was higher for the EC+M group (p <0.05). Effects were also significant in relation to FIQ and SF-36, but only for the EC+M group (both p <0.05). Pain level was unchanged for the CG. Intervention effects extended to quality of life items (FIQ).

Efeito da imagética motora sobre a onda alfa em imagéticos visuais e cinestésicos / Effects of motor imagery on alpha wave in visual and kinesthetic

A imagética motora (IM) é a representação do resultado consciente para a intenção e preparação do movimento. A IM é classificada em imagética motora visual e imagética motora cinestésica. Poucos estudos relacionam as características visuais e cinestésicas àsrespostas da onda cortical alfa, durante o treinamento de imagéticamotora. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar as respostas da onda alfa durante a imagética motora em sujeitos imagéticos visuais(IMV) e cinestésicos (IMC). A resposta da onda alfa durante a IMrealizada apresentou menor variabilidade para os sujeitos imagéticosvisuais. Foi observado que as respostas da onda alfa, tanto paraIMV e IMC, são diretamente dependentes do tipo de treinamento mental efetuado e não pela classificação dos sujeitos em imagéticos visuais ou cinestésicos.

The motor imagery (IM) is the representation of the conscious result to the intention and preparation of movement. The IM is classified into visual motor imagery and kinesthetic motor imagery. Few studies relate the characteristics of visual and kinesthetic responses of cortical alpha wave, during the motor imagery training. The aim of this study was to observe the responses of alpha wave during motorimagery in Visual Imaging Subjects (VIS) and Kinesthesia ImagingSubjects (KIS). The response of alpha wave during IM performedshowed lower variability for the subjects Imaging Subjects. It wasobserved that the response of the alpha wave for both IMC and IMVare directly dependent on the type of mental training and not the classification of subjects in visual or kinesthetic imaging.