Exploring the preservation efficiency of cured betel leaf essential oil in augmenting the quality of fruit juice: a comprehensive evaluation of physicochemical, microbial, and sensory parameters.

Betel leaves have deep roots in India's cultural heritage and have long been known for their use in traditional diets as a masticatory agent. These leaves contain beneficial compounds like antimicrobials, antioxidants, and anticancer properties. This study aims to investigate how betel leaf essential oil (BLEO) can act as a preservative for orange, grape, watermelon, and sugarcane juices. To make sure BLEO doesn't affect the taste, a sensory study was done using fuzzy logic analysis to determine the right concentration. Physicochemical and microbial properties in control and BLEO-treated juices were evaluated at weeks 0 and 2. Results showed that the addition of BLEO in fruit juices yielded a significant reduction in microbial populations, in total plate count and yeast and mold count. The decrease in free radical scavenging activity observed in BLEO-treated juices was comparatively less pronounced than in the control. GC-MS analysis has identified the bioactive compounds present in BLEO, revealing high concentrations of bioactive compounds. The observation of the study demonstrates the remarkable potential of BLEO to serve as a natural preservative in a diverse range of fruit juices. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-024-05963-9.

Food wastes as a potential hotspot of antibiotic resistance: synergistic expression of multidrug resistance and ESBL genes confer antibiotic resistance to microbial communities.

This study investigated antibiotic resistance (ABR) and extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) patterns in bacterial isolates collected from the dairy, hotel, meat, and canteen food waste samples. A total of 144 bacterial strains were collected and screened for resistance against 9 standard antibiotics belonging to three generations and ESBL production. The ABR profile of the bacterial isolates was observed against all four major antibiotic groups (aminoglycosides, ß-lactams, quinolone, and others), where resistance against cefotaxime (> 70%) and methicillin (> 50%) was high. Though the ABR pattern of strains from dairy waste (> 50%) was high against first-generation antibiotics, the strains from meat waste (> 50%) showed considerable resistance against second- and third-generation antibiotics. ESBL-producing isolates were screened (> 60%, n = 144) through primary identification tests (combined disk test and double disk synergy tests) and further confirmed through Hexa G-minus 23 and 24 and MIC E-stripe following CLSI guidelines. Genes conferring ESBL resistance blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaTEM, blaKPC genes and multidrug resistance (MDR) mexF gene were detected in the selected isolates with ABR and ESBL traits. Isolates with multidrug ABR and ESBL phenotype were further genotypically identified through 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. The synergy of ABR was detected through the co-expression of ESBL and MDR in isolates with a high occurrence of ABR and ESBL. The results demonstrate the significance of food waste as a natural reservoir of ABR and ESBL-producing pathogens, highlighting the importance of resistance monitoring and its interventions.

Antibiotic resistance profiling and valorization of food waste streams to starter culture biomass and exopolysaccharides through fed-batch fermentations.

The present study evaluated antibiotic resistance (ABR) in bacteria isolated from different food wastes viz., meat slaughterhouses, dairy and restaurants. About 120 strains isolated from the food waste were subjected to ABR screening. More than 50% of all the strains were resistant to Vancomycin, Neomycin and Methicilin, which belong to third-generation antibiotics. Two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) free of ABR were chosen to be used as starter cultures in media formulated from food waste. Food waste combination (FWC-4) was found to be on par with the nutrient broth in biomass production. The non-ABR LAB strains showed excellent probiotic properties, and in the fed-batch fermentation process, adding a nitrogen source (soya protein) enhanced the microbial biomass (3.7 g/l). Additionally, exopolysaccharide production was found to be 2.3 g/l. This study highlights the ABR incidence in food waste medium and its economic advantage for starter culture biomass production. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01222-9.

Comprehensive Review on Banana Fruit Allergy: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Management, and Potential Modification of Allergens through Food Processing.

The pulp of the banana fruit is rich in bioactive compounds like dietary fibers, low glycemic carbohydrates, natural sugars, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. These beneficial compounds are responsible for the proper functioning of immune system and enhance prevention against various deadly diseases like cancer, diabetes and heart diseases. Despite having, positive effects, the fruit are recognized as an important source for causing allergy to 0.6% of people in general population and up to 67 and 46% for people with asthma or atopic dermatitis. Fruit allergy is one of the most common food allergies witnessed worldwide. Banana fruit allergy results from the abnormal immune response to the banana proteins soon after its consumption. Symptoms range from oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to the life-threatening anaphylaxis. IgE reactivity of banana is associated with different proteins of which six proteins have been identified as major allergens, viz., Mus a1 (Profilin-actin binding protein), Mus a 2 (Class 1 chitinase), Mus a 3 (Nonspecific lipid transfer protein), Mus a 4 (Thaumatin like protein), Mus a 5 (Beta 1,3 glucanase) and Mus a 6 (Ascorbate peroxidase). This review focuses on pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and different food processing methods to mitigate the allergenicity of banana fruit.

Biogenic corrosion inhibitor on mild steel protection in concentrated HCl medium.

Turbinaria ornata (TO) extract was tested as green corrosion inhibitor on mild steel (MS) coupons in conc. HCl medium with an efficiency of 100% at 25 g l-1 during 5 min exposure. Antibacterial efficacy performed against 16 S rDNA identified marine biofilming bacteria (MBB) and human pathogenic bacteria (HPB). Maximum inhibition growth was 16 mm on MBB observed in Bacillus megaterium (MBF14 - AB894827) and 20 mm on HPB in Escherichia coli (B5 - NCIM 2931). Similarly, minimum of 10 mm on MBB witnessed in Pseudomonas sp., (MBF9 - AB894829). Toxicity studies proved 50.0% LC50 at 500 µg ml-1 in 24 hrs, whereas Balanus amphitrite resulted in 100% mortality within 12 hrs. Results including weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, FT-IR and GC-MS confirm 10-Octadecaonic acid as a major corrosion inhibitor from T. ornata and is discovered as a novel antifoulant. Anticorrosion formulation will become available soon.

Multi metal assessment on biofilm formation in offshore environment.

Eight metal and non-metal coupons were exposed to seawater in offshore platform laboratory on biofilm formation in seven days of every month interval time for one year period. Among metal coupons, the highest mean heterotrophic biofilm bacteria population (HBBP) ranges were observed in mild steel (MS) coupon (33.03 to 40.00 [×104] CFUscm-2) and lowest in copper (Cu) coupon (3.0 to 5.1 [×104] CFUscm-2). Non-metal coupons show, highest mean HBBP ranges in glass (GL) coupon (29.6 to 66.0 [×104] CFUscm-2) and lowest in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coupon (34.4 to 52.5 [×104] CFUscm-2). Within the studied coupons, high HBBP level was witnessed in GL and simultaneously low in Cu due to its toxic leaching product of Cu2O. Gram-positive bacterial deposit show dominated trend in all coupons with increasing order of Cu>SS>MS>PVC>GL>Cu-Ni 70/30>Cu-Ni 90/10>Br and Gram-negative show different in the order of Br>Cu-Ni 90/10>Cu-Ni 70/30>GL>PVC>MS>SS>Cu, respectively. The 16S rDNA sequence confirmed, heterotrophic biofilm Bacillus sp. (Gram-positive) were dominated in all coupons for all months.

Antifouling assessments on biogenic nanoparticles: A field study from polluted offshore platform.

Turbinaria ornata mediated silver nanoparticles (TOAg-NPs) were evaluated for antibacterial activity against 15 biofilm forming bacterial isolates. A field study in natural seawater for 60 days showed antifouling activity of TOAg-NPs on stainless steel coupons (SS-304) coated with Apcomin zinc chrome (AZC) primer. Though TOAg-NPs showed broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, the maximum zone of inhibition was with Escherichiacoli (71.9%) and a minimum with Micrococcus sp. (40%) due to the EPS secretion from Gram-positive bacteria. Compared to control coupons (18.9 [ × 10(3)], 67.0 [× 10(3)], 13.5 [ × 10(4)] and 24.7 [ × 10(4)]CFU/cm(2)), experimental biocide coupons (71.0 [ × 10(2)], 32.0 [ × 10(3)], 82.0 [ × 10(3)] and 11.3 [ × 10(4)]CFU/cm(2)) displayed lesser bacterial population density. Toxicity studies revealed 100% mortality for Balanus amphitrite larvae at 250 µg ml(-1) concentration within 24h, while 56.6% recorded for Artemia marina at the same concentration indicating less toxicity to non target species. It proved that AZC+TOAg-NPs prevent biofouling by its Ag-NS affinity and antimicrobial effectivity.