RESUMEN
Control or eradication of exotic species is one of the greatest challenges facing biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) were released and became feral in the southern region of Chilean Tierra del Fuego Island in the 1900s. Currently, they inhabit part of Karukinka Natural Park, an area of global conservation concern. To gain insight into the control of this invasive species, we analyzed genetic variation in the mitochondrial DNA control region to determine the origin and population subdivision of feral pigs in Tierra del Fuego. Sequences from a sample of 42 feral pigs, 10 domestic pigs from local farms, and references from other countries and commercial breeds revealed 2 highly differentiated populations, 1 in the western and the other in the eastern area of the park, each harboring a different haplotype, suggesting no connectivity between populations. Comparison of these haplotypes with reference sequences from other countries and commercial breeds indicated that feral pigs from Chilean Tierra del Fuego are of European origin, very likely from 2 separate introduction events. The haplotype found in the western feral population was also identified in domestic pigs from a farm. This raises concerns regarding the possible connectivity between stocks from local farms and the wild population. Based on these results, we recommend the development of strategies for controlling the population of this invasive species in Karukinka Natural Park.
Asunto(s)
Animales Salvajes/genética , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Mitocondrias/genética , Sus scrofa/genética , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Biodiversidad , Chile , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Ecosistema , Femenino , Variación Genética/genética , Haplotipos/genética , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare European wild boar (Sus scrofa) with chromosomal number 2n=36 to phenotypically similar animals with 2n=37 and 2n=38 chromosomes (crossbreeds) with respect to fatty acid (FA) profile and cholesterol content. According to gender and genetic group (2n=36, 2n=37, and 2n=38; seven animals each), the FA profile in longissimusdorsi (LD), semimembranosus (SM) muscles, and back fat was measured. Cholesterol content of LD and SM muscles was also analysed. The animals were fed and reared under the same conditions until slaughter at the age of nine months. FA profiles of LD, SM, and back fat were measured by GC and cholesterol with HPTLC. SM muscle of wild boar group (2n=36) showed a higher proportion of PUFAs and lower C16:0 and C18:0 than that of crossbreeds. No differences in the FA profiles of LD and cholesterol content of LD and SM muscles among karyotypes were found.
RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare wild boar (chromosomal number 2n=36) to phenotypically similar animals of 2n=37 and 2n=38 chromosomes (crossbreeds) with respect to live weight, carcass yield, meat yield, fat and weight of inner organs. All animals were born and raised on the same farm and slaughtered at 39 weeks. The final live weight of wild boar 2n=36 was significantly lower (47.2kg) as compared to crossbreeds (80.0kg). Animals 2n=36 had more carcass yields (65.5%) than 2n=37 karyotype (64.9%) and 2n=38 (64.4%). Wild boar had the highest yields for the cuts with bones and boneless cuts compared to crossbreeds. Therefore, variations in karyotype are accompanied by differences in some carcass quantitative traits, i.e., 2n=36 grow and fatten slower than crossbreeds 2n=37 and 2n=38.
RESUMEN
A study on gastrointestinal parasitism in wild chilean partridges (Nothoprocta perdicaria) in the Nuble province (Chile) determined that 75% of birds were infected. The species Capillaria caudinflata, Subulura suctoria, Aploparaksis tinamoui and oocysts of Eimeria sp. were observed.