Chemical composition and cardiotropic activity of Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f. is a subshrub that is widely distributed in China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The species is used in traditional medicine for the relief of symptoms connected to cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease or hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY: was to validate traditional use of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana for the treatment of coronary hearth diseases using in vivo models and to find active compounds responsible for the activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiple extracts were obtained from the aerial parts of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana using maceration, liquid-liquid extraction, CO2 extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Preliminary screening studies for the evaluation of the efficacy of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana extracts on the model of hemic hypoxia were performed. The most effective samples were selected and included in the main study. Stage 2 of the study evaluated the cardiotropic activity of the selected extracts on a model of chronic heart failure. Preparations were administered to animals intragastrically once a day for 28 days. For the isolation of individual compounds plant material was extracted with 96% ethanol. The obtained crude extract was sequentially extracted with n-hexane and dichloromethane and separated by chromatography on a Diaion HP-20 column. The obtained fractions were further subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and eluted isocratically with 96% ethanol (EtOH) to yield subfractions, which were further separated by preparative HPLC to obtain 13 individual compounds. RESULTS: Extracts obtained from Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f. herb were subjected to pharmacological screening for the evaluation of their efficacy on hemic hypoxia. Based on the obtained results, out of the sixteen tested extracts two (AR and US 60%) were selected for further evaluation of their cardiotropic activity. Modeling of chronic heart failure was carried out in accordance with the following stages: 1) anesthesia with chloral hydrate at a dose of 450 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, 2) artificial ventilation of the lungs, 3) thoracotomy, 4) modeling of permanent ischemic or ischemic-reperfusion damage. Both extracts effected the indicators of contraction and output, comparable to the reference drug - Monopril. Based on the extraction methods used to obtain RAF and US60 and data from the literature, it can be assumed that they contain compounds with medium polarity, including polyphenols and terpenoids. At the next stage three previously undescribed monoterpenoid derivatives - Ziziphoric acid (1), Ziziphoroside D (2) and 6'-malonylziziphoroside A (3), along with two previously described megastigmane glucosides - blumenol C glucoside (4), blumenol C 9-O-(6'-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5) and two previously described monoterpenoids 7a-hydroxymintlactone (6), 7-hydroxypiperitone (7) together with six polyphenols - pinocembrine-7-O-rutinoside (8), chrysine-7-O-rutinoside (9), acacetin-7-O-rutinoside (10), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (11), rutin (12) and rosmarinic acid (13) were isolated from Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana extracts. CONCLUSION: Our results support the traditional use of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana for the treatment of coronary diseases. As a result of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana extracts screening in vivo, two extracts were selected as potential cardiotropic agents. Phytochemical analysis of the plant material led to the isolation of five terpenoid derivatives, two megastigmane glycosides, five flavonoids and one cinnamic acid derivative, which could be responsible for the reported biological activity. Future experiments are required to understand the mechanisms of action for the isolated compounds.

Diminished electron density in the Vaska-type rhodium(I) complex trans-[Rh(NCBH3)(CO)(PPh3)2].

Vaska-type complexes, i.e. trans-[RhX(CO)(PPh3)2] (X is a halogen or pseudohalogen), undergo a range of reactions and exhibit considerable catalytic activity. The electron density on the Rh(I) atom in these complexes plays an important role in their reactivity. Many cyanotrihydridoborate (BH3CN(-)) complexes of Group 6-8 transition metals have been synthesized and structurally characterized, an exception being the rhodium(I) complex. Carbonyl(cyanotrihydridoborato-κN)bis(triphenylphosphine-κP)rhodium(I), [Rh(NCBH3)(CO)(C18H15P)2], was prepared by the metathesis reaction of sodium cyanotrihydridoborate with trans-[RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2], and was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and IR, (1)H, (13)C and (11)B NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction data indicate that the cyanotrihydridoborate ligand coordinates to the Rh(I) atom through the N atom in a trans position with respect to the carbonyl ligand; this was also confirmed by the IR and NMR data. The carbonyl stretching frequency ν(CO) and the carbonyl carbon (1)JC-Rh and (1)JC-P coupling constants of the Cipso atoms of the triphenylphosphine groups reflect the diminished electron density on the central Rh(I) atom compared to the parent trans-[RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2] complex.

Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of alkali metal vapor interaction with alkene-based anti-relaxation coating.

The use of anti-relaxation coatings in alkali vapor cells yields substantial performance improvements compared to a bare glass surface by reducing the probability of spin relaxation in wall collisions by several orders of magnitude. Some of the most effective anti-relaxation coating materials are alpha-olefins, which (as in the case of more traditional paraffin coatings) must undergo a curing period after cell manufacturing in order to achieve the desired behavior. Until now, however, it has been unclear what physicochemical processes occur during cell curing, and how they may affect relevant cell properties. We present the results of nondestructive Raman-spectroscopy and magnetic-resonance investigations of the influence of alkali metal vapor (Cs or K) on an alpha-olefin, 1-nonadecene coating the inner surface of a glass cell. It was found that during the curing process, the alkali metal catalyzes migration of the carbon-carbon double bond, yielding a mixture of cis- and trans-2-nonadecene.

Time course of cell proliferation in rat liver in the early postnatal ontogeny and role of epidermal growth factor in organization of proliferative regimen.

Circadian rhythm of DNA synthesis, mitotic activity, and duration of mitosis in rat liver were studied on days 3, 7, and 12 of life. Age-associated differences in the rhythmic parameters of these characteristics were detected. Epidermal growth factor plays an important role in the formation of cell proliferation rhythm in the early postnatal ontogeny and in the formation of proliferative hepatocyte pool.

Diurnal dynamics of cell proliferation in rat liver during early postnatal ontogeny and effect of epidermal growth factor on hepatocyte proliferative activity.

Circadian rhythms of DNA synthesis, mitotic activity, and duration of mitosis in rat liver were studied on postnatal days 3, 7, and 12. Some age-related peculiarities of these rhythms were revealed. Epidermal growth factor was found to play an important role in the formation of cell proliferation rhythm during the early postnatal ontogeny and in the regulation of the pool of proliferating hepatocytes.

[Ozone therapy in treatment of local sluggish suppurative inflammation of maxillofacial soft tissues]. / Kompleksnaia ozonoterapiia ogranichennogo vialotekushchego gnoinogo vospaleniia miagkikh tkanei cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Combined local and general ozone therapy was used in 30 patients with local sluggish pyoinflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial soft tissues. The results were compared to those in 33 patients administered no ozone therapy. Ozone therapy decreased the duration of treatment more than 2-fold due to antibacterial effect and stimulation of nonspecific and immunological reactivity. Lack of obvious contraindications and selective activity and universal immunocorrective effect recommend ozone therapy for wide use in this patient population irrespective of the type of inflammatory reaction.

[Role of phagocytosis activation in the mechanism of therapeutic effect of medical ozone in patients with sluggish purulent inflammations of maxillofacial soft tissues]. / Rol' aktivatsii fagotsitoza v mekhanizme lechebnogo deistviia meditsinskogo ozona u bol'nykh s vialotekushchimi gnoinymi vospalitel'nymi protsessami miagkikh tkanei cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Sixty-three patients with local sluggish suppurative inflammations of maxillofacial soft tissues were examined. Medical ozone was added to the treatment protocols of 30 of these patients. Before treatment peripheral blood leukocyte phagocytic activity was decreased in 54 patients, which corresponded to clinical form of a sluggish inflammation. Traditional therapy did not appreciably change the level of phagocytosis. Addition of medical ozone exposure to therapy promoted normalization of leukocyte phagocytic activity and accelerated liquidation of inflammation.

[The characteristics of the geroprotective action of magnetotherapy in elderly patients with combined cardiovascular pathology]. / Osobennosti geroprotektornogo deistviia magnitoterapii u pozhilykh bol'nykh s sochetannoi serdechno-sosudistoi patologiei.

Central hemodynamics, diastolic and pumping functions of the heart, myocardial reactivity, microcirculation and biological age of cardiovascular system were studied in 66 elderly patients suffering from hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The patients received systemic magnetotherapy which produced a geroprotective effect as shown by improved microcirculation, myocardial reactivity, central hemodynamics reducing biological age of cardiovascular system and inhibiting its ageing.

[Study of hydrogen bonds in the "catalytic triad" of trypsin by NMR spectra at 1H, 13C, and 15N nuclei]. / Issledovanie vodorodnykh sviazei v "kataliticheskoi triade" tripsina po spektram IaMR na iadrakh 1H, 13C, i 15N.

The 1H and 13C NMR of trypsin stabilized by chemical modification with a hydrophilic polymer have been obtained in a wide range of pH (1.0-11.0). The spectral features referred to some nuclei of the "catalytic triad" have been identified using different NMR techniques as well as chemical modification with selective reagents. It was found that the monoprotonation of this system results in a quasi-symmetrical hydrogen bond formed between the basic groups which provided explanation for the discrepancies between the experimental findings obtained by different authors concerning the protonation site in this catalytic system. Simulation of the catalytic triad by a 15N-labelled low molecular model suggests that an increase in the OH-group acidity is unaccompanied by a discrete double proton transfer; however, a smooth shift of the bridging protons from one basic atom to another occurs with quasi-symmetrical hydrogen bonds formed in intermediate cases. On the basis of experimental data a new concept has been proposed for the mechanism of acid-base catalysis performed by pains of weak basic groups, such as His-Im and Asp(Glu)-COO- (pKa = 3-7) which are not capable of proton abstraction from alcoholic or water OH-groups (pKa > 13). The catalysis may consist in changing the charge densities on the reacting groups due to strong H-bonding and, on the other hand, in facilitating the free movement of a proton in the field of several basic atoms when going along the reaction coordinate. The energy of very strong hydrogen bonds thus formed diminishes the activation energy of the reaction.

[Integration of tissue-specific inhibitors and thyroid hormones in the regulation of proliferation of gastric gland epithelial cells]. / Integratsiia tkanespetsificheskikh ingibitorov i tireoidnykh gormonov v reguliatsii proliferatsii kletok épiteliia zhelez zheludka.

G1- and G2-chalone effects of pig's stomach mucosa extract were registered in mice stomach gland epithelium. The inhibitory activity of chalones on cell's proliferation reduced following increased level of thyroid hormones. Local (chalones) and organism (thyroid hormones) factors cooperate in control of gland epithelial cell proliferation.

[Thyroid hormones in the regulation of the proliferation of epithelial cells of the stomach gland]. / Tireoidnye gormony v reguliatsii proliferatsii épitelial'nykh kletok zhelez zheludka.

The control effects of thyroid hormones were registered in mice stomach gland epithelium. The growth fraction, rhythm, activity of proliferation changed differently in fundal and pyloric epithelium following increased level of thyroid hormones.

[Incorporation of the ampicillin resistance transposon into the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome and into plasmids]. / Vstraivanie transpozona ustoichivosti k ampitsillinu v khromosomu Escherichia coli K-12 i plazmidy.

The mutant pEG1 of R-factor RP4 with temperature-sensitive defect in replication, carrying a transposable ampicillin resistance element Tn1 was used to define the frequency of insertion of this element into Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome and some other plasmids. Our results indicate that the frequency of colony forming by bacteria with pEG1-factor on ampicillin medium in non-permissive conditions corresponds to the frequency of Tn1 insertion into bacterial chromosome or some other plasmid (in case when the strains are carrying a second plasmid). The frequency of Tn1 insertion into the chromosome is about 4.10(-4). The defect in recA gene produce no serious change in the frequency of Tn1 insertion into the bacterial chromosome. The translocation of Tn1 element from pEG1-factor to R483, R6 and ColE1 plasmids occurs at 10 to 100-fold-higher frequency than from the plasmid to the chromosome. The insertion of Tn1 into the F'-factor KLF10 and R-factor R64-11 occurs at far lower frequency than that to plasmids R6, R483, or ColE1.