[Modern methods of examination of ballistic trauma after passing through the barrier].

On the basis of experimental data were studied peculiarities of ballistic of wounds after passing barriers. Authors analyzed forensic medical examination reports concerned about murdered and wounded with gunshots in Saint Petersburg. As research objects were used: simulators of biological materials (block of glycerin soap) and experimental animals. The following bullets were used: automat cartridge 7H22, 7H24 - gauge 5,45x39 mm, pistol cartridge 7H29 - gauge 9,0x21 mm; gun reach - 50 and 100 meters; barriers - steel plates, glass, brickwork. The following assessment of exposure was used: in simulators - according to volumes of temporary cavity; in experimental animals - according to results of morphofunctional researches. Data about damaging action of pistol cartridge 7H22, 7H24 with gauge 5,45 mm and automat cartridges 7H29 and 9,0 mm is received.

[Aspects of development of surgical service of modem Navy].

The article is devoted to the aspects of a current state of surgical service in the Navy, prospects of development of professianl training for navy surgeons, formation of modern training comlex, united electronic library, containig the issues about combat surgical trauma, software technologies, realizing of the application methodology during the process of training and practical activity for the development of the training system for surgeons of Navy and improvement of effectiveness. Formation of normative technical documents, regulating activity of navy surgians is also among the expectations. The authors also touched on the issues of development of modern technologies in bone grafting with the help of domestic implants based on the osteoinductive nanostructured nonorganic matrices (titanium) with defined structure and composition. Department of navy and hospital surgery participate in this debelopment. Due to increased amount of oncologic patients, it was decided to establish the Cancer Center of the Ministry of Defense based on department of navy and hospital surgery of the Kirov Military Medical Academy. It makes possible to perform the following procedures: canser surgery; surgical repair; plastic repair of major vessels, bone and soft tissue grafting, removal of residual cancer cells with the help of loco-regional methods of hyperthermic intracavitary and intravascular chemoperfusion; diagnostics and treatment of recurrent tumors (surgical and radiation treatment, systemic chemotherapy, loco-regional chemoembolization. Each of the given methods help to develop and improve the innovation technologies.

Functional domain motions in proteins on the ~1-100 ns timescale: comparison of neutron spin-echo spectroscopy of phosphoglycerate kinase with molecular-dynamics simulation.

Protein function often requires large-scale domain motion. An exciting new development in the experimental characterization of domain motions in proteins is the application of neutron spin-echo spectroscopy (NSE). NSE directly probes coherent (i.e., pair correlated) scattering on the ~1-100 ns timescale. Here, we report on all-atom molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation of a protein, phosphoglycerate kinase, from which we calculate small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and NSE scattering properties. The simulation-derived and experimental-solution SANS results are in excellent agreement. The contributions of translational and rotational whole-molecule diffusion to the simulation-derived NSE and potential problems in their estimation are examined. Principal component analysis identifies types of domain motion that dominate the internal motion's contribution to the NSE signal, with the largest being classic hinge bending. The associated free-energy profiles are quasiharmonic and the frictional properties correspond to highly overdamped motion. The amplitudes of the motions derived by MD are smaller than those derived from the experimental analysis, and possible reasons for this difference are discussed. The MD results confirm that a significant component of the NSE arises from internal dynamics. They also demonstrate that the combination of NSE with MD is potentially useful for determining the forms, potentials of mean force, and time dependence of functional domain motions in proteins.

Thermal breaking of spanning water networks in the hydration shell of proteins.

The presence of a spanning hydrogen-bonded network of water at the surface of biomolecules is important for their conformational stability, dynamics, and function. We have studied by computer simulations the clustering and percolation of water in the hydration shell of a small elastinlike peptide (ELP) and the medium-size protein staphylococcal nuclease (SNase), in aqueous solution. We have found that in both systems a spanning network of hydration water exists at low temperatures and breaks up with increasing temperature via a quasi-two-dimensional percolation transition. The thermal breaking of the spanning water network occurs at biologically relevant temperatures, in the temperature range, which is close to the temperature of the "inverse temperature transition" of ELP and the unfolding temperature of SNase, respectively.