Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Big Five Inventory.

INTRODUCTION: There is growing interest in the fields of psychiatry and psychology in investigating the relationship between personality and psychopathology. The Big-5 is a model developed to investigate five personality dimensions: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. In the present study, we describe the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and adaptation of a free tool to evaluate the Big-5 model: The Big-5 Inventory (BFI). The instrument has 44 items with a Likert response scale ranging from 1 to 5. OBJECTIVES: To translate and adapt the BFI into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The adaptation was conducted in the following steps: 1) Translation, 2) Evaluation Committee, 3) Back-translation, 4) Pilot study, 5) Evaluation Committee, and 6) Application. The sample comprised 490 participants from various regions of Brazil. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 71 years, most of them had completed high school (62.9%), and the majority were women (75%). RESULTS: A model with the following fit indexes was found: χ2/df: 1.954; goodness fit index (GFI): 0.924; comparative fit index (CFI): 0.920; and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA): 0.044. CONCLUSION: The results are suggestive that the Brazilian version of this instrument has good psychometric properties and represent a cost-free option for investigating associations with the Big-5 in psychiatry.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Big Five Inventory

Abstract Introduction There is growing interest in the fields of psychiatry and psychology in investigating the relationship between personality and psychopathology. The Big-5 is a model developed to investigate five personality dimensions: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. In the present study, we describe the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and adaptation of a free tool to evaluate the Big-5 model: The Big-5 Inventory (BFI). The instrument has 44 items with a Likert response scale ranging from 1 to 5. Objectives To translate and adapt the BFI into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The adaptation was conducted in the following steps: 1) Translation, 2) Evaluation Committee, 3) Back-translation, 4) Pilot study, 5) Evaluation Committee, and 6) Application. The sample comprised 490 participants from various regions of Brazil. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 71 years, most of them had completed high school (62.9%), and the majority were women (75%). Results A model with the following fit indexes was found: χ2/df: 1.954; goodness fit index (GFI): 0.924; comparative fit index (CFI): 0.920; and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA): 0.044. Conclusion The results are suggestive that the Brazilian version of this instrument has good psychometric properties and represent a cost-free option for investigating associations with the Big-5 in psychiatry.

Redução de danos no PROAD: trinta anos de experiência institucional / Harm reduction at PROAD: thirty years of institutional experience

Este artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma retrospectiva histórica do Programa de Orientação e Atendimento a Dependentes (PROAD) no que se refere à adoção de modelos de Redução de Danos no cuidado a dependentes químicos. Desde sua criação o Programa desenvolve atividades de assistência, ensino e prevenção sob a ótica da Redução de Danos. No rol dessas atividades estão os grupos de acolhimento, programas específicos de Redução de Danos (como, por exemplo, intervenções junto a usuários de drogas injetáveis), publicações para a àrea da saúde e pesquisas científicas que abordam uma ampla gama de temas, desde a substituição espontânea do crack pela cannabis entre dependentes, até a Redução de Danos no âmbito da prevenção em escolas.

Sexual risky behavior, cocaine and alcohol use among substance users in an outpatient facility: a cross section study.

BACKGROUND: Substance dependence is considered an international health issue and studies that access the characteristic of this population are required to develop public health programs for harm reduction. To this aim, we purpose to to identify, in a population undergo addiction treatment, if the use of substances leads to sexual risky behavior and also check if another variables influences in this behavior. METHOD: Observational study of clinical sample collected of adult patients seeking treatment to dependence of alcohol and cocaine. The data collected were: socio-demographic, substance use, sexual behavior and childhood abuse. Risky sexual behaviors were considered: inconsistent use of condoms and presence of multiple sexual partners in the past six months. An exploratory analysis of the association between the variable "risky sexual behavior" and the other variables was performed using Pearson's chi-square, followed by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: After analyzing the variables with the presence or absence of risky sexual behavior, were included in the logistic regression the data that presented association with sexual risk behavior, and age appears as an independent factor for risky sexual behaviors. Other factors, such as schooling and unemployment, influence as much as the use of substances in risky sexual behaviors. CONCLUSION: Attributing just to the substance use this risky sexual behavior seems too simplistic. Other structural factors such as schooling, work, age and sexual abuse in childhood can influence decision making for safe sex.

Factorial and construct validity of Portuguese version (Brazil) Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale / Validade fatorial e de construto da versão em português (Brasil) da Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate factorial and construct validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS-BR). Methods A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian Portuguese versions of Online Cognition Scale (OCS-BR) and of BFAS-BR were applied to a sample of Health Undergraduate (n = 356). Construct validity evidences were verified through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Discriminant validity was examined by correlational analysis between the version of the BFAS-BR and OCS-BR. Results Proposed factorial model of BFAS did not present a good quality adjustment. So, a model restructuring was necessary from behavioral addiction theoretical views and new model presented satisfactory adjustment quality and construct validity evidence. Correlation between both tested scales was strong (ρ = 0.707) and, therefore, they measure the same construct. Conclusion The BFAS-BR show adequate factorial and construct validity.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a validade fatorial e de construto da versão em português brasileiro da Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS-BR). Métodos Um questionário sociodemográfico e as versões em português brasileiro da Online Cognition Scale (OCS-BR) e da BFAS-BR foram aplicados em uma amostra de universitários de cursos de Saúde (n = 356). As evidências da validade de construto foram verificadas por meio da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. A validade discriminante foi examinada pela análise correlacional das BFAS-BR e OCS-BR. Resultados O modelo fatorial proposto da BFAS não apresentou bom ajuste. Então, um modelo reestruturado foi necessário a partir das concepções teóricas das adições de comportamento. O novo modelo apresentou qualidade de ajustamento satisfatório e evidências de validade de construto. A correlação entre as versões em português de ambas as escalas testadas foi forte (ρ = 0,707). Conclusões A versão em português da Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale apresentou adequada validade de construto.

Translation and validation of the Brown attention-deficit disorder scale for use in Brazil: identifying cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among samples of substance users and non-users. Cross-cultural validation study.

BACKGROUND: The Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS) was developed as a self-report assessment that was designed to screen for presence of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective here was to translate and validate the adult self-report BADDS for use in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-cultural validation study conducted in an addiction unit at a public university hospital. METHODS: This study included a control group (n = 100) and a drug-user group (n = 100). Both groups included subjects aged 18 to 60 years old. The control group had no prior diagnosis of drug addiction and the drug-user group included participants with a diagnosis of addiction. Each participant answered Brazilian Portuguese translations of both the BADDS and the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS) questionnaires, in paper-and-pencil format. RESULTS: The drug-user group scored higher than the control group on both scales. The mean scores on ASRS were 27.26 (standard deviation, SD: 11.99) and 25.85 (SD: 8.65) respectively (P > 0.05). The mean scores on BADDS were 79.56 (SD: 29.61) and 79.31 (SD: 18.09), respectively (P > 0.05). Cronbach's alpha for BADDS was 0.95. BADDS presented fair sensitivity (72% accuracy) and fair specificity (88% accuracy). CONCLUSION: This study provides discriminative validity evidence for use of BADDS among Brazilian adults with substance-use disorders.

Translation and validation of the Brown attention-deficit disorder scale for use in Brazil: identifying cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among samples of substance users and non-users. Cross-cultural validation study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS) was developed as a self-report assessment that was designed to screen for presence of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective here was to translate and validate the adult self-report BADDS for use in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-cultural validation study conducted in an addiction unit at a public university hospital. METHODS: This study included a control group (n = 100) and a drug-user group (n = 100). Both groups included subjects aged 18 to 60 years old. The control group had no prior diagnosis of drug addiction and the drug-user group included participants with a diagnosis of addiction. Each participant answered Brazilian Portuguese translations of both the BADDS and the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS) questionnaires, in paper-and-pencil format. RESULTS: The drug-user group scored higher than the control group on both scales. The mean scores on ASRS were 27.26 (standard deviation, SD: 11.99) and 25.85 (SD: 8.65) respectively (P > 0.05). The mean scores on BADDS were 79.56 (SD: 29.61) and 79.31 (SD: 18.09), respectively (P > 0.05). Cronbach's alpha for BADDS was 0.95. BADDS presented fair sensitivity (72% accuracy) and fair specificity (88% accuracy). CONCLUSION: This study provides discriminative validity evidence for use of BADDS among Brazilian adults with substance-use disorders.

Reliability and construct validity of the Online Cognition Scale in the Portuguese (Brazil) version (OCS-BR) / Confiabilidade e validade de construto da Online Cognition Scale da versão português (Brasil) (OCS-BR)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate construct validity and reliability of the Portuguese (Brazil) version of Online Cognition Scale (OCS-BR). Methods Portuguese (Brazil) versions of Online Cognition Scale (OCS), of Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and socio demographic questionnaire was applied to a sample (n = 359) of health university students. Construct validity evidence was verified through the factorial and convergent validity by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and internal consistency and stability analysis through Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) respectively. Discriminative power of items were analyzed using item-total correlation and point biserial correlation. Results OCS-BR presented satisfactory evidence of construct validity. The instrument showed Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91 and ICC of 0.91. Conclusion Portuguese (Brazil) version of OCS shows items consistently gatherd to measure the Problematic Internet Use (PIU) construct, it is considered s stable instrument in time and with sufficient evidence of construct validity.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a validade de construto e a confiabilidade da versão em português (Brasil) da Online Cognition Scale (OCS-BR). Métodos As versões em português (Brasil) da Online Cognition Scale (OCS), da Internet Addiction Test (IAT) e um questionário sociodemográfico foram aplicados em uma amostra (n = 359) de estudantes universitários de saúde. A evidência de validade de construto foi verificada por meio da validade fatorial e convergente pela Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e pela análise da consistência internal e estabilidade pelo alpha de Cronbach e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC), respectivamente. O poder discriminativo de itens foi analisado usando a correlação item-total e a correlação do ponto bisserial. Resultados A OCS-BR apresentou evidência satisfatória de validade de construto. O instrumento apresentou o alpha de Cronbach de 0,91 e ICC de 0,91. Conclusão A versão em Português (Brasil) de OCS mostra itens consistentemente reunidos para medir o construto Uso Problemático de Internet, sendo considerado um instrumento estável no tempo e com evidência suficiente de validade de construto.

N-acetylcysteine for treating cocaine addiction - A systematic review.

The aim of this paper is to extensively review the current literature available on N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment for cocaine dependence (clinical and experimental studies). We screened all articles published before February 2016 reporting on the use of NAC as a pharmacological intervention for cocaine dependence or discussed its potential as a therapeutic approach for cocaine dependence. We described our results qualitatively. 21 studies matched our search criteria: 6 clinical trials and 15 animal studies. Four clinical studies showed NAC's capacity to reduce craving, desire to use cocaine, cocaine-cue viewing-time and cocaine-related spending. Studies in animal models also support this reinstatement prevention application of NAC. NAC reverses the disruption of glutamate homeostasis caused by long-term cocaine use restoring function of the cystine-glutamate exchanger in glial cells and reversing the downregulated GLT-1 receptor. Current data suggest promising potential for NAC as an anti-relapse agent, as a double-blind placebo trial was mainly negative, except in the subgroup of patients who were already abstinent. An optimal dose for relapse prevention may be one that restores extrasynaptic glutamate to physiological levels and predominantly activates mGluR2 and 3, but not mGluR5 receptors, which are linked to relapse. NAC may be better suited for avoiding relapse in already abstinent subjects.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the States of Consciousness Questionnaire (SOCQ) and statistical validation of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) in Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract Background The States of Consciousness Questionnaire (SOCQ) was developed to assess the occurrence features of the change in consciousness induced by psilocybin, and includes the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ), developed to assess the ocurrence of mystical experiences in altered states of consciousness. Objective To translate the SOCQ to Brazilian Portuguese and validate the 30-item MEQ. Methods The SOCQ was translated to Brazilian Portuguese and backtranslated into English. The two English versions were compared and differences corrected, resulting in a Brazilian translation. Using an internet-survey, 1504 Portuguese-speaking subjects answered the translated version of the SOCQ. The 4-factor version of MEQ30 was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Results A Brazilian Portuguese version of the SOCQ was made available. Goodness-of-fit indexes indicated that data met the factorial structure proposed for the English MEQ30. Factors presented excellent to acceptable reliability according to Cronbach’s alpha: mystical (0.95); positive mood (0.71); transcendence of time/space (0.83); and ineffability (0.81). Discussion The Brazilian Portuguese version of the MEQ30 is validated and it fits in the factorial structure performed on the original English version. The SOCQ is also available to the Brazilian Portuguese speaking population, allowing studies in different languages to be conducted and compared systematically.

Vitamin D and alcohol: A review of the current literature.

Vitamin D is associated with bone mineral density, and its deficiency is a global health problem. In psychiatry, low vitamin D levels have been associated with schizophrenia, depression, psychotic symptoms, and, more recently, alcohol use disorders. Alcohol use disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the association between alcohol use and vitamin D serum levels. The PubMed, SCIELO, and Lilacs databases were searched for this systematic review. We assessed all articles published from 1976 to December 2015, and we examined the associated reference lists to retrieve articles that appeared to fulfill our criteria. Of 932 articles, 49 met our inclusion criteria. The majority of the papers (71.4%) were cross-sectional studies. Alcohol intake was found to be positively associated with vitamin D status in 15 articles and negatively associated with vitamin D in 18 articles; no association was found in 16 articles. Heterogeneous results were found in our review, with a similar number of papers indicating a positive association, a negative association or the absence of any association between alcohol use and vitamin D levels. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the studies in which a positive association was found were more recent papers that involved considerably larger sample sizes than those in other studies. The older studies compared vitamin D levels in alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients, in contrast to more recent studies, which focused on more specific populations. In addition, most of the selected papers were from high latitude countries, where exposure to sunlight tends to be lower than in tropical countries. The data concerning vitamin D levels in patients with alcohol use disorders remain controversial. Additional research using a standardized methodology is necessary to demonstrate the real impact of alcohol consumption on vitamin D serum levels as well as on the health status of alcohol users.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION:: The Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (PESQ) is an instrument devised for assessing the magnitude of drug misuse among adolescents. However, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in adolescent samples outside the United States. OBJECTIVE:: To assess the internal reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the PESQ. METHOD:: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 84 adolescents from a clinical sample and a community-based sample. All of them answered the PESQ. RESULTS:: Among adolescents from the community, the PESQ problem severity index, which can vary from 18 to 72, was 26.48±9.28, whereas the clinical sample scored 42.89±10.02 (p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. Factor analysis resulted in a four-factor solution. Furthermore, both samples also had different mean scores for the other distinct content areas measured by the instrument. CONCLUSION:: Evidence to support the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Personal Experience Questionnaire was found.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire / Propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire

Summary Introduction: The Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (PESQ) is an instrument devised for assessing the magnitude of drug misuse among adolescents. However, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in adolescent samples outside the United States. Objective: To assess the internal reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the PESQ. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 84 adolescents from a clinical sample and a community-based sample. All of them answered the PESQ. Results: Among adolescents from the community, the PESQ problem severity index, which can vary from 18 to 72, was 26.48±9.28, whereas the clinical sample scored 42.89±10.02 (p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. Factor analysis resulted in a four-factor solution. Furthermore, both samples also had different mean scores for the other distinct content areas measured by the instrument. Conclusion: Evidence to support the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Personal Experience Questionnaire was found.

Resumo Introdução: o Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (PESQ) é um instrumento destinado ao rastreamento de problemas relacionados ao uso de drogas entre adolescentes. Entretanto, suas propriedades psicométricas não foram avaliadas em populações de adolescentes de outros países além dos Estados Unidos. Objetivo: avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade da versão brasileira do PESQ. Método: foi feito um estudo transversal envolvendo 84 adolescentes de uma amostra clínica e de uma amostra não clínica. Todos responderam ao PESQ. Resultados: entre os adolescentes da população geral, o índice de severidade de problema da PESQ, que pode variar de 18 a 72, foi de 26,48±9,28. Por outro lado, a população clínica teve pontuação de 42,89±10,02 (p<0,001). O alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,91. A análise fatorial resultou em uma solução de quatro fatores. Além disso, ambas as populações apresentaram pontuações significativamente diferentes em outras subescalas do PESQ. Conclusão: as evidências sustentam a validade e a confiabilidade da versão brasileira do PESQ.

Psychological and neuropsychological assessment of regular hoasca users.

BACKGROUND: Hoasca (also called ayahuasca) is a N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) - containing psychedelic brew originally used for magico-religious purposes by Amerindian populations of the Amazon Basin. Recently, Brazilian syncretic churches have helped spread the ritual use of hoasca to Western societies. The aim of this study was to evaluate substance use, and neuropsychological and psychological functioning of regular hoasca users within a religious setting. METHODS: Assessment of socio-economic status, mood, personality traits, impulsiveness, drug use, quality of life, extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity, and neuropsychological function was performed on 30 volunteers from a U.S. branch of União do Vegetal (UDV), a Brazilian religion which uses hoasca ritually. We also assessed 27 non-hoasca-using control subjects matched by socio-demographic profile and church attendance. Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared and Fisher tests were used to analyze differences between groups. Spearman's association and simple logistic regression tests were used to analyze the impact of frequency of hoasca use on dependent variables. RESULTS: Relative to the control group, the UDV group demonstrated lower scores for depression (p=0.043, r=.27) and confusion (p=0.032, r=.29) as assessed by the Profile of Mood States (POMS); higher scores on the instrument Big Five Inventory (BFI) for the personality traits agreeableness (p=0.028, r=.29) and openness (p=0.037, r=.28); higher scores on the quality life domain role limitations due to physical health as determined by the instrument Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 - SF-36 (p=0.035, r=.28); less recent use of alcohol (p<0.001, φc=.57), greater past use of alcohol to intoxication (p=0.007, φc=.36) and past use of cannabis (p=0.001, φc=.45) as measured by the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), 5th edition; better score on a measure of memory vulnerability to proactive interference as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test - CVLT (p=0.040, r=.27). Lifetime use of hoasca was positively correlated with role limitations due to physical health (p=0.032, rs=.39) and negatively associated with lifetime heavy alcohol use (p=0.034, OR=0.979). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that religious use of hoasca does not adversely affect neuropsychological functioning and may have positive effects on substance abuse and mood.

Uso de drogas injetáveis entre mulheres na Região Metropolitana de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil / Injection drug use among women in Metropolitan Region of Santos, São Paulo state, Brazil

Resumo O uso de drogas injetáveis refere-se, principalmente, ao uso de cocaína, e seus usuários caracterizam-se por alta frequência de injeção, elevado número de parceiros sexuais, comportamentos sexuais de risco e a troca de sexo por drogas. Há um contingente significativo de mulheres que usam drogas injetáveis, demandando contínua investigação no que concerne às relações de gênero que permeiam essa prática e os comportamentos de risco associados, bem como a suas demandas específicas. Buscou-se elucidar a vulnerabilidade dessas mulheres às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST), ao uso de drogas pela parceria com usuários e ao sexo desprotegido em decorrência da dependência química. Tratou-se de estudo qualitativo, em que foram utilizadas a observação participante e o grupo focal como estratégias para conhecimento da população. Os dados coletados foram divididos nos seguintes núcleos temáticos: consumo de drogas, relações afetivas, violência, situação legal, comportamento sexual e acesso à informação e às medidas de saúde. Investimentos e incorporação do conceito de iniquidades nas relações de gênero devem ser preconizados em medidas de saúde, de forma a esclarecer e fortalecer o grupo de mulheres nas tomadas de decisões em suas práticas sexuais e consumo de drogas que as imputam maior vulnerabilidade.

Abstract The injecting drug use refers mainly to the use of cocaine, and its members are characterized by high frequency of injection, the high number of sexual partners, sexual risk behavior and the exchange of sex for drugs. There are a significant number of women who use injection drugs, requiring continuous research with respect to gender relations that permeate this practice and risk behaviors, and to their specific demands. We attempted to elucidate these women's vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), drug use by partnering with drug users, and unprotected sex as a result of addiction. This was a qualitative study, in which were used participant observation and focus groups as strategies for knowledge of the population. Data were divided into the following themes: drug use, emotional relationships, violence, legal status, sexual behavior, and access to information and health measures. Investment and development of the concept of inequities in gender relations should be recommended for health measures in order to clarify and strengthen the group of women in decision making in their sexual practices and drug use that impute greater vulnerability.

Acute Biphasic Effects of Ayahuasca.

Ritual use of ayahuasca, an amazonian Amerindian medicine turned sacrament in syncretic religions in Brazil, is rapidly growing around the world. Because of this internationalization, a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of action of the brew and the neural correlates of the modified states of consciousness it induces is important. Employing a combination of electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings and quantification of ayahuasca's compounds and their metabolites in the systemic circulation we found ayahuasca to induce a biphasic effect in the brain. This effect was composed of reduced power in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) after 50 minutes from ingestion of the brew and increased slow- and fast-gamma power (30-50 and 50-100 Hz, respectively) between 75 and 125 minutes. Alpha power reductions were mostly located at left parieto-occipital cortex, slow-gamma power increase was observed at left centro-parieto-occipital, left fronto-temporal and right frontal cortices while fast-gamma increases were significant at left centro-parieto-occipital, left fronto-temporal, right frontal and right parieto-occipital cortices. These effects were significantly associated with circulating levels of ayahuasca's chemical compounds, mostly N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine and some of their metabolites. An interpretation based on a cognitive and emotional framework relevant to the ritual use of ayahuasca, as well as it's potential therapeutic effects is offered.

Equivalência semântica e confiabilidade da versão em português da Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale / Semantic equivalence and confiability of the Portuguese version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale

Objetivo Avaliar a equivalência semântica e a confiabilidade da Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale para o português (Brasil). Métodos O processo consistiu em cinco passos: tradução; retradução; revisão técnica e avaliação da equivalência semântica por profissionais; avaliação do instrumento por compreensão verbal por uma amostra de profissionais (n = 10) e de estudantes (n = 37); análise de consistência interna e estabilidade por meio do coeficiente de Cronbach e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) respectivamente, em uma amostra de 359 estudantes de graduação. Resultados O instrumento apresentou no fim um excelente nível de compreensão verbal pela população-alvo, alfa de Cronbach de 0,92 e CCI de 0,81. Conclusão A versão adaptada do instrumento para o uso em nosso ambiente resultou em um instrumento equivalente do ponto de visão de equivalência semântica, assegurando a transferência do significado geral e referencial, mantendo níveis satisfatórios de confiabilidade. .

Objective To evaluate the semantic equivalence and confiability of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale into Portuguese (Brazil). Methods The process consisted of five steps: translation; back-translation; technical review and evaluation of semantic equivalence by professionals; evaluation instrument as verbal comprehension by a professional sample (n = 10) and students (n = 37); analysis of internal consistency and stability through Cronbach coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) respectively, in a sample of 359 undergraduate students. Results The instrument presented at the end an excellent level of verbal comprehension by the target population, Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92 and ICC of 0.81. Conclusion The adapted version of the instrument for use in our environment resulted in an equivalent instrument from the point of view of semantic equivalence, ensuring the transfer of general and referential meaning, maintaining satisfactory levels of reliability. .

Treating drug dependence with the aid of ibogaine: a retrospective study.

Ibogaine is an alkaloid purported to be an effective drug dependence treatment. However, its efficacy has been hard to evaluate, partly because it is illegal in some countries. In such places, treatments are conducted in underground settings where fatalities have occurred. In Brazil ibogaine is unregulated and a combined approach of psychotherapy and ibogaine is being practiced to treat addiction. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ibogaine, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 75 previous alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and crack users (72% poly-drug users). We observed no serious adverse reactions or fatalities, and found 61% of participants abstinent. Participants treated with ibogaine only once reported abstinence for a median of 5.5 months and those treated multiple times for a median of 8.4 months. This increase was statistically significant (p < 0.001), and both single or multiple treatments led to longer abstinence periods than before the first ibogaine session (p < 0.001). These results suggest that the use of ibogaine supervised by a physician and accompanied by psychotherapy can facilitate prolonged periods of abstinence, without the occurrence of fatalities or complications. These results suggest that ibogaine can be a safe and effective treatment for dependence on stimulant and other non-opiate drugs.

[Semantic equivalence of the Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the Online Cognition Scale]. / Avaliação da equivalência semântica da versão em português (Brasil) da Online Cognition Scale.

This study evaluated the semantic equivalence of the Online Cognition Scale in Brazilian Portuguese. The process included five steps: translation, back-translation, technical review, evaluation of semantic equivalence by trained professionals, and evaluation of the instrument for content understanding by a group of professionals (n = 10) and students (n = 37). The instrument was translated and adapted to Portuguese, showing a high level of verbal comprehension by the target population. The adapted version for use in Brazil resulted in an equivalent instrument from the semantic and content point of view, ready for evaluation of its psychometric qualities in the Brazilian cultural context.

O ensino de Terapia Ocupacional na clínica das dependências: Uma experiência na liga acadêmica de farmacodependências (PROAD–UNIFESP) / Teaching Occupational Therapy on the Addiction Field - An experience in a multidisciplinary context with undergraduate students

Objetiva-se discutir o ensino de Terapia Ocupacional (TO) no contexto da dependência química com alunos de graduação. Visando debater sobre a experiência da prática multidisciplinar supervisionada durante o trajeto de formação acadêmica, apresenta-se a Liga Acadêmica de Farmacodependências (LFD) como espaço para compreensão do fenômeno da dependência e da construção da clínica. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, de caráter observacional, no qual foi realizada a análise de conteúdo das discussões realizadas entre os preceptores e os 25 alunos de diferentes cursos (TO, Psicologia, Enfermagem e Medicina) que compõem a LFD, vinculada ao PROAD (Programa de Orientação e Atendimento a Dependentes) da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Foram observadas articulações acerca da construção do raciocínio clínico em TO, assim como sobre a constituição do olhar do aluno enquanto profissional membro de uma equipe multidisciplinar. A experiência da construção da especificidade da TO, somada à articulação de diferentes olhares na supervisão coletiva, favoreceu a construção de uma compreensão ampliada sobre os sujeitos atendidos na LFD. As discussões de caso coletivas permitem um diálogo multidisciplinar que vai constituindo a identidade dos alunos enquanto profissionais da sa�de que se posicionam em uma equipe de raciocínio coeso. Percebeu-se que o ensino de TO, no contexto de uma liga multiprofissional, inserida em um programa de atenção a pessoas com problemas relacionadas ao uso, abuso e/ou dependência de substâncias, tem sido uma experiência de construção contínua de um espaço que visa sustentar e dialogar sobre questões da especificidade da profissão e da sua inserïção em equipe.(AU)

This article intends to discuss the teaching of Occupational Therapy (OT) in the context of substance abuse to undergraduate students. Aiming to debate the experience of multidisciplinary supervised practice during the course of academic studies, it presents the Academic League on Drug Dependence - LFD as a space for understanding the phenomenon of addiction and the construction of practice in this area. A qualitative observational study was carried out on the analysis of discussion between tutors and 25 undergraduate students from different courses (OT, psychology, nursing, and medicine) that comprise the LFD, which is associated with the Program of Treatment and Guidance to Drug Addicts - PROAD of the Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP. We observed articulations about the construction of clinical reasoning in the OT area and the constitution of the students’ perceptions while professionals participating in a multidisciplinary team. It was possible to observe that the experience of the specificity of OT and collective supervision, which, in turn, enables the articulation, favored the construction of an expended comprehension of the subjects treated in the LFD. In this sense, the collective discussion of cases allowed multidisciplinary dialogue that will constitute the identity of students as health professionals who position themselves in a coherent team. It was perceived that the teaching of OT, in the context of a multiprofessional league, inserted in a program of care for people with probles related to substance use, abuse and/or dependence, has been an experience of a continuous construction of a space that supports and dialogues on issues of the specificity of profession, and its inclusion in this team.(AU)