Measurement of the α-Particle Monopole Transition Form Factor Challenges Theory: A Low-Energy Puzzle for Nuclear Forces?

We perform a systematic study of the α-particle excitation from its ground state 0_{1}^{+} to the 0_{2}^{+} resonance. The so-called monopole transition form factor is investigated via an electron scattering experiment in a broad Q^{2} range (from 0.5 to 5.0 fm^{-2}). The precision of the new data dramatically supersedes that of older sets of data, each covering only a portion of the Q^{2} range. The new data allow the determination of two coefficients in a low-momentum expansion, leading to a new puzzle. By confronting experiment to state-of-the-art theoretical calculations, we observe that modern nuclear forces, including those derived within chiral effective field theory that are well tested on a variety of observables, fail to reproduce the excitation of the α particle.

New Insight in the Q

Virtual Compton scattering on the proton has been investigated at three yet unexplored values of the four-momentum transfer Q^{2}: 0.10, 0.20, and 0.45 GeV^{2}, at the Mainz Microtron. Fits performed using either the low-energy theorem or dispersion relations allowed the extraction of the structure functions P_{LL}-P_{TT}/ε and P_{LT}, as well as the electric and magnetic generalized polarizabilities α_{E1}(Q^{2}) and ß_{M1}(Q^{2}). These new results show a smooth and rapid falloff of α_{E1}(Q^{2}), in contrast to previous measurements at Q^{2}=0.33 GeV^{2}, and provide for the first time a precise mapping of ß_{M1}(Q^{2}) in the low-Q^{2} region.

First Measurement of the Q

We report on the first Q^{2}-dependent measurement of the beam-normal single spin asymmetry A_{n} in the elastic scattering of 570 MeV vertically polarized electrons off ^{12}C. We cover the Q^{2} range between 0.02 and 0.05 GeV^{2}/c^{2} and determine A_{n} at four different Q^{2} values. The experimental results are compared to a theoretical calculation that relates A_{n} to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude. The result emphasizes that the Q^{2} behavior of A_{n} given by the ratio of the Compton to charge form factors cannot be treated independently of the target nucleus.

Measurement of the Vector and Tensor Asymmetries at Large Missing Momentum in Quasielastic (e[over →],e

We report the measurement of the beam-vector and tensor asymmetries A_{ed}^{V} and A_{d}^{T} in quasielastic (e[over →],e^{'}p) electrodisintegration of the deuteron at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center up to missing momentum of 500 MeV/c. Data were collected simultaneously over a momentum transfer range 0.1

Beam-Recoil Polarization Measurement of π

The helicity-dependent recoil proton polarizations P_{x}^{'} and P_{z}^{'} as well as the helicity-independent component P_{y} have been measured in the p(e[over →],e^{'}p[over →])π^{0} reaction at four-momentum transfer Q^{2}≃0.1 GeV^{2}, center-of-mass proton emission angle θ_{p}^{*}≃90°, and invariant mass W≃1440 MeV. This first precise measurement of double-polarization observables in the energy domain of the Roper resonance P_{11}(1440) by exploiting recoil polarimetry has allowed for the extraction of its scalar electroexcitation amplitude at an unprecedentedly low value of Q^{2}, establishing a powerful instrument for probing the interplay of quark and meson degrees of freedom in the nucleon.

Observation of Λ(4)H Hyperhydrogen by Decay-Pion Spectroscopy in Electron Scattering.

At the Mainz Microtron MAMI, the first high-resolution pion spectroscopy from decays of strange systems was performed by electron scattering off a (9)Be target in order to study the Λ binding energy of light hypernuclei. Positively charged kaons were detected by a short-orbit spectrometer with a broad momentum acceptance at 0° forward angles with respect to the beam, efficiently tagging the production of strangeness in the target nucleus. Coincidentally, negatively charged decay pions were detected by two independent high-resolution spectrometers. About 10(3) pionic weak decays of hyperfragments and hyperons were observed. The pion momentum distribution shows a monochromatic peak at pπ≈133 MeV/c, corresponding to the unique signature for the two-body decay of hyperhydrogen Λ(4)H→(4)He+π(-), stopped inside the target. Its Λ binding energy was determined to be BΛ=2.12±0.01 (stat)±0.09 (syst)MeV with respect to the (3)H+Λ mass.

Search at the Mainz Microtron for light massive gauge bosons relevant for the muon g-2 anomaly.

A massive, but light, Abelian U(1) gauge boson is a well-motivated possible signature of physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. In this Letter, the search for the signal of such a U(1) gauge boson in electron-positron pair production at the spectrometer setup of the A1 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron is described. Exclusion limits in the mass range of 40 MeV/c^{2} to 300 MeV/c^{2}, with a sensitivity in the squared mixing parameter of as little as ε^{2}=8×10^{-7} are presented. A large fraction of the parameter space has been excluded where the discrepancy of the measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon with theory might be explained by an additional U(1) gauge boson.

First Report of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis Associated with Pinus sylvestris in Serbia.

Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Korentchenko) Braasch et al. (1), also referred to as the European type of B. mucronatus, is morphologically very similar to the pine wood nematode (PWN) B. xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. The main morphological difference between the two species is the shape of the female tail mucro (3); however, some populations of PWN vary in mucro shape, which can lead to misidentification. Since PWN was found and identified for the first time in Portugal in 1999 (4), concern about the spread of PWN to pines and other conifers all over Europe has increased. Therefore, the PWN survey in every European country is essential. In 2011, the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management implemented phytosanitary measures for detection of PWN in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. In September 2013, wood samples were collected from a 40-year-old wilted Pinus sylvestris located on Divcibare Mountain, western Serbia. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann funnel method. Nematode specimens (10 females and 10 males) were characterized by an Aphelenchoid-type esophagus, female vulva flap, mucro on the end of female tail, and males with paired arcuate spicules. Morphological identification matched that of B. mucronatus kolymensis (1). The specific morphometric evidence for this European type subspecies of B. mucronatus was sub-cylindrical female tail with mucro 3 to 4 µm long, digitate, well offset from tail (5). Species identification was confirmed by PCR-RFLP of the rDNA ITS region using one female and one male nematode separately (2). The sizes of restricted DNA fragments as determined with agarose gel and capillary electrophoresis were in compliance with reported data in the literature (2,4) and support the identification of the nematode as B. mucronatus kolymensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of any species belonging to Bursaphelenchus genus in Serbia. The presence of B. mucronatus kolymensis in Serbia indicates the possibility of establishment and spread of PWN. Therefore, the measures taken in case of PWN occurrence should be prepared and training foresters to identify pine wilt disease symptoms should be encouraged in Serbia. References: (1) H. Braasch et al. J. Nematode Morphol. Syst. 14:77, 2011. (2) W. Burgermeister et al. Nematology 11:649, 2009. (3) Y. Mamiya and N. Enda. Nematologica 25:353, 1979. (4) M. M. Mota et al. Nematology 1:727, 1999. (5) M. M. Mota and P. Vieira. Page 146 in: Pine Wilt Disease: A Worldwide Threat to Forest Ecosystems. Springer Science and Business Media, 2008.

First Report of the Pale Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), the golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Bahrens, and the pale potato cyst nematode G. pallida (Stone) stand out by their remarkable and efficient parasitic adaptations causing high economic losses in potato production worldwide. They are A2 quarantine pests in EPPO countries as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up to now, only G. rostochiensis was reported from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011 (1). A systematic survey on the presence of PCN on entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina started in 2011. During the PCN survey, each year 120 soil samples of 1.5 liters were collected in the Republic of Srpska, one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The samples were collected by soil auger 10 cm in length with a diameter of 1.5 cm consisting of 100 cores. Entire samples were processed by Seinhorst elutriator (4). In autumn of 2012, PCN viable cysts were found in two soil samples originating from one field. From one sample, 12 cysts were extracted, and 2 from another sample. The morphology of cysts and second stage juveniles and molecular analysis established the identity of this species as pale cyst nematode G. pallida (3). In addition, the sequencing of the ribosomal DNA region revealed unequivocal similarity to G. pallida (GenBank Accession No. HF968449), while PCR-RFLP analysis (2) showed European type of G. pallida. The infested field is located in Rogatica, 70 km east of Sarajevo, which is one of the main seed and potato production areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The field history revealed that farm-propagated, farm-saved seed potatoes could spread the nematodes to other fields as well. Therefore, 26 additional samples were taken from the fields that belong to the infested field owner and the surrounding fields, but no cysts were found in additional samples. To determine infestation focus and its size, the infested field (1.1 ha) was divided into 46 plots (25 × 10 m) and resampled by taking samples of 60 cores per plot. The detailed sampling of the field revealed a high infestation of 1 cyst per gram of soil in the infestation focus. The high infestation level and the propagation of farm-own seed potatoes suggest that the introduction of G. pallida might have occurred several years ago, probably with imported seed potatoes. The infested field was subjected to the phytosanitary measure of banning potato production for a period of 6 years with the possibility of its prolongation, if cysts with live content are found afterward. It is expected that the nematode is present in other fields due to the farmer's practices of propagating farm-saved seed potatoes and deficient field machinery hygiene. Therefore, the whole area will be intensively monitored for the presence of PCN in the future. An adequate pest management plan will be prepared after PCN pathotype identification. To our knowledge, only one field was found infested with G. pallida during the 3-year PCN survey in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strict phytosanitary measures for preventing further PCN introductions and spreading should be intensified. References: (1) I. Ostojic et al. Plant Dis. 95:883, 2011. (2) S. Sirca et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 49:361, 2010. (3) A. M. Skantar et al. J. Nematol. 39:133, 2007. (4) J. van Bezooijen. Methods and Techniques for Nematology, Wageningen University, 2006.

Measurement of the neutron electric to magnetic form factor ratio at Q2=1.58 GeV2 using the reaction 3He[over →](e[over →],e'n)pp.

A measurement of beam helicity asymmetries in the reaction 3He[over →](e[over →],e'n)pp is performed at the Mainz Microtron in quasielastic kinematics to determine the electric to magnetic form factor ratio of the neutron GEn/GMn at a four-momentum transfer Q2=1.58 GeV2. Longitudinally polarized electrons are scattered on a highly polarized 3He gas target. The scattered electrons are detected with a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer, and the ejected neutrons are detected with a dedicated neutron detector composed of scintillator bars. To reduce systematic errors, data are taken for four different target polarization orientations allowing the determination of GEn/GMn from a double ratio. We find µnGEn/GMn=0.250±0.058(stat)±0.017(syst).

First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica on Tomato and Cucumber in Turkey.

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, mainly reported from African countries, was first described in 1968 in Tanzania (4). It was further detected in South America (Brazil, Chile, and Peru) (2). In 2004, M. ethiopica was recorded for the first time in Europe on tomato (3) and later in field soil samples from maize (Zea mays L.) and kiwi [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson] collected in the area of Kavalla in North Greece (1). M. ethiopica was included on the EPPO alert list of harmful organisms in 2011. In summer 2009, severe stunting, leaf wilting, and extensive root galling of a presumed root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) were detected during a routine survey for root nematodes attacking tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops from two greenhouses in the campus of University of Ondokuz Mayis and attacking cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) crops from commercial greenhouses in Çarsamba district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Perineal patterns of Meloidogyne sp. females collected from infested roots were variable, with moderately high to high dorsal arch, lateral line mostly indistinct and striae usually wavy, which is very similar to that seen in M. incognita Kofoid & White. Such variability among perineal patterns precluded its accurate identification. For further species identification, protein extracted from young egg-laying females were resolved in 3% stacking (pH 6.8) and 7% separating (pH 8.8) polyacrylamide gel with Tris-glycine buffer. The gels were stained with α-naphthyl acetate substrate for esterase activity (1). The esterase phenotypes exhibited a three banded pattern, E3, that was identical to M. ethiopica. Therefore, esterase studies were repeated including nematodes from M. ethiopica culture from Slovenia used as a reference. In addition, small subunit rDNA sequence analyses were performed to complete species identification. DNA sequences of a 1.6-kb rDNA fragment were generated using two sets of primers (1) and deposited in the NCBI GenBank with the accession number KC551945. The sequence was compared to the corresponding fragments of M. ethiopica and closely related species from the NCBI GenBank. DNA sequence of M. ethiopica from Turkey exhibited the highest identity of 99.8% to the sequence FJ559408 of M. ethiopica from Slovenia. Sequences KC551945, FJ559408, AY942630, and JQ768373 of M. ethiopica from Turkey, Slovenia, Brazil, and Greece, respectively, clustered together and formed a separate clade using phylogenetic analyses. This species may pose a threat for vegetable production in Turkey since it has a wide host range infesting numerous higher plants including monocotyledons, dicotyledons, herbaceous, and woody plants. Furthermore, M. ethiopica may have been present in Turkey for many years because correct identification based only on perineal pattern is difficult. Thus, misidentification might have been possible. The distribution of this nematode in more extensive vegetable fields should be determined. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. ethiopica in Turkey and the third finding of this species in Europe. References: (1) I. L. Conceição et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 134:451, 2012. (2) S. N. Murga-Gutierrez et al. Nematropica. 42:57, 2012. (3) S. Sirca et al. Plant Disease. 88:680, 2004. (4) A. G. Whitehead. Nematology. 15:315, 1969.

First Report of the Pale Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida from Slovenia.

The potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Behrens and G. pallida (Stone) Behrens are considered the most important nematode threat to potato production worldwide, and they are subject to strict quarantine regulations in many countries. The first report of the PCN in Slovenia dates back to 1971, when a single cyst of G. rostochiensis was detected (3). In the last decade, G. rostochiensis was detected several times, mainly in the central and northern parts of the country (2). Interceptions of G. pallida in imported consignments of ware potato were made several times, but had not been detected in soil in Slovenia. Therefore, the country was declared as a protected zone for G. pallida in the European Union by the national authorities in 2003. During the official PCN systematic survey in autumn 2011, the pale potato cyst nematode, G. pallida, was found in a soil sample. Two viable cysts were extracted and the nematode species was identified. The posterior part of the cysts containing eggs and juveniles were used for morphometrical analysis, while the anterior parts were used for DNA extraction and molecular analyses. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified using ITS5 and PITSp4 primers and detected in real-time PCR using ABI7500 (Applied Biosystems, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA,) (1). Also, the ribosomal DNA region that extends from the 3' end of the 18S ribosomal subunit and includes all of ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2, to the 5' end of the 28S ribosomal subunit, was used to generate a DNA sequence. The sequence obtained was compared with those from several Globodera species, revealing unequivocal similarity to G. pallida. The infested soil sample originated from a ware potato field near Ivancna Gorica, central Slovenia. Subsequently, an additional 69 samples were taken from the surroundings and viable G. pallida cysts were found in another five samples taken from two neighboring fields (one of grassland and the other of clover). Three fields, totaling 1.9 ha, were declared as G. pallida-infested. The eradication of the pest will take place by enforcing strict phytosanitary measures. Ware potatoes originating from areas where the pests occur is considered to be the most probable pathway for the introduction of G. pallida in Slovenia. A ware potato processing facility is situated in very close proximity to the infested fields. The waste waters from potato tuber washing were discharging onto the grassland, never used for potato or other field crop production in which the G. pallida infestation was found. The facility processes imported ware potato from several European and non-European countries. This case demonstrates that ware potato may pose a serious risk for the introduction of such pests, and should be therefore subjected to more intensive phytosanitary inspection. References: (1) J. Bacic et al. Russ. J. Nematol. 16:63, 2008. (2) S. Sirca et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 49:361, 2010. (3) G. Urek et al. Nematology 5:391, 2003.

Search for light gauge bosons of the dark sector at the Mainz Microtron.

A new exclusion limit for the electromagnetic production of a light U(1) gauge boson γ' decaying to e + e- was determined by the A1 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron. Such light gauge bosons appear in several extensions of the standard model and are also discussed as candidates for the interaction of dark matter with standard model matter. In electron scattering from a heavy nucleus, the existing limits for a narrow state coupling to e + e- were reduced by nearly an order of magnitude in the range of the lepton pair mass of 210 MeV/c2}

Precise measurement of deuteron tensor analyzing powers with BLAST.

We report a precision measurement of the deuteron tensor analyzing powers T(20) and T(21) at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center. Data were collected simultaneously over a momentum transfer range Q=2.15-4.50 fm(-1) with the Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid using a highly polarized deuterium internal gas target. The data are in excellent agreement with calculations in a framework of effective field theory. The deuteron charge monopole and quadrupole form factors G(C) and G(Q) were separated with improved precision, and the location of the first node of G(C) was confirmed at Q=4.19±0.05 fm(-1). The new data provide a strong constraint on theoretical models in a momentum transfer range covering the minimum of T(20) and the first node of G(C).

High-precision determination of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton.

New precise results of a measurement of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section performed at the Mainz Microtron MAMI are presented. About 1400 cross sections were measured with negative four-momentum transfers squared up to Q² = 1 (GeV/c)² with statistical errors below 0.2%. The electric and magnetic form factors of the proton were extracted by fits of a large variety of form factor models directly to the cross sections. The form factors show some features at the scale of the pion cloud. The charge and magnetic radii are determined to be ½ = 0.879(5)stat(4)syst(2)model(4)group fm and ½ = 0.777(13)stat(9)syst(5)model(2)group fm.

Charge form factor of the neutron at low momentum transfer from the 2H-->(e-->,e'n)1H reaction.

We report new measurements of the neutron charge form factor at low momentum transfer using quasielastic electrodisintegration of the deuteron. Longitudinally polarized electrons at an energy of 850 MeV were scattered from an isotopically pure, highly polarized deuterium gas target. The scattered electrons and coincident neutrons were measured by the Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST) detector. The neutron form factor ratio GEn/GMn was extracted from the beam-target vector asymmetry AedV at four-momentum transfers Q2=0.14, 0.20, 0.29, and 0.42 (GeV/c)2.

Recoil polarization and beam-recoil double polarization measurement of eta electroproduction on the proton in the region of the S11(1535) resonance.

The beam-recoil double polarization P(x')(h) and P(z')(h) and the recoil polarization P(y') were measured for the first time for the p(e,e'p)eta reaction at a four-momentum transfer of Q(2) = 0.1 GeV(2)/c(2) and a center of mass production angle of theta = 120 degrees at the Mainz Microtron MAMI-C. With a center of mass energy range of 1500 MeV

-Measurement of the proton's electric to magnetic form factor ratio from 1H(over -->)(e(over -->),e'p).

We report the first precision measurement of the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio from spin-dependent elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from a polarized hydrogen internal gas target. The measurement was performed at the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring over a range of four-momentum transfer squared Q2 from 0.15 to 0.65 (GeV/c)(2). Significantly improved results on the proton electric and magnetic form factors are obtained in combination with existing cross-section data on elastic electron-proton scattering in the same Q2 region.

Xiphinema rivesi from Slovania Transmit Tobacco ringspot virus and Tomato ringspot virus to Cucumber Bait Plants.

The dagger nematode, Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, a member of the X. americanum group, was detected in 2002 for the first time in Slovenia and for the fourth time in Europe (4). X. rivesi is a vector of at least four North American nepoviruses including Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Peach rosette mosaic virus (PRMV) (1,2). All of these viruses are included on the EPPO and EU lists of quarantine organisms, but none of the Xiphinema species found in Europe have been reported to transmit these nepoviruses. Three virus isolates, including TRSV (from Lobelia spp.; virus collection of the Plant Protection Service, Wageningen, The Netherlands), ToRSV (grapevine isolate PV-0381; DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) (from Vinca spp.; virus collection of the Plant Protection Service), were used in transmission tests with a population of X. rivesi found in Slovenia. X. rivesi is not known to transmit ArMV and this virus was included as a check. The nematodes were extracted from peach orchard soil collected near the village of Dornberk, and transmission tests fulfilled the set of criteria proposed by Trudgill et al. (3). Cucumis sativus cv. Eva, grown in a growth chamber at 25°C, was used as acquisition hosts and transmission bait plants. The acquisition hosts were mechanically inoculated and showing systemic symptoms before the introduction of nematodes. Noninoculated acquisition plants were included as controls. After a 10-day acquisition feeding period, the nematodes were transferred to healthy bait plants and allowed a 14-day inoculation feeding period. X. rivesi transmitted TRSV and ToRSV but not ArMV. TRSV and ToRSV bait plants developed systemic symptoms 4 to 6 weeks after the nematodes were transferred. Transmission of TRSV and ToRSV was confirmed by testing leaf and root sap of bait plants in a double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA. High virus concentrations were detected in the roots and leaves of TRSV and ToRSV symptomatic plants. DAS-ELISA on bait plants from nematodes that had been allowed to feed on ArMV-infected or the virus-free control acquisition plants gave negative results. No symptoms appeared on bait plants used for ArMV transmission or the control bait plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transmission of TRSV and ToRSV with a Xiphinema population from Europe. References: (1) D. J. F. Brown et al. Phytopathology 84:646, 1994. (2) L.W. Stobbs et al. Plant Dis. 80:105, 1996. (3) D. L. Trudgill et al. Rev. Nematol. 6:133, 1983. (4) G. Urek et al. Plant Dis. 87:100, 2002.

The Incidence of Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica on Vegetables and Weeds in Montenegro.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common pathogens that parasitize vegetables and other crops and cause significant yield reductions worldwide. In the early spring of 2006, severe plant stunting, chlorosis, and extensive root galling were observed on cucumber plants grown in a greenhouse on Zeta plain, Zetska ravnica, Montenegro. In the summer and autumn of 2006, infected roots of different crops were collected from greenhouses and vegetable production fields of Zeta plain, which represents the largest area of Montenegro's vegetable production. Several vegetable crops were found to be infected with root-knot nematodes, including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Symptoms on these crops included root-galling, leaf chlorosis, and stunting. Heavily infected tomato plants growing in two greenhouses also displayed early flower and fruit drop. Nematode species were determined based on characterization of (i) female perineal patterns, (ii) male and second-stage juvenile morphology (2,3), and (iii) esterase and malate dehydrogenase phenotypes (PhastSystem; Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ) from young egg-laying females (1). The most prevalent species was M. incognita, which was isolated from the roots of tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and lettuce from nine locations. Meloidogyne arenaria was detected at three locations from the roots of tomatoes grown in a greenhouse and the weeds Convolvulus arvensis L. and Solanum nigrum L., which were growing in open fields in separate locations. M. javanica was found on tomato and squash in the same field where M. arenaria was also found on S. nigrum. M. javanica was isolated from tomato and squash. In this study, we found high incidence of Meloidogyne spp. in intensive vegetable production areas of Montenegro. The implementation of an effective integrated pest management program is essential for future use of infested areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica from Montenegro. References: (1) P. R. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou. J. Nematol. 17:6, 1985. (2) S. B. Jepson. Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1987. (3) G. Karssen. The Plant-Parasitic Nematode Genus Meloidogyne Göldi, 1892 (Tylenchida) in Europe. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2002.