[Bone mineral density in some lung diseases]. / Sostoianie mineral'noi plotnosti kostnoi tkani pri nekotorykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

Bone mineral density (BMD) was studied in 93 patients, including 24 patients with nonspecific lung diseases (NLD), 20 with sarcoidosis, 23 with cancer, and 26 with tuberculosis. Among the patients from different groups, the most profound BMD changes were recorded in those with lung cancer. As compared with other groups, the patients of this group were elder and accordingly had many concomitant diseases, which was likely to affect the status of BMD. BMD changes were more marked in patients with tuberculosis than in those of the same age who had NLD and sarcoidosis. All the patients were found to risk factors of osteoporosis, such as alcohol abuse and smoking. The patients with sarcoidosis displayed less pronounced BMD changes, although they did not differ in age from patients with tuberculosis and NLD. Furthermore, women at the highest risk of osteoporosis were prevalent.

[Secretory activity of atrial cardiomyocytes in adrenaline myocardiodystrophy]. / Sekretornaia aktivnost' predserdnykh kardiomiotsitov pri adrenalinovoi miokardiodistrofii.

Ultrastructure of atrial cardiomyocytes in adrenalin myocardiodystrophy was studied in white rat experiments. Morphometrically, there was a reduced number of mitochondria and secretory granules in the atrial muscular cells, space characteristics of cardiomyocytes and their nuclei increased. The above rearrangement of the atrial cardiomyocytes indicates that adrenalin myocardiodystrophy is associated with a decline in synthetic and secretory function of the test cardiac muscular cells.

[The correction of the hepatotoxicity of antitubercular preparations with tocopherol acetate and riboxin]. / Korrektsiia gepatotoksichnosti protivotuberkuleznykh preparatov tokoferola atsetatom i riboksinom.

It has been established in experiments on white rats that prolonged (for 2 weeks) intoxication with antituberculous drugs (isoniazid plus rifampicin plus pyrazinamide) results in cytolytic liver injury. This manifests by hyperaminotransferasemia, initiation of lipid peroxidation, suppression of the antioxidant system and bile production. Daily injections of tocopherol acetate (15 mg/kg) and riboxine (100 mg/kg) together with administration of antituberculous drugs reduce their hepatotoxicity. The combined use of these hepatoprotectors and antioxidants provides a dramatic increase of their efficacy in durable intoxication with antituberculous drugs.

[Effectiveness of tocopherol and anti-hypoxic agents in liver damage caused by antitubercular agents]. / Effektivnost' tokoferola i antigipoksantov pri porazhenii pecheni protivotuberkuleznymi preparatami.

Two-week administration of isoniazid, rifampicin (50 mg/kg and pyrazinamide (1,5 g/kg) to white rats brings about liver affection characterized by a higher activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, lipid peroxidation activation and bile production inhibition. With the liver affected by antituberculous drugs, protective action is provided by acetate tocopherol an antioxidant, and piracetam riboxin and pyriditol, antihypoxic agents.

[Clinical and laboratory studies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated with pyrazinamide]. / Klinicheskie i laboratornye issledovaniia u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh, lechennykh pirazinamidom.

Different combinations of tuberculostatic drugs containing pyrazinamide were prescribed to 144 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. In 3 months of treatment, bacterial excretion was observed in 89.7% of newly diagnosed patients and in 59% of cases with chronic forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Side effects due to pyrazinamide were registered in 16.8% of the patients. In 2-3 months of therapy there were no differences traced in the condition of the liver, lipoid peroxidation or antioxidative activity as well as in a number of immunologic indices both in subjects receiving different combinations of antituberculous drugs, containing pyrazinamide, and in the control group of patients untreated with the drug.

[Comparative characterization of the hepatotoxicity of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika gepatotoksichnosti izoniazida, rifampitsina i pirazinamida.

In experiments of rats it was established that administration of isoniazid and rifampicin in equimolecular doses (50 and 250 mg/kg) for 14 days increased the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum, enhanced lipid peroxidation in hepatocytic membranes, caused significant disturbances of bile excretion. Pyrazinamide administered in an equimolecular dose (45 mg/kg) moderately suppresses bile excretion and exerts no effect on the activity of the liver enzymes in the serum and the level of lipid peroxidation.

[Hepatotoxic effect of a combination of pyrazinamide with isoniazid and rifampicin]. / O gepatotoksicheskom deistvii sochetanii pirazinamida s izoniazidom i rifampitsinom.

Experiments on rats showed that 14-day exposure of the animals to pyrazinamide in a dose of 1.5 g/kg induced marked disorders in cholopoiesis and lowering of the reduced glutathion levels in the liver. When pyrazinamide was used in combination with isoniazid or rifampicin a marked increase in the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in blood serum and induction of lipid peroxidation in the liver were observed in addition to the disorders in cholopoiesis and lowering of the reduced glutathion levels. Combined use of pyraxinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin induced disorders in the liver state not differing significantly from those observed with using pyrazinamide in combination with isoniazid or rifampicin.