Preoperative imaging assessment of the paralytic upper limb.

Imaging has become an essential tool in the study of the posttraumatic paralytic upper limb, in addition to the clinical examination and electroneuromyography. Upper extremity surgeons must be aware of how these different techniques contribute to the initial and preoperative assessment of nervous injuries. We review the appearance of traumatic nerve damage and muscle denervation during the initial injury assessment, focusing on the main aspects of brachial plexus injuries, paralysis after shoulder dislocation and traumatic damage to the radial nerve. Finally, we discuss the role of imaging for preoperative assessment of musculotendinous and osteoarticular palliative surgeries.

Transcriptional profiling and physiological responses reveal new insights into drought tolerance in a semiarid adapted species, Anacardium occidentale.

Water stress affects plant performance at various organisational levels, from morphological to molecular, with a drastic drop in crop yield. Integrative studies involving transcriptomics and physiological data in recognized tolerant species are appropriate strategies to identify and understand molecular and functional processes related to water deficit tolerance. The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) is a species naturally adapted to environments with low water availability associated with adverse conditions such as heat, high radiation and salinity. We used an integrative strategy, combining classical physiological measurements with high throughput RNA-seq to understand the main adaptive mechanisms of cashew to water deficit followed by recovery. Physiological analyses indicate that young cashew plants display typical isohydric behaviour. They first exhibit rapid stomatal closure, followed by CO2 assimilation, thus preserving the relative water content, membrane integrity and photosystem II activity. Differential expression was observed in 1733 genes from plant leaves exposed to water deficit stress for 26 days. Among them, 705 were upregulated and 1028 were downregulated. After rewatering, 1330 (76.7%) genes returned to their basal expression level. Transcriptional, combined with physiological data, reveal that cashew plants display high phenotypic plasticity and resilience to acute water deficit, and do not activate senescence pathways. A series of genes/pathways and processes involved with drought tolerance in cashew are evidenced, particularly in carbon metabolism, photosynthesis and chloroplast homeostasis.

Acute isolated volar dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint: case report and literature review.

The acute isolated distal radio-ulnar (DRU) dislocation is a rare traumatic pathology and no consensus concerning its management has been established. This case report describes an acute isolated volar DRU dislocation in a 26-year-old patient. The authors propose, based on this case and after an exhaustive review of the literature, a non-operative management for these isolated and non-complicated dislocations.

Relacion alfafetoproteina delta D.O.a 450 microm en el liquido amniotico de embarazos normales. / Alpha fetoprotein relationship in amniotic fluid in normal pregnancies

A partir de un grupo de 46 gestantes, se dosifica radioinmunologicamente la concentracion de AFP en el liquido amniotico.Paralelamente se valora espectrofotometricamente el Delta D.O. a 450 micrometro; ademas de otros (L/E, test de Clements, etc.) Se obtiene un grupo de gravidas, derivadas del grupo primitivo, que cursaron embarazos normales y que obtuvieron recien nacidos normales; comprobandose a traves del coeficiente de correlacion lineal la certeza de que las concentraciones de AFP en el liquido amniotico estan en relacion directa a los valores espectrofotometricas del Incremento coeficientes de correlacion lineal (AFP/delta D.O.) en embarazos patologicos y con incompatibilidad Rh; por ultimo tambien se correlaciono linealmente la AFP y delta D.O. a 450 micrometro con los valores de bilirrubinemia 24 horas postparto en recien nacidos con ictericia neonatal

Relacion alfafetoproteina delta D.O.a 450 microm en el liquido amniotico de embarazos normales. / Alpha fetoprotein relationship in amniotic fluid in normal pregnancies

A partir de un grupo de 46 gestantes, se dosifica radioinmunologicamente la concentracion de AFP en el liquido amniotico.Paralelamente se valora espectrofotometricamente el Delta D.O. a 450 micrometro; ademas de otros (L/E, test de Clements, etc.) Se obtiene un grupo de gravidas, derivadas del grupo primitivo, que cursaron embarazos normales y que obtuvieron recien nacidos normales; comprobandose a traves del coeficiente de correlacion lineal la certeza de que las concentraciones de AFP en el liquido amniotico estan en relacion directa a los valores espectrofotometricas del Incremento coeficientes de correlacion lineal (AFP/delta D.O.) en embarazos patologicos y con incompatibilidad Rh; por ultimo tambien se correlaciono linealmente la AFP y delta D.O. a 450 micrometro con los valores de bilirrubinemia 24 horas postparto en recien nacidos con ictericia neonatal