Associations between hospital organizational features, person-centred care and nurse-sensitive outcomes for persons with dementia in acute care: A systematic literature review.

AIM(S): The aim of this systematic literature review was to determine the extent and quality of quantitative evidence regarding associations between hospital organizational features, person-centred care (PCC) and nursing-sensitive outcomes among persons with dementia in the acute care setting. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: Key terms were utilized to guide searches in four databases. The two reviewers deduplicated articles and came to a consensus for the final sample using inclusion and exclusion criteria. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE/OVID, CINHAL, COCHRANE and WEB OF SCIENCE. RESULTS: There were 10 studies included. PCC was associated with better outcomes for persons with dementia (i.e. decreased restraint use, decreased length of stay, increased involvement with families and the patient, and increased nurse confidence and competence in caring for this population). Of the studies, none explicitly identified an association between nursing-sensitive outcomes, PCC and hospital organizational features in the acute care setting among persons with dementia. CONCLUSION: This review highlights a clinically significant gap in knowledge regarding associations between hospital organizational features, PCC and nursing sensitive outcomes. The impact of face-to-face dementia competency training as a standard practice among acute care facilities, the importance of leadership engagement, support and involvement to improve nurse confidence and competence in caring for persons with dementia needs to be explored. IMPACT STATEMENT: These findings support future research to understand the relationship between organization features and patient-centred care and how these collectively impact nursing-sensitive outcomes, specifically in persons with dementia in acute care settings.

"They're scared that somebody's gonna judge them": Female African American youth in foster care's perspectives on sexual and reproductive health communication with caregivers.

BACKGROUND: Obtaining accurate information is critical for youth's sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Youth not in foster care often learn about SRH from their biological parents. Separated from their biological parents, youth in care depend on healthcare providers and caregivers for SRH information. However, they often receive insufficient information and feel unsupported in meeting their needs for SRH information. PURPOSE: This study explored female African American adolescents in foster care's perspectives on effective SRH communication with caregivers to help them avoid sexual risks. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. We used purposive sampling to recruit 16 adolescents aged 18 to 20 years old with a history of foster care placement. The transcribed interviews underwent inductive thematic analysis. The Positive Youth Development theory underpinned this research. RESULTS: Two prominent themes emerged: establishing a relationship and preferred communication approach. Youth reported that for caregivers to engage in effective SRH communication, they must first establish a relationship by being aware of the youth's childhood trauma, building trust, having patience, and being vulnerable. Youth also appreciated caregivers who ensured comfortability and were honest and straightforward. DISCUSSION: Caregivers should be trained on adverse childhood experiences, trauma-informed approaches, SRH knowledge, and communication. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE: Healthcare providers should make use of the time spent with youth and discuss SRH topics during clinical encounters. This time spent with youth may be their only chance to obtain accurate SRH information. Youth's perspectives regarding communication about SRH should be implemented in future SRH communication interventions.

Rural hospital and obstetric unit closures as social determinants of racial and ethnic maternal health disparities: A scoping review.

AIMS: To synthesize literature examining (1) rural hospital or obstetric unit closures as a social determinant of maternal/infant health outcomes and (2) closures as a social determinant of racial/ethnic disparities in maternal/infant health outcomes. DESIGN: Scoping review. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, OVID/Embase and CINAHL were searched systematically to identify sources from 31 July 2003 to 31 July 2023. The Arksey and O'Malley methodology for scoping reviews was used. RESULTS: Four studies from the United States and Australia documented the impact of rural hospital or obstetric unit closures on maternal/infant health outcomes, such as increased births in hospitals without obstetric units, out-of-hospital births or babies born before arrival, preterm birth, infant mortality and sociocultural risks that contribute to clinical risk. No eligible studies investigated hospital or obstetric unit closure as a social determinant of racial disparities in rural maternal/infant health outcomes. CONCLUSION: Despite significant racial and ethnic rural maternal health disparities, associations between rural closures and maternal health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities are understudied. More research is needed to understand the extent to which rural closures, a social determinant of health, could disproportionately, negatively affect the health of racially and ethnically minoritized women. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: Rural women have a greater risk of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity compared with urban women, and the impact of rural closures on racial and ethnic maternal health disparities is not well documented. Research about the impact of rural closures on maternal health disparities could inform policy to assure essential obstetric care is available for rural populations globally. IMPACT: Findings provide a call to action for research to understand relationships between rural closures and racial and ethnic maternal health disparities, which is especially important for serving rural Non-Hispanic Black and American Indian/Alaska Native women. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

'Jumping through hoops': A metaphor for early career nurse researchers' experiences and resilience building as international collaborators.

AIM: To present and discuss our experiences of learning how to establish and maintain an international collaboration as early career nurse researchers residing in the United States and Australia. BACKGROUND: International research collaborations require additional startup time given the complexities of navigating cultural differences, obtaining ethics committee approvals in different countries and collecting human subject data. International collaborations may be daunting for early career researchers given their inexperience and pragmatic focus on research projects that lead to outputs achievable on short timelines for career advancement. DESIGN: Discussion paper. DATA SOURCES: Evidence from international literature about global collaborations across numerous disciplines, including potential factors that could facilitate or constrain early career researcher efforts to engage in international collaborations, were combined with authors' lived experiences as early career researchers. DISCUSSION: Our collaboration began in July 2022 through a professional introduction spurred by a call for applications to fund global nursing education collaborations. Interpersonal, logistical and organizational factors played a role in our lived experiences of beginning an international collaboration. Our experiences are consistent with published literature about the time and complexity involved in conducting international research. CONCLUSION: Investing time building interpersonal relationships strengthens international research and supports collaborative learning and intercultural understanding. These professional relationships can be built over time to develop significant bodies of research with international impact. Early career researchers need to be resilient, persistent and tenacious as they 'jump through hoops' to establish international research collaborations. IMPACT: Building relationships during international research collaborations supports collaborative learning for intercultural understanding and strengthens research to address emerging global problems. International nursing research collaborations could encourage greater curiosity, innovative ideas and solutions to international problems that could not be achieved in isolation. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: There was no patient or public involvement in the design and development of this paper.

Online prelicensure nursing students' experiences of academic incivility during COVID-19: A qualitative inquiry.

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe online prelicensure nursing students' experiences of incivility during COVID-19. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive. Five optional open-ended questions were presented to nursing students to share their experiences with incivility during the pandemic. METHODS: Data were collected from September to October 2020 as a part of a larger multimethod study on stress, resilience and incivility with nursing students and faculty (n = 710) from a large public undergraduate nursing programme in the southwestern United States. Out of the initial 675 students who completed the survey, 260 individuals responded to three or more of the open-ended questions which were reviewed and coded using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen themes were organized into four analytical categories: (1) experiencing incivility, (2) causes and consequences of incivility, (3) the pandemic and academic incivility and (4) promoting civility in the academic setting. CONCLUSIONS: Prelicensure nursing students perceived unrealistic expectations, a lack of awareness and miscommunication hindered academic performance, as well as, created feelings of stress, discouragement and inadequacy. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Fostering academic civility during virtual educational experiences may require training in proper coping strategies when challenged with incivility. IMPACT: As the body of research emerges concerning the effects of COVID-19 and undergraduate nursing education, understanding prelicensure students' experiences of academic incivility could prove to be beneficial to designing strategies co-created with students to promote positive educational outcomes. Understanding students' viewpoints of uncivil experiences revealed prioritizing civility awareness is essential in creating healthy academic environments, improving clinical performance and providing safe patient care. REPORTING METHOD: The COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) checklist was used. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

The Association of Missed Nursing Care With Very Low Birthweight Infant Outcomes.

The health outcomes of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) may be jeopardized when required nursing care is missed. This correlational study is the first to look at the association between missed nursing care and mortality, morbidity, and length of stay (LOS) for VLBW infants in a U.S. NICU sample. We used 2016 hospital administrative discharge abstracts for VLBW newborns (n = 7,595) and NICU registered nurse survey responses (n = 6,963) from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators. The 190 sample hospitals were from 19 states in all regions. Missed clinical nursing care was significantly associated with higher odds of bloodstream infection and longer LOS, but not mortality or severe intraventricular hemorrhage. With further research, these results may motivate the development of interventions to reduce missed clinical nursing care in the NICU.

Effects of an internet-delivered insomnia intervention for older adults: A secondary analysis on symptoms of depression and anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: To test whether an Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) program for older adults attenuates symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS: Adults aged ≥ 55 with insomnia were randomized to SHUTi-OASIS (Sleep Healthy Using the Internet for Older Adult Sufferers of Insomnia and Sleeplessness; N = 207) or Patient Education (PE; N = 104). Depression and anxiety were assessed (HADS-D and HADS-A, respectively) at baseline, post-assessment, and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: Multilevel modeling of HADS-D showed a condition by time interaction (F[3,779] = 3.23, p = .02): SHUTi-OASIS participants reported lower symptoms than PE at post-assessment. There was no such interaction effect for HADS-A (F[3,779] = 2.12, p = .10). Generalized linear modeling showed no moderation of effects by baseline symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: Participants randomized to Internet-delivered CBT-I showed stable depression and anxiety across time, while control participants' depressive symptoms briefly increased. CBT-I may help prevent development or worsening of psychological distress among older adults with insomnia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: [Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier removed for anonymity].

"It's not right": Nurse perspectives on rural hospital closures: A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE(S): Despite providing lifesaving care, 106 rural hospitals have closed in the United States since 2010. Although the role of rural hospital nursing is central, limited information is available about closures from a nursing lens. The purpose was to describe rural hospital closure contributors, processes, and outcomes from the perspective of licensed rural nurses in a hospital during its closure. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study used a retrospective, qualitative design grounded in subjective epistemology. SAMPLE: Purposive, snowball sampling was used to recruit ten participants from two rural hospitals that closed in Texas between 2014-2015. Sample size was sufficient and comparable to prior rural nursing research. MEASUREMENTS: Between July 2020 and February 2021, participants completed online demographic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Thematic analysis yielded six themes and 16 subthemes. The themes are presented in three main components: pre-closure, closure process and dynamics, and closure impacts. According to nurses, pre-closure contextual factors can influence closure dynamics. Nurses also reported perceived long-term impacts after closure. CONCLUSION: Beyond financial explanations, community politics and organizational characteristics can contribute to rural closure processes and outcomes from the nursing lens. Policies are needed to address modifiable factors contributing to closures and to create sustainable rural care models.

Association of stress, resilience, and nursing student incivility during COVID-19.

Although incivility in nursing education is linked with negative physical and psychological effects on students, it is unclear how resilience and stress interact and relate to student incivility. The purpose was to understand the role of resilience and stress with peer incivility in a sample of prelicensure nursing students during coronavirus disease 2019. The study design was cross-sectional and correlational. Data were from an online survey administered to undergraduate nursing students of one college of nursing in a southwestern US state during September-October 2020. In a sample of 490 students, ordinal regression model results supported that including a stress and resilience interaction term resulted in a nonsignificant effect of stress and resilience, as the main effect correlates on low-level uncivil student behavior. More research is needed to understand the prevalence of stress and resilience at different points in prelicensure nursing education so that targeted interventions can be developed and deployed to assist students.

South African university women's perspectives on intimate partner violence: a qualitative study of reactions to a tailored vignette.

Intimate partner violence is an ongoing issue in South Africa, which has the highest rates of violence against women and girls in the world. Intimate partner violence is common in Limpopo, where women, including university students, experience elevated rates of violent crime. This qualitative study was conducted to examine university students' perspectives regarding intimate partner violence among their peers. A culturally tailored vignette was used to prompt reflection from 38 female university students in Limpopo. Audiotaped responses to the vignette were transcribed, coded and analysed using thematic analysis. Four main themes were developed from participants' responses to the vignette: cultural beliefs, the university's role in intimate partner violence, likely outcomes of intimate partner violence, and future interventions. Intimate partner violence was seen as a common problem within the university. Students' responses indicated that cultural beliefs perpetuated violence against women, with women entering and remaining in abusive relationships for financial security or resources such as housing. Students also reported lack of adequate on-campus housing options, limited knowledge of intimate partner violence, and few actions to reduce intimate partner violence, all of which placed then at heightened risk of intimate partner violence.

Hospital nurses' moral distress and mental health during COVID-19.

AIMS: To explore factors associated with nurses' moral distress during the first COVID-19 surge and their longer-term mental health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, correlational survey study. METHODS: Registered nurses were surveyed in September 2020 about their experiences during the first peak month of COVID-19 using the new, validated, COVID-19 Moral Distress Scale for Nurses. Nurses' mental health was measured by recently experienced symptoms. Analyses included descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Outcome variables were moral distress and mental health. Explanatory variables were frequency of COVID-19 patients, leadership communication and personal protective equipment/cleaning supplies access. The sample comprised 307 nurses (43% response rate) from two academic medical centres. RESULTS: Many respondents had difficulty accessing personal protective equipment. Most nurses reported that hospital leadership communication was transparent, effective and timely. The most distressing situations were the transmission risk to nurses' family members, caring for patients without family members present, and caring for patients dying without family or clergy present. These occurred occasionally with moderate distress. Nurses reported 2.5 days each in the past week of feeling anxiety, withdrawn and having difficulty sleeping. Moral distress decreased with effective communication and access to personal protective equipment. Moral distress was associated with longer-term mental health. CONCLUSION: Pandemic patient care situations are the greatest sources of nurses' moral distress. Effective leadership communication, fewer COVID-19 patients, and access to protective equipment decrease moral distress, which influences longer-term mental health. IMPACT: Little was known about the impact of COVID-19 on nurses' moral distress. We found that nurses' moral distress was associated with the volume of care for infected patients, access to personal protective equipment, and communication from leaders. We found that moral distress was associated with longer-term mental health. Leaders should communicate transparently to decrease nurses' moral distress and the negative effects of global crises on nurses' longer-term mental health.

Relationships among stress, resilience, and incivility in undergraduate nursing students and faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic: Policy implications for nurse leaders.

BACKGROUND: Developing successful targeted interventions to reduce incivility for undergraduate nursing students and educators will require understanding the differences in their unique experiences. Although resilience may act as protective buffer against stressors, little is known about the relationships between stress, resilience, and perceptions of the frequency of incivility in the academic environment. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare relationships among and differences between perceptions of incivility frequency and self-reported stress and resilience levels in undergraduate nursing students and faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: A comparative descriptive and correlational research design was utilized. An online survey was used to collect data from undergraduate nursing students and faculty (n = 710) at one public university. RESULTS: Students were significantly more stressed and less resilient than faculty. Faculty reported significantly greater low and high-level student and low-level faculty incivility behaviors than students. CONCLUSION: Understanding student and faculty perceptions of uncivil behavior frequency occurring at the intersection of high stress and moderate resilience levels is key to the creation of targeted interventions and policy development.

Association between nurse work environment and severe maternal morbidity in high-income countries: A systematic review and call to action.

AIM: To identify evidence related to association between the nurse work environment and severe maternal morbidity in high-income countries. DESIGN: Quantitative Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus were systematically searched for studies published in English from January 1990-December 2019. Studies were selected based on a priori eligibility criteria. REVIEW METHODS: Two independent reviewers used a two-phase screening process. First, the reviewers assessed the eligibility of studies based on titles and abstracts; followed by assessing the full text of all remaining studies based on the eligibility criteria. An adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction tool was created to extract relevant information from studies reviewed during the second screening phase. RESULTS: Of the 535 de-duplicated articles examined by two independent reviewers, there were no eligible empirical studies that assessed the association between nurse work environment and severe maternal morbidity. CONCLUSION: There is a critical gap in knowledge regarding how characteristics of the nurse work environment may influence severe maternal morbidity in high-income countries. Future directions for nursing research include using available maternal health surveillance hospital-level data, conducting high-quality studies, and using evidence-based frameworks to guide future studies. Future directions for nursing practice include leveraging professional learning communities for nursing education and training and leveraging quality improvement initiatives. IMPACT: As the first known systematic review of its kind, this 'empty review' provides evidence of a lacking body of literature on the association between nurse work environment, as a modifiable organizational characteristic and preventable severe maternal morbidity in high-income countries. This article provides a call to action in the form of five recommendations for future nursing research and practice, which could serve to elucidate research, practice, and policy opportunities to reduce preventable severe maternal morbidity in high-income countries.

Measuring Parent Satisfaction With Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: The EMPATHIC-NICU-USA Questionnaire.

Background: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patient satisfaction is measured as parent satisfaction. Parents are critical to the family-centered care model and can evaluate care. Several EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care (EMPATHIC) instruments were developed in the Netherlands to measure parent satisfaction with neonatal and pediatric intensive care. EMPATHIC instruments comprise five domains and a total score: information, care and treatment, organization, parental participation, and professional attitude. To our knowledge, the EMPATHIC has not been adapted for USA use. Objectives: (1) To select a relevant EMPATHIC instrument for our study. (2) To expand the content reflecting the role of nurses and the cultural heterogeneity of USA NICU infants. (3) To adapt the selected EMPATHIC instrument to USA English. (4) To establish psychometric properties of the linguistically adapted instrument. (5) To evaluate instrument performance with additional items. Methods: The EMPATHIC-30 was selected based on shortest length, high overlap with neonatal EMPATHIC-N, and availability of a validated Spanish-language version. Six items from the EMPATHIC-N were added, two of which were split into separate items, resulting in the EMPATHIC-38. A neonatal nurse practitioner adapted wording to USA English. Cognitive debriefing was performed with eight NICU parents to evaluate adapted wording. Parent survey data from a study about missed nursing care and NICU parent satisfaction were utilized. Internal consistency of the five domains and overall score was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Spearman's rank correlations were computed for domains and overall score with four validity measures. Differential validity was determined using 13 parent demographic subgroups. Results: Data were from 282 parents. Parent race was predominantly White (61%) or Black (22%). One fifth were Hispanic. The adapted wording was satisfactory. Four of the five EMPATHIC-30 and EMPATHIC-38 domains had Cronbach alphas at or above 0.70, indicating acceptable reliability. Correlations between the domain, total scores, and validity indicators ranged from 0.30 to 0.57, indicating positive, moderate associations. Results were replicated in demographic subgroups. Reliability and validity of the three domains with additional items were better than or equivalent to values for the original. Conclusion: The linguistically adapted EMPATHIC-30-NICU-USA and the expanded EMPATHIC-38-NICU-USA exhibit satisfactory psychometric properties and are suitable for use in USA NICUs.

Parent Satisfaction With Care and Treatment Relates to Missed Nursing Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Background: The satisfaction of parents of infants in neonatal intensive care is important to parent-infant bonding and parents' ability to care for their baby, including after discharge. Given the principal caregiver role of nurses in this setting, parent satisfaction is influenced by high quality nursing care. Nursing care that is required but missed, such as counseling and support, might influence parent satisfaction. How missed nursing care relates to parent satisfaction is unknown. Objective: To describe the satisfaction of parents of infants in neonatal intensive care and to determine how satisfaction relates to missed nursing care in a sample of USA nursing units. Methods: The design was cross-sectional and correlational. Thirty neonatal intensive care units that participate in the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators were recruited. To maximize sample variation in missed care, the highest and lowest quartile hospitals on missed nursing care, measured by nurse survey, were eligible. Ten parents of infants who were to be discharged were recruited from each site to complete a survey. Parent satisfaction was measured by the EMPATHIC-38 instrument, comprising five subscales: information, care and treatment, organization, parental participation, and professional attitude, and a total satisfaction score. Multivariate regression models were estimated. Results: Parent satisfaction was high (5.70 out of 6.00). The prevalence of missed care was 25 and 51% for low and high missed care units, respectively, and 40% for all units. On average, nurses missed 1.06 care activities; in the low and high missed care units the averages were 0.46 and 1.32. Over 10% of nurses missed activities that involved the parent, e.g., teaching, helping breastfeeding mothers, and preparing families for discharge. One standard deviation decrease in missed care activities at the unit level was associated with a 0.08-point increase in parent satisfaction with care and treatment (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Parents in USA neonatal intensive care units are highly satisfied. Neonatal intensive care nurses routinely miss care. Parent satisfaction with care and treatment is related to missed nursing care. Nursing care that is missed relates primarily to the care of the baby by the parents, which could have long term health and developmental consequences.

Missed care relates to nurse job enjoyment and intention to leave in neonatal intensive care.

AIM(S): To determine relationships among missed nursing care, job enjoyment and intention to leave for neonatal nurses. BACKGROUND: Being unable to provide required nursing care to infants could contribute to poorer neonatal nurse job outcomes, which may exacerbate staffing challenges. Little evidence exists about how missed nursing care relates to neonatal nurse job outcomes. METHOD(S): The design was cross-sectional. Secondary data from the 2016 National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators Registered Nurse Survey were used, which included nurse ratings of job enjoyment, intention to leave and missed nursing care. American Hospital Association data from 2016 were used to describe hospitals. Linear and logistic regressions were calculated. RESULTS: There were 5,824 neonatal nurses. Mean nurse job enjoyment was 4.26 out of 6 (SD = 0.97). On average, 15% of nurses intended to leave their position. Each one unit increase in missed nursing care was associated with a 0.26 decrease in job enjoyment and a 29% increased odds of intention to leave after controlling for nursing and hospital characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Missed nursing care can influence nurse job enjoyment and intention to leave in neonatal care units. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Neonatal nurse managers should address missed nursing care to improve neonatal nurse job outcomes.

Impact of rural hospital environments on patients and nurses.

Rural hospitals provide life-saving acute care from a consistent group of care providers. Rural hospitals with financial difficulties operate under tight margins as an attempt to prevent closure, which could contribute to not completing repairs needed to the hospital building. This paper explores an ethical dilemma for rural hospital nurse administrators, which is, "Is it better for a rural hospital building is disrepair to remain open so that it can provide a place for some degree of acute care services to be offered in the rural community-or-if a hospital building has structural problems that could lead to harm, should hospital operations cease until a solution is found?" To illustrate this dilemma, I will discuss the challenges of rural hospital administrators and a first-hand experience I had as a bedside nurse who experienced a dangerous near miss related to the built environment. Rural hospitals operating in a built environment in disrepair might need to consider nontraditional, even unusual, solutions to provide safer care given financial constraints. Rural businesses and institutions could consider sharing their building space to provide a safer built environment for nurses and patients while also not placing hospitals at further risk of financial distress.